新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (2): 279-287.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.003
吴刚(), 田阳青, 赵强(
), 李欣欣, 穆妮热·阿卜杜艾尼, 张家豪, 王文庆, 占东霞(
), 马春梅
收稿日期:
2023-06-19
出版日期:
2024-02-20
发布日期:
2024-03-19
通信作者:
占东霞(1984-),女,湖北人,讲师,博士,研究方向为作物高产栽培,(E-mail)zhandongxia@sina.cn;作者简介:
吴刚(1997-),男,新疆人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物化控,(E-mail)977204062@qq.com
基金资助:
WU Gang(), TIAN Yangqing, ZHAO Qiang(
), LI Xinxin, Munire Abudulaini, ZHANG Jiahao, WANG Wenqing, ZHAN Dongxia(
), MA Chunmei
Received:
2023-06-19
Published:
2024-02-20
Online:
2024-03-19
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】运用缩节胺复配不同促进剂对棉花进行化学封顶试验,研究其对棉花成铃及光合特性的影响,为缩节胺复配促进剂对棉花棉铃调控和光合特性的研究应用提供科学依据。【方法】试验于2022年4~10月在新疆阿克苏地区沙雅县进行,供试棉花品种为新陆中84号,试验药剂以缩节胺和助剂为主,分别复配噻苯隆(0.1%,T1)、复硝酚钠(98%原药,T2)、胺鲜酯(8%制剂,T3)、14-羟基芸苔素(0.01%,T4)和萘乙酸(98%原药,T5),以常规缩节胺封顶为对照(CK),共6个处理,分析缩节胺复配促进剂对棉花棉铃时空分布和光合特性的影响。【结果】各处理干物质积累达到最大积累速率的时间在药后20~30 d,净光合速率在药后20 d左右达到最大值,在药后20~30 d棉花进入生殖生长的关键时期,且各复配处理均能提高棉株上中下部内外围铃的坐桃率、净光合速率和干物质积累速率。【结论】T5处理快速积累持续期较CK延长了5 d左右,且棉株中下部内外围铃坐桃率较CK差异显著,下部内外围铃坐桃率分别提高了15.00%和20.00%,中部内外围铃分别提高了24.00%和25.00%,伏桃增加了1.13个,单株结铃数显著增加了0.84个,较CK处理皮棉产量提高了15.48%,T5复配类型化学封顶剂效果好。
中图分类号:
吴刚, 田阳青, 赵强, 李欣欣, 穆妮热·阿卜杜艾尼, 张家豪, 王文庆, 占东霞, 马春梅. 缩节胺复配不同促进剂对棉花棉铃时空分布和光合特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(2): 279-287.
WU Gang, TIAN Yangqing, ZHAO Qiang, LI Xinxin, Munire Abudulaini, ZHANG Jiahao, WANG Wenqing, ZHAN Dongxia, MA Chunmei. Influence of different promoters compounded with DPC on the spatial and temporal distribution of cotton boll and yield[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(2): 279-287.
试验 编号 Experi- mental number | 试验处理 Experimental treatments | 用药剂量 Dosage (g/hm2) |
---|---|---|
T1 | 缩节胺+噻苯隆 (0.1%)+助剂 | 225+150+150 |
T2 | 缩节胺+复硝酚钠 (98%原药)+助剂 | 225+15+150 |
T3 | 缩节胺+胺鲜酯 (8%制剂)+助剂 | 225+150+150 |
T4 | 缩节胺+14-羟基芸苔素 (0.01%)+助剂 | 225+150+150 |
T5 | 缩节胺+萘乙酸 (98%原药)+助剂 | 225+15+150 |
CK | 缩节胺+助剂 | 225+150 |
表1 试验处理及剂量
Tab.1 Experiment treatments and dosage
试验 编号 Experi- mental number | 试验处理 Experimental treatments | 用药剂量 Dosage (g/hm2) |
---|---|---|
T1 | 缩节胺+噻苯隆 (0.1%)+助剂 | 225+150+150 |
T2 | 缩节胺+复硝酚钠 (98%原药)+助剂 | 225+15+150 |
T3 | 缩节胺+胺鲜酯 (8%制剂)+助剂 | 225+150+150 |
T4 | 缩节胺+14-羟基芸苔素 (0.01%)+助剂 | 225+150+150 |
T5 | 缩节胺+萘乙酸 (98%原药)+助剂 | 225+15+150 |
CK | 缩节胺+助剂 | 225+150 |
图1 缩节胺复配不同促进剂封顶下棉花蕾铃数的变化 注:不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平差异显著,下同
Fig.1 The change of the number of cotton buds capped with different promoters Note:Different small letters mean significant differences(P<0.05),the same as below
