种子活力对小麦收获时期及穗部位的响应

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.015

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (11): 2719-2726.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.015

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

种子活力对小麦收获时期及穗部位的响应

张路路¹(), 李鹏¹, 张金汕¹, 贾永红², 罗四维¹, 李丹丹¹, 王凯¹, 石书兵¹()

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院奇台麦类试验站,新疆奇台 831800

收稿日期:2023-02-14 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2023-12-07
通信作者: 石书兵(1966-),男,山东商河人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail)ssb@xjau.edu.cn
作者简介:张路路(1994-),女,河南沈丘人,硕士,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail)luck11131114@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目“春小麦高活力种子关键技术研究与示范”(XJEDU2021I011)

Response of seed vigor to harvest time and spike parts of wheat

ZHANG Lulu¹(), LI Peng¹, ZHANG Jinshan¹, JIA Yonghong², LUO Siwei¹, LI Dandan¹, WANG Kai¹, SHI Shubing¹()

1. College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Qitai Triticeae Crops Experiment Station, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qitai Xinjiang 831800, China

Received:2023-02-14 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-12-07
Correspondence author: SHI Shubing (1966-), male, Shanghe, Shandong Province, professor, doctoral supervisor, research direction is wheat high yield cultivation, (E-mail)ssb@xjau.edu.cn
Supported by:
The University Research Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region"Research and Demonstration of Key Technologies for High Vigor Seeds of Spring Wheat"(XJEDU2021I011)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究种子活力对小麦收获时期及穗部位的响应。【方法】 选用新春37号为材料,分别于花后15(A₁₅)、20(A₂₀)、25(A₂₅)、30(A₃₀)、35(A₃₅)、40(A₄₀)和45 d(A₄₅)收获,并将穗部位均分为基部(L)、中部(M₁、M₂)、上部(U₁、U₂和U₃)共6个水平,测定春小麦种子物理性状、活力指标、幼苗及根系性状等指标。【结果】 (1)随着收获期的延迟,种子的宽度、面积、千粒重和比重呈明显上升趋势;种子的长度,苗高、苗干鲜重、根长、根表面积、根体积、根平均直径以及活力指数呈现先升后降趋势,种子活力指数表现为A₄₀(A₃₅)>A₄₅>A₃₀>A₂₅>A₂₀>A₁₅。(2)花后35~40 d收获的种子发芽势和发芽率均在90%以上,不同穗部位种子活力指数表现为穗中部(M₁、M₂)>穗基部(L)>穗上部(U₁、U₂和U₃)。【结论】 基部种子活力与根平均直径、穗中部种子活力与千粒重、穗上部种子活力与比重相关性均较高,3个穗部位的种子活力是选择种子综合活力的重要指标。

关键词: 小麦; 成熟度; 穗部位; 种子活力

Abstract:

【Objective】 To probe the response of seed vigor to wheat harvesting period and spike parts.【Methods】 Xinchun 37 was selected as material and harvested 15 (A₁₅), 20 (A₂₀), 25 (A₂₅), 30 (A₃₀), 35 (A₃₅), 40 (A₄₀) and 45 d (A₄₅) after anthesis, respectively. The panicle parts were divided into six levels: basal (L), middle (M₁, M₂) and upper (U₁, U₂ and U₃). The seed physical characters, vigor indexes, seedling and root traits of spring wheat were measured.【Results】 (1) With the delay of harvest, the width, area, 1,000-seed weight and specific gravity of seeds increased significantly; The seed length, seedling height, seedling dry fresh weight, root length, root surface area, root volume, root average diameter and seed vigor index increased first and then decreased, and the seed vigor index showed the following order: A₄₀ (A₃₅) >A₄₅>A₃₀>A₂₅>A₂₀>A₁₅. (2) The germination potential and germination rate of seeds harvested from 35 d to 40 d after anthesis were above 90%, and the seed vigor indices of different panicle locations were as follows: middle panicle (M₁, M₂) > base panicle (L) > upper panicle (U₁, U₂ and U₃). 【Conclusion】 The correlation between basal seed vigor and root mean diameter, seed vigor and thousand seed weight in the middle of the spike, and seed vigor and specific gravity in the upper part of the spike are all high, indicating that seed vigor in the three spike parts is an important indicator for selecting the comprehensive seed vigor.

Key words: wheat; maturity; spike parts; seed vigor

中图分类号:

S512

张路路, 李鹏, 张金汕, 贾永红, 罗四维, 李丹丹, 王凯, 石书兵. 种子活力对小麦收获时期及穗部位的响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(11): 2719-2726.

ZHANG Lulu, LI Peng, ZHANG Jinshan, JIA Yonghong, LUO Siwei, LI Dandan, WANG Kai, SHI Shubing. Response of seed vigor to harvest time and spike parts of wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(11): 2719-2726.

