缩节胺复配不同促进剂对棉花棉铃时空分布和光合特性的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.003

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (2): 279-287.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.003

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

缩节胺复配不同促进剂对棉花棉铃时空分布和光合特性的影响

吴刚(), 田阳青, 赵强(), 李欣欣, 穆妮热·阿卜杜艾尼, 张家豪, 王文庆, 占东霞(), 马春梅

新疆农业大学农学院 /棉花教育部工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2023-06-19 出版日期:2024-02-20 发布日期:2024-03-19
通信作者: 占东霞(1984-),女,湖北人,讲师,博士,研究方向为作物高产栽培,(E-mail)zhandongxia@sina.cn；赵强(1981-),男,安徽人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为作物化控,(E-mail)qiangzhao99@163.com
作者简介:吴刚(1997-),男,新疆人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物化控,(E-mail)977204062@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项“机采棉塑型封顶与脱叶催熟技术研究示范”(2020A01002-2);新疆农业大学作物学重点学科发展基金(NXCDKY2021021)

Influence of different promoters compounded with DPC on the spatial and temporal distribution of cotton boll and yield

WU Gang(), TIAN Yangqing, ZHAO Qiang(), LI Xinxin, Munire Abudulaini, ZHANG Jiahao, WANG Wenqing, ZHAN Dongxia(), MA Chunmei

College of Agriculture,Xinjang Agricultaral University Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Cotton, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2023-06-19 Online:2024-02-20 Published:2024-03-19
Correspondence author: ZHAN Dongxia (1984-), female, from Hubei, lecturer, doctor, main research direction of crop high-yield cultivation technology research,(E-mail)zhandongxia@sina.cn;ZHAO Qiang(1981-), male, from Lingbi, Anhui, professor, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in the research on the principle and technology of crop chemical control,(E-mail)qiangzhao99@163.com
Supported by:
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Major Science and Technology Special Machine Cotton Molding Capping and Leaf Removal Ripening Technology Research Demonstration(2020A01002-2);Development Fund of Crop Science of Xinjiang Agricultural University(NXCDKY2021021)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】运用缩节胺复配不同促进剂对棉花进行化学封顶试验,研究其对棉花成铃及光合特性的影响,为缩节胺复配促进剂对棉花棉铃调控和光合特性的研究应用提供科学依据。【方法】试验于2022年4~10月在新疆阿克苏地区沙雅县进行,供试棉花品种为新陆中84号,试验药剂以缩节胺和助剂为主,分别复配噻苯隆(0.1%,T₁)、复硝酚钠(98%原药,T₂)、胺鲜酯(8%制剂,T₃)、14-羟基芸苔素(0.01%,T₄)和萘乙酸(98%原药,T₅),以常规缩节胺封顶为对照(CK),共6个处理,分析缩节胺复配促进剂对棉花棉铃时空分布和光合特性的影响。【结果】各处理干物质积累达到最大积累速率的时间在药后20~30 d,净光合速率在药后20 d左右达到最大值,在药后20~30 d棉花进入生殖生长的关键时期,且各复配处理均能提高棉株上中下部内外围铃的坐桃率、净光合速率和干物质积累速率。【结论】T₅处理快速积累持续期较CK延长了5 d左右,且棉株中下部内外围铃坐桃率较CK差异显著,下部内外围铃坐桃率分别提高了15.00%和20.00%,中部内外围铃分别提高了24.00%和25.00%,伏桃增加了1.13个,单株结铃数显著增加了0.84个,较CK处理皮棉产量提高了15.48%,T₅复配类型化学封顶剂效果好。

关键词: 棉花; 缩节胺; 棉铃时空分布; 产量; 光合特性

Abstract:

【Objective】 This experiment conducted aims to investigate the effect of chemical topping on cotton boll formation and photosynthetic characteristics by using indirubicin compounded with different accelerators in the hope of providing some scientific and theoretical basis for the research application of indirubicin compounded with accelerators on cotton boll regulation and photosynthetic characteristics.【Methods】 The experiment was conducted in Shaya County, Aksu Region, Xinjiang, China, from April to October 2022.The cotton variety under test was Xinluzhong 84, and the test chemicals were mainly indurated with thiram and auxin, compounded with thiram(0.1%, T₁), sodium compounded phenol(98% of the original drug, T₂), aminoxate(8% of the preparation, T₃), 14-hydroxy brassin(0.01%, T₄)and naphthalene acetic acid(98% of the original drug, T₅), with conventional micronutrient capping as the control(CK), a total of six treatments were used to investigate the effects of micronutrient complex promoters on the spatial and temporal distribution and photosynthetic characteristics of cotton boll.【Results】 The maximum accumulation rate of dry matter was reached at about 20~30 d after the treatment, and the net photosynthetic rate reached its maximum at about 20 d after the treatment, so it could be inferred that cotton entered the critical period of reproductive growth at about 20~30 d after the treatment, and all the compound treatments could improve the sitting rate, net photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation rate of the upper middle and lower inner peripheral boll.【Conclusion】 The rapid accumulation period of T₅ treatment was prolonged by about 5 d compared with CK, and the sitting rate of inner and lower outer boll of cotton plant was significantly different from that of CK.The sitting rate of inner and lower outer boll increased by 15.00% and 20.00% respectively, and that of middle inner and outer boll increased by 24.00% and 25.00% respectively, and the number of cotyledons increased by 1.13, and the number of boll set per plant increased significantly by 0.84.Therefore, it is recommended to use T₅ combination type chemical topping agent for cotton chemical topping.