处理 Treatments | 伏前桃 Fore boll (个/株) | 伏前桃占比 Prevolt boll proportion (%) | 伏桃 Volt boll (个/株) | 伏桃占比 Volt boll proportion (%) | 秋桃 Autumn boll (个/株) | 秋桃占比 Autumn boll proportion (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 2.69a | 28 | 4.40b | 45 | 2.68ab | 27 |
T2 | 2.89a | 29 | 4.30b | 42 | 2.94a | 29 |
T3 | 3.57a | 34 | 4.33b | 42 | 2.53ab | 24 |
T4 | 3.49a | 31 | 4.87ab | 43 | 2.94a | 26 |
T5 | 2.70a | 27 | 5.50a | 54 | 1.90b | 19 |
CK | 3.23a | 34 | 4.37b | 46 | 1.83b | 19 |
表2 缩节胺复配不同促进剂封顶下棉花三桃占比的变化
Tab.2 Changes in the proportion of three peaches with different promoters
处理 Treatments | 伏前桃 Fore boll (个/株) | 伏前桃占比 Prevolt boll proportion (%) | 伏桃 Volt boll (个/株) | 伏桃占比 Volt boll proportion (%) | 秋桃 Autumn boll (个/株) | 秋桃占比 Autumn boll proportion (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 2.69a | 28 | 4.40b | 45 | 2.68ab | 27 |
T2 | 2.89a | 29 | 4.30b | 42 | 2.94a | 29 |
T3 | 3.57a | 34 | 4.33b | 42 | 2.53ab | 24 |
T4 | 3.49a | 31 | 4.87ab | 43 | 2.94a | 26 |
T5 | 2.70a | 27 | 5.50a | 54 | 1.90b | 19 |
CK | 3.23a | 34 | 4.37b | 46 | 1.83b | 19 |
处理 Treatments | 下部果枝坐桃率 Lower fruit branches sitting boll rate(%) | 中部果枝坐桃率 Central fruit branch sitting boll rate(%) | 上部果枝坐桃率 Upper fruit branch sitting boll rate(%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
内围铃 Entire the bell | 外围铃 Peripheral bell | 内围铃 Entire the bell | 外围铃 Peripheral bell | 内围铃 Entire the bell | 外围铃 Peripheral bell | |
T1 | 85.22a | 64.33ab | 77.78bc | 42.00b | 52.37ab | 21.00a |
T2 | 88.89a | 67.00a | 77.78bc | 44.33b | 57.27a | 21.33a |
T3 | 85.22a | 63.33ab | 74.69c | 40.33b | 51.33ab | 20.00a |
T4 | 88.89a | 70.00a | 85.56ab | 46.33b | 59.41a | 21.33a |
T5 | 92.56a | 75.00a | 89.67a | 64.67a | 64.78a | 25.33a |
CK | 77.78b | 54.67b | 65.79c | 40.00b | 38.84b | 18.00a |
表3 缩节胺复配不同促进剂封顶下棉铃空间分布的变化
Tab.3 Changes in spatial distribution of cotton with different promoters
处理 Treatments | 下部果枝坐桃率 Lower fruit branches sitting boll rate(%) | 中部果枝坐桃率 Central fruit branch sitting boll rate(%) | 上部果枝坐桃率 Upper fruit branch sitting boll rate(%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
内围铃 Entire the bell | 外围铃 Peripheral bell | 内围铃 Entire the bell | 外围铃 Peripheral bell | 内围铃 Entire the bell | 外围铃 Peripheral bell | |
T1 | 85.22a | 64.33ab | 77.78bc | 42.00b | 52.37ab | 21.00a |
T2 | 88.89a | 67.00a | 77.78bc | 44.33b | 57.27a | 21.33a |
T3 | 85.22a | 63.33ab | 74.69c | 40.33b | 51.33ab | 20.00a |
T4 | 88.89a | 70.00a | 85.56ab | 46.33b | 59.41a | 21.33a |
T5 | 92.56a | 75.00a | 89.67a | 64.67a | 64.78a | 25.33a |
CK | 77.78b | 54.67b | 65.79c | 40.00b | 38.84b | 18.00a |
处理 Treatments | 逻辑斯蒂方程 Logic Stein's equation | t0 (d) | t1 (d) | t2 (d) | tm (d) | Δt/d | Vm (g/ (株·d)) | GT (g/株) | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | y=150.320 3/[1+e(4.805 8-0.046 364 t)] | 103.57 | 75.19 | 131.96 | 33.83 | 56.77 | 1.74 | 98.99 | 0.995 |