图/表 5

参考文献 27

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花后收获时间 Harvest time after Flowing(days)	长度 Grain length (mm)	宽度 Grain width (mm)	面积 Grain width (mm²)	千粒重 1 000 grain weight (g)	比重 Specific gravity (g/mL)
A₁₅	6.25 ±0.33^d	2.12 ±0.14^e	98.85±11.28^f	20.60 ±2.64^d	1.04 ±0.06^d
A₂₀	6.71 ±0.31^c	2.42 ±0.16^d	119.63±10.73^e	37.49 ±4.12^c	1.27 ±0.06^c
A₂₅	6.85 ±0.20^b	2.73 ±0.15^c	137.66±8.54^d	50.56 ±4.23^b	1.30 ±0.04^b
A₃₀	7.00 ±0.30^a	3.10 ±0.12^b	158.72±11.81^c	61.69 ±1.43^a	1.35 ±0.02^a
A₃₅	6.89 ±0.21^ab	3.16 ±0.09^b	164.42±9.44^b	62.97 ±1.50^a	1.36 ±0.03^a
A₄₀	6.93 ±0.21^ab	3.31 ±0.18^a	173.00 ±14.25^a	61.65 ±0.90^a	1.35 ±0.04^a
A₄₅	6.94 ±0.17^ab	3.35 ±0.15^a	175.96±11.31^a	62.18 ±1.65^a	1.38 ±0.03^a

花后收获时间 Harvest time after Flowing(days)	长度 Grain length (mm)	宽度 Grain width (mm)	面积 Grain width (mm²)	千粒重 1 000 grain weight (g)	比重 Specific gravity (g/mL)
A₁₅	6.25 ±0.33^d	2.12 ±0.14^e	98.85±11.28^f	20.60 ±2.64^d	1.04 ±0.06^d
A₂₀	6.71 ±0.31^c	2.42 ±0.16^d	119.63±10.73^e	37.49 ±4.12^c	1.27 ±0.06^c
A₂₅	6.85 ±0.20^b	2.73 ±0.15^c	137.66±8.54^d	50.56 ±4.23^b	1.30 ±0.04^b
A₃₀	7.00 ±0.30^a	3.10 ±0.12^b	158.72±11.81^c	61.69 ±1.43^a	1.35 ±0.02^a
A₃₅	6.89 ±0.21^ab	3.16 ±0.09^b	164.42±9.44^b	62.97 ±1.50^a	1.36 ±0.03^a
A₄₀	6.93 ±0.21^ab	3.31 ±0.18^a	173.00 ±14.25^a	61.65 ±0.90^a	1.35 ±0.04^a
A₄₅	6.94 ±0.17^ab	3.35 ±0.15^a	175.96±11.31^a	62.18 ±1.65^a	1.38 ±0.03^a

花后收获时间 Harvest time afterflowing(days)	发芽势 Germination energy	发芽率 Germination rate	种子活力指数Ⅰ Seed vigor indexⅠ	种子活力指数Ⅱ Seed vigor indexⅡ	种子活力指数Ⅲ Seed vigor indexⅢ
A₁₅	0.62±0.11^d	0.69±0.08^d	20.60±9.17^e	45.24±13.30^e	4.86±1.29^e
A₂₀	0.71±0.09^c	0.70±0.070^c	30.98±10.61^d	97.91±31.50^d	10.27±3.67^d
A₂₅	0.75±0.09^c	0.75±0.09^c	37.55±9.52^c	137.85±43.79^c	14.40±4.70^c
A₃₀	0.84±0.08^b	0.86±0.07^b	49.13±7.47^b	190.86±29.84^b	20.38±3.39^b
A₃₅	0.90±0.05^a	0.92±0.03^a	59.28±5.42^a	238.22±24.49^a	25.32±3.18^a
A₄₀	0.91±0.06^a	0.93±0.05^a	58.43±5.20^a	244.50±31.86^a	26.16±3.20^a
A₄₅	0.86±0.08^ab	0.88±0.07^ab	49.25±7.05^b	199.44±25.46^b	20.58±3.02^b

