压差式和泵吸式施肥装置对棉花产量和氮肥利用率的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究压差式施肥和泵吸式施肥两种施肥装置对滴灌棉田氮素吸收、棉花产量及氮肥利用率的影响,为新疆干旱区滴灌棉田水肥一体化技术提供理论依据。【方法】设置3个处理:不施氮(N₀)、压差式施肥装置(N₃₀₀-压差式)、泵吸式施肥装置(N₃₀₀-泵吸式),其中氮肥为硫酸铵,用量为300 kg/hm²。【结果】与N₀处理相比,N₃₀₀-压差式和N₃₀₀-泵吸式处理显著增加棉花总生物量、氮素吸收量和籽棉产量;与N₃₀₀-压差式处理相比,N₃₀₀-泵吸式处理滴头肥液铵态氮浓度分布更加均匀,且N₃₀₀-泵吸式处理棉花生物量、氮素吸收量、籽棉产量和氮肥利用率显著增加15.94%、31.50%、7.32%和52.98%。【结论】同一施肥量的条件下,泵吸式施肥装置滴头肥液铵态氮浓度随时间变化幅度比压差式施肥装置小,泵吸式施肥装置施肥均匀性优于压差式施肥装置,泵吸式施肥装置较压差式施肥装置促进棉花生长,且显著提高氮素吸收量及籽棉产量和氮肥利用率。

关键词: 棉花; 压差式施肥装置; 泵吸式施肥装置; 产量; 氮肥利用率

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the effects of two fertilization devices, differential pressure fertilization and pumping fertilization, on nitrogen absorption, cotton yield and nitrogen use efficiency in drip irrigation cotton fields so as to provide theoretical basis for the development of water and fertilizer integration technology in drip irrigation cotton fields in arid areas of Xinjiang.【Methods】 The three treatments were set up in the experiment:no nitrogen application(N₀), differential pressure fertilization device(N₃₀₀-differential pressure type)and pump-suction fertilization device(N₃₀₀-pump-suction type), in which the nitrogen fertilizer was ammonium sulfate, and the dosage was 300 kg/hm².【Results】 Compared with N₀ treatment, N₃₀₀-differential pressure treatment and N₃₀₀-pumping treatment significantly increased cotton total biomass, nitrogen absorption and seed cotton yield.Compared with N₃₀₀-differential pressure treatment, N₃₀₀-pumping treatment had a more uniform distribution of ammonium nitrogen in emitter fertilizer solution, and the cotton biomass, nitrogen absorption, seed cotton yield and nitrogen utilization rate increased by 15.94%, 31.50%, 7.32% and 52.98%, respectively.【Conclusion】 Under the same fertilization amount, the variation range of ammonium nitrogen concentration in emitter fertilizer solution of pump-suction fertilization device with time is smaller than that of differential pressure fertilization device.Therefore, the uniformity of fertilization of pump-suction fertilization device is better than that of differential pressure fertilization device, and the pump-suction fertilization device promotes cotton growth and significantly improves nitrogen absorption, thus increasing seed cotton yield and nitrogen utilization rate.

Key words: cotton; differential pressure fertilization device; pump-suction fertilization device; yield; nitrogen use efficiency

中图分类号:

S562
S14

杨茂琪, 侯振安, 闵伟. 压差式和泵吸式施肥装置对棉花产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(2): 271-278.

YANG Maoqi, HOU Zhenan, MIN Wei. Effects of differential pressure and pumping fertilization devices on cotton yield and nitrogen utilization[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(2): 271-278.

图/表 6

图1 不同施肥装置和不同位置下滴头肥液铵态氮浓度随时间变化

Fig.1 The change of ammonium nitrogen concentration in emitter fertilizer solution with time under different fertilization devices and different positions

图2 不同施肥装置对不同位置下土壤铵态氮含量随土层深度变化

Fig.2 The change of soil ammonium nitrogen content with soil depth under different fertilization devices and different positions

图3 不同施肥装置下棉花各器官生物量变化

Fig.3 Effects of different fertilization devices on biomass of cotton organs

图4 不同施肥装置下籽棉产量变化

Fig.4 Effects of different fertilization devices on seed cotton yield

图5 不同施肥装置下棉花各器官氮素吸收量变化

Fig.5 Effects of different fertilization devices on nitrogen uptake of cotton organs

图6 不同施肥装置下氮肥利用率变化

Fig.6 Effects of different fertilization devices on nitrogen utilization rate

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