T2 | y=154.070 1/[1+e(4.873 1-0.046 212 t)] | 105.45 | 76.95 | 133.95 | 34.27 | 57.00 | 1.78 | 101.46 | 0.993 |
T3 | y=116.171 5/[1+e(5.537 3-0.058 954 t)] | 93.93 | 71.59 | 116.27 | 29.03 | 44.68 | 1.71 | 76.50 | 0.994 |
T4 | y=132.960 3/[1+e(5.623 6-0.057 143 t)] | 98.41 | 75.37 | 121.46 | 30.22 | 46.09 | 1.90 | 87.55 | 0.997 |
T5 | y=162.873 7/[1+e(4.694 5-0.044 612 t)] | 105.23 | 75.71 | 134.75 | 34.66 | 59.04 | 1.82 | 107.25 | 0.997 |
CK | y=138.511 5/[1+e(5.016 7-0.048 713 t)] | 102.98 | 75.95 | 130.02 | 33.11 | 54.07 | 1.69 | 91.21 | 0.990 |
表4 各处理棉花干物质积累Logistic方程及特征值
Tab.4 Logistic equation and characteristic values of dry matter accumulation in each treatment
处理 Treatments | 逻辑斯蒂方程 Logic Stein's equation | t0 (d) | t1 (d) | t2 (d) | tm (d) | Δt/d | Vm (g/ (株·d)) | GT (g/株) | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | y=150.320 3/[1+e(4.805 8-0.046 364 t)] | 103.57 | 75.19 | 131.96 | 33.83 | 56.77 | 1.74 | 98.99 | 0.995 |
T2 | y=154.070 1/[1+e(4.873 1-0.046 212 t)] | 105.45 | 76.95 | 133.95 | 34.27 | 57.00 | 1.78 | 101.46 | 0.993 |
T3 | y=116.171 5/[1+e(5.537 3-0.058 954 t)] | 93.93 | 71.59 | 116.27 | 29.03 | 44.68 | 1.71 | 76.50 | 0.994 |
T4 | y=132.960 3/[1+e(5.623 6-0.057 143 t)] | 98.41 | 75.37 | 121.46 | 30.22 | 46.09 | 1.90 | 87.55 | 0.997 |
T5 | y=162.873 7/[1+e(4.694 5-0.044 612 t)] | 105.23 | 75.71 | 134.75 | 34.66 | 59.04 | 1.82 | 107.25 | 0.997 |
CK | y=138.511 5/[1+e(5.016 7-0.048 713 t)] | 102.98 | 75.95 | 130.02 | 33.11 | 54.07 | 1.69 | 91.21 | 0.990 |
处理 Treat- ments | 单位面积 株数 The number of hectares (104株/ hm2) | 单铃重 Single bell heavy (g) | 单株铃数 Number of single bells (个) | 皮棉产量 Cotton yield (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 14.20a | 6.05a | 8.06ab | 3 002.23c |
T2 | 14.30a | 6.03a | 7.97ab | 3 028.55bc |
T3 | 14.10a | 6.00a | 8.02ab | 2 962.85c |
T4 | 14.00a | 6.01a | 8.48ab | 3 261.07ab |
T5 | 13.90a | 5.96a | 8.62a | 3 333.60a |
CK | 14.30a | 6.01a | 7.78b | 2 886.75c |
表5 缩节胺复配不同促进剂封顶下棉花产量及其构成因素的变化
Tab.5 Changes in cotton production of different promoters
处理 Treat- ments | 单位面积 株数 The number of hectares (104株/ hm2) | 单铃重 Single bell heavy (g) | 单株铃数 Number of single bells (个) | 皮棉产量 Cotton yield (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 14.20a | 6.05a | 8.06ab | 3 002.23c |
T2 | 14.30a | 6.03a | 7.97ab | 3 028.55bc |
T3 | 14.10a | 6.00a | 8.02ab | 2 962.85c |
T4 | 14.00a | 6.01a | 8.48ab | 3 261.07ab |
T5 | 13.90a | 5.96a | 8.62a | 3 333.60a |
CK | 14.30a | 6.01a | 7.78b | 2 886.75c |
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