生物降解地膜对甜菜生长及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.017

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (11): 2735-2741.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.017

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

生物降解地膜对甜菜生长及产量的影响

王旭¹(), 和海秀¹, 范守杰¹, 彭椿皓¹, 王瑞楠¹, 孟玲¹, 徐巧², 白如霄¹^,³(), 崔瑜¹()

1.新疆生产建设兵团第九师农业科学研究所(畜牧科学研究所),新疆塔城 834601
2.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
3.新疆农垦科学院,新疆石河子 832000

收稿日期:2023-02-19 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2023-12-07
通信作者: 白如霄(1987-),男,甘肃环县人,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向为作物营养与施肥,(E-mail)brx_shz@163.com;崔瑜(1970-),女,北京人,高级农艺师,研究方向为甜菜高产栽培,(E-mail)1178245828@qq.com
作者简介:王旭(1989-),男,吉林公主岭人,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向为经济作物栽培,(E-mail)1039429242@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆生产建设兵团重点领域科技攻关计划(2018AB036);新疆生产建设兵团重点领域科技攻关计划(2021AB007);九师科技计划项目(2020JS015);九师科技计划项目(2020JS001)

Effects of biodegradable plastic film on sugarbeet growth and yield

WANG Xu¹(), HE Haixiu¹, FAN Shoujie¹, PENG Chunhao¹, WANG Ruinan¹, MENG Ling¹, XU Qiao², BAI Ruxiao¹^,³(), CUI Yu¹()

1. Agricultural Science Research Institute (Animal Husbandry Science Research Institute) of the Ninth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tacheng Xinjiang 834601, China
2. College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
3. Xinjiang Academy of Agri-Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China

Received:2023-02-19 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-12-07
Correspondence author: BAI Ruxiao (1987-), male, from Huanxian County, Gansu Province, a master's student and assistant researcher. He is mainly engaged in the research of crop and vegetable nutrition and fertilization,(E-mail)brx_ shz@163.com;CUI Yu (1970-), female, from Beijing, senior agronomist, mainly engaged in research on high-yield cultivation of sugar beet, (E-mail)1178245828@qq.com
Supported by:
The Key Field Science and Technology Research Program Project of XPCC(2018AB036);The Key Field Science and Technology Research Program Project of XPCC(2021AB007);Tackling Key Scientific and Technological Problems of the Ninth Division of XPCC(2020JS015);Tackling Key Scientific and Technological Problems of the Ninth Division of XPCC(2020JS001)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究新疆塔额垦区6 μm甜菜专用生物降解地膜对甜菜生长、产量及含糖率的影响。【方法】 采用P87 6 μm甜菜专用生物降解地膜(BD)和普通聚乙烯地膜(PE)为处理,以裸地(CK)为对照,分析不同覆膜方式对10 cm土壤温度、甜菜生长以及甜菜产量、含糖率的影响。【结果】 BD和PE较CK具有明显的增温作用,3个处理地表下10 cm土壤累计温度表现为PE>BD>CK;在甜菜子叶期和幼苗期,BD和PE均对甜菜根长、表面积、表面积都有显著促进作用;BD和PE较CK都有一定增糖作用,但BD处理增糖更显著,分别增加10.17%和1.6%;BD处理当季地膜降解率可达到75.23%。【结论】 BD地膜在甜菜生长的前期能保持良好的完整性,具有较好的增温效果,BD可以显著提高甜菜根长、根表面积、地上地下干物质量、产量、含糖率和含糖量,能够提高收益。