花后收获时间 Harvest time afterflowing(days)	发芽势 Germination energy	发芽率 Germination rate	种子活力指数Ⅰ Seed vigor indexⅠ	种子活力指数Ⅱ Seed vigor indexⅡ	种子活力指数Ⅲ Seed vigor indexⅢ
A₁₅	0.62±0.11^d	0.69±0.08^d	20.60±9.17^e	45.24±13.30^e	4.86±1.29^e
A₂₀	0.71±0.09^c	0.70±0.070^c	30.98±10.61^d	97.91±31.50^d	10.27±3.67^d
A₂₅	0.75±0.09^c	0.75±0.09^c	37.55±9.52^c	137.85±43.79^c	14.40±4.70^c
A₃₀	0.84±0.08^b	0.86±0.07^b	49.13±7.47^b	190.86±29.84^b	20.38±3.39^b
A₃₅	0.90±0.05^a	0.92±0.03^a	59.28±5.42^a	238.22±24.49^a	25.32±3.18^a
A₄₀	0.91±0.06^a	0.93±0.05^a	58.43±5.20^a	244.50±31.86^a	26.16±3.20^a
A₄₅	0.86±0.08^ab	0.88±0.07^ab	49.25±7.05^b	199.44±25.46^b	20.58±3.02^b

花后收获时间 Harvest time after flowing (days)	根长 Root length (cm)	根表面积 The root surface area (cm²)	根体积 The root volume (cm³)	根平均直径 The root average diameter (mm)	苗鲜重 Seedling fresh mass (mg)	苗干重 Seedling dry mass (mg)	苗高 Seed height (mm)
A₁₅	39.63±13.00^e	5.38±2.23^e	0.08±0.07^e	0.43±0.09^c	63.89±15.61^e	6.89±1.51^e	26.76±5.41^e
A₂₀	83.33±20.13^d	12.03±2.63^d	0.15±0.03^d	0.48±0.13^bc	129.11±31.06^d	13.35±3.50^d	41.54±11.4^d
A₂₅	98.39±17.12^c	15.37±2.63^c	0.21±0.06^c	0.52±0.10^ab	192.24±43.60^c	20.23±4.45^c	50.99±7.69^c
A₃₀	122.04±24.14^b	17.39±3.32^b	0.21±0.04^c	0.51±0.07^ab	222.54±24.22^b	23.59±2.93^b	57.33±7.27^b
A₃₅	151.69±17.38^a	22.02±3.55^a	0.27±0.06^ab	0.51±0.09^ab	258.78±25.40^a	27.59±3.30^a	64.48±5.46^a
A₄₀	155.75±17.03^a	22.94±2.75^a	0.28±0.04^a	0.50 ±0.07^ab	263.42±25.27^a	28.21±2.59^a	63.12±4.71^a
A₄₅	127.08±24.88^b	18.88±3.23^b	0.24±0.03^bc	0.56±0.08^a	227.79±37.48^b	23.53±4.37^b	56.09±9.47^b

种子活力对小麦收获时期及穗部位的响应

Response of seed vigor to harvest time and spike parts of wheat

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Metrics

穗部位Spike position		回归方程The regression equation	R²	F
基部 Base	L	Y₁=-41.073+19.194X₁-0.218X₆+163.577X₈-76.823X₉	0.999	954.534^*
		Y₂=-686.700+401.421X₂-814.586X₉	0.941	41.036^**
		Y₃=-58.131+34.395X₂-60.987X₉	0.796	10.730^*
中部 Middle	M₁	Y₁=351.862-0.614X₃-2.608X₄-48.386X₅+0.314X₆	0.999	1 449.150^*
		Y₂=1 303.730-0.666X₃-9.382X₄-286.307X₅+106.841X₉	0.980	62.886
		Y₃=101.725-0.238X₄-47.648X₅+12.204X₉	0.989	149.224^**
	M₂	Y₁=118.461-1.216X₃-2.670X₄-0.209X₆+77.482X₈	0.912	13.889
		Y₂=224.556-3.582X₃+9.725X₄+95.833X₉	0.999	2 198.682^**
		Y₃=95.544-0.640X₃+0.971X₄-0.102X₉	0.982	35.498^*
上部 Upper	U₁	Y₁=-140.331+162.723X₅+0.068X₆+29.830X₈-78.522X₉	0.993	175.045
		Y₂=-1 640.399+100.714X₁+956.418X₅+258.021X₈-366.611X₉	0.998	656.547^*
		Y₃=-141.951+11.648X₁+65.130X₅+0.137X₆-43.042X₉	0.951	25.211
	U₂	Y₁=-491.556+128.996X₁-1.500X₃-45.119X₅-1.624X₇	0.825	6.896
		Y₂=-1 453.692+324.467X₁-4.449X₃-216.268X₅+962.375X₉	0.961	31.683
		Y₃=-70.368+19.118X₁-0.234X₃-18.787X₅+53.785X₉	0.923	15.932
	U₃	Y₁=-316.143+1.365X₃-1.723X₄+215.342X₅-36.880X₉	0.992	149.674
		Y₂=-2 068.221+7.728X₃+769.175X₅+359.095X₈	0.824	8.819
		Y₃=-154.140+0.635X₃-1.615X₄+156.765X₅-68.134X₉	0.714	4.568

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