关键词: 甜菜; 产量; 含糖量; 土壤温度

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the 6 μm Effects of beet special biodegradable film on beet growth, yield and sugar content. 【Methods】 P87 6 μm Special biodegradable plastic film (BD) and ordinary polyethylene mulch (PE) were used, and bare land (CK) was used as control to analyze the effects of different film mulching on 10 cm soil temperature, beet growth, beet yield and sugar content.【Results】 BD and PE had an more obvious warming effect than CK. The cumulative temperature of 10cm soil under the three treatments was PE>BD>CK; BD and PE significantly promoted the root length and surface area of sugarbeet; In terms of sugar content of sugarbeet, BD and PE had certain sugar increasing effect compared with CK, but the sugar increasing effect of BD treatment was more significantly increased by 10.17% and 1.6% respectively; The degradation rate of plastic film treated with BD in the current season could reach 75.23%, which significantly reduced white pollution. 【Conclusion】 BD mulching film can maintain good integrity in the early stage of sugarbeet growth with a good warming effect. At the same time, BD can significantly improve the root length, root surface area, aboveground and underground dry matter quality, yield, sugar containing rate and sugar content of sugarbeet, and improve the income.

Key words: beet; production; sugar content; soil temperature

中图分类号:

S566.3

王旭, 和海秀, 范守杰, 彭椿皓, 王瑞楠, 孟玲, 徐巧, 白如霄, 崔瑜. 生物降解地膜对甜菜生长及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(11): 2735-2741.

WANG Xu, HE Haixiu, FAN Shoujie, PENG Chunhao, WANG Ruinan, MENG Ling, XU Qiao, BAI Ruxiao, CUI Yu. Effects of biodegradable plastic film on sugarbeet growth and yield[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(11): 2735-2741.

图/表 6

图1 不同覆膜处理对甜菜生育期土壤日温度变化

Fig.1 Effects of different film mulching treatments on soil daily temperature during sugar beet growth period

图2 不同覆膜处理下地表下10 cm土壤累计温度变化

Fig.2 Effect of different film mulching treatments on cumulative temperature of 10 cm soil under the surface

表1 不同覆膜处理下甜菜产根系生长发育变化

Tab.1 Effects of different film mulching treatments on the growth and development of sugarbeet root system

处理 Treatment	根长 Root length (cm)		根直径 Root diameter (cm)		表面积 Surface area (cm²)		根体积 Root volume (cm³)
日期Date(M/D)	6/10	7/10	6/10	7/10	6/10	7/10	6/10	7/10
BD	1.67^a	17.47^a	5.90^a	8.13^ab	11.26^a	81.17^a	28.66^b	191.36^a
PE	1.87^a	11.93^b	6.73^a	9.30^a	13.67^a	67.06^b	43.11^a	184.67^a
CK	0.87^b	12.67^b	4.73^a	7.50^b	5.29^b	57.00^b	8.18^c	113.37^b

图3 不同覆膜处理下甜菜生物量变化注:生物量均为干质量,测定日期为2021年10月9日(kg/hm2)

Fig.3 Effects of different film mulching treatments on Sugarbeet biomass Note:The biomass is based on dry mass and was measured on October 9, 2021(kg/hm2)

表2 不同覆膜处理下甜菜产量及含糖量变化

Tab.2 Effects of different film mulching treatments on sugar beet yield and sugar content

处理 Treat- ment	收获株数 Number of harvested plants (株/hm²)	单株重 Weight per plant (kg)	产量 Yield (t/hm²)	含糖率 Sugar content (%)	产糖量 Sugar production (t/hm²)
BD	73 500^a	1.10^a	80.84^a	17.44^a	14.10^a
PE	72 495^a	1.05^a	76.73^a	16.09^b	12.35^b
CK	54 990^b	1.23^a	67.71^b	15.83^b	10.72^b

表3 甜菜生育期降解膜膜面降解破裂变化

Tab.3 Degradation and rupture of degradation film surface in sugar beet growth period

处理 Treat- ment	覆膜天数 Film covered days(d)											降解率 Degradation rate(%)
处理 Treat- ment	25	40	53	67	82	95	109	123	137	153	162	降解率 Degradation rate(%)
BD	○	+	+	++	++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	75.23%
PE	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	0%

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生物降解地膜对甜菜生长及产量的影响

Effects of biodegradable plastic film on sugarbeet growth and yield

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