Key words: cotton; DPC; space-time distribution of cotton bells; yield; photosynthetic characteristics

中图分类号:

S562

吴刚, 田阳青, 赵强, 李欣欣, 穆妮热·阿卜杜艾尼, 张家豪, 王文庆, 占东霞, 马春梅. 缩节胺复配不同促进剂对棉花棉铃时空分布和光合特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(2): 279-287.

WU Gang, TIAN Yangqing, ZHAO Qiang, LI Xinxin, Munire Abudulaini, ZHANG Jiahao, WANG Wenqing, ZHAN Dongxia, MA Chunmei. Influence of different promoters compounded with DPC on the spatial and temporal distribution of cotton boll and yield[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(2): 279-287.

图/表 7

表1 试验处理及剂量

Tab.1 Experiment treatments and dosage

试验编号 Experi- mental number	试验处理 Experimental treatments	用药剂量 Dosage (g/hm²)
T₁	缩节胺+噻苯隆 (0.1%)+助剂	225+150+150
T₂	缩节胺+复硝酚钠 (98%原药)+助剂	225+15+150
T₃	缩节胺+胺鲜酯 (8%制剂)+助剂	225+150+150
T₄	缩节胺+14-羟基芸苔素 (0.01%)+助剂	225+150+150
T₅	缩节胺+萘乙酸 (98%原药)+助剂	225+15+150
CK	缩节胺+助剂	225+150

图1 缩节胺复配不同促进剂封顶下棉花蕾铃数的变化注:不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平差异显著,下同

Fig.1 The change of the number of cotton buds capped with different promoters Note:Different small letters mean significant differences(P<0.05),the same as below

表2 缩节胺复配不同促进剂封顶下棉花三桃占比的变化

Tab.2 Changes in the proportion of three peaches with different promoters

处理 Treatments	伏前桃 Fore boll (个/株)	伏前桃占比 Prevolt boll proportion (%)	伏桃 Volt boll (个/株)	伏桃占比 Volt boll proportion (%)	秋桃 Autumn boll (个/株)	秋桃占比 Autumn boll proportion (%)
T₁	2.69^a	28	4.40^b	45	2.68^ab	27
T₂	2.89^a	29	4.30^b	42	2.94^a	29
T₃	3.57^a	34	4.33^b	42	2.53^ab	24
T₄	3.49^a	31	4.87^ab	43	2.94^a	26
T₅	2.70^a	27	5.50^a	54	1.90^b	19
CK	3.23^a	34	4.37^b	46	1.83^b	19

表3 缩节胺复配不同促进剂封顶下棉铃空间分布的变化

Tab.3 Changes in spatial distribution of cotton with different promoters

处理 Treatments	下部果枝坐桃率 Lower fruit branches sitting boll rate(%)		中部果枝坐桃率 Central fruit branch sitting boll rate(%)		上部果枝坐桃率 Upper fruit branch sitting boll rate(%)
处理 Treatments	内围铃 Entire the bell	外围铃 Peripheral bell	内围铃 Entire the bell	外围铃 Peripheral bell	内围铃 Entire the bell	外围铃 Peripheral bell
T₁	85.22^a	64.33^ab	77.78^bc	42.00^b	52.37^ab	21.00^a
T₂	88.89^a	67.00^a	77.78^bc	44.33^b	57.27^a	21.33^a
T₃	85.22^a	63.33^ab	74.69^c	40.33^b	51.33^ab	20.00^a
T₄	88.89^a	70.00^a	85.56^ab	46.33^b	59.41^a	21.33^a
T₅	92.56^a	75.00^a	89.67^a	64.67^a	64.78^a	25.33^a
CK	77.78^b	54.67^b	65.79^c	40.00^b	38.84^b	18.00^a

表4 各处理棉花干物质积累Logistic方程及特征值

Tab.4 Logistic equation and characteristic values of dry matter accumulation in each treatment

处理 Treatments	逻辑斯蒂方程 Logic Stein's equation	t₀ (d)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	t_m (d)	Δt/d	V_m (g/ (株·d))	GT (g/株)	R²
T₁	y=150.320 3/[1+e⁽⁴^.^{805 8-0}^.^{046 364}^t⁾]	103.57	75.19	131.96	33.83	56.77	1.74	98.99	0.995 $8 * *$
T₂	y=154.070 1/[1+e⁽⁴^.^{873 1-0}^.^{046 212}^t⁾]	105.45	76.95	133.95	34.27	57.00	1.78	101.46	0.993 $8 * *$
T₃	y=116.171 5/[1+e⁽⁵^.^{537 3-0}^.^{058 954}^t⁾]	93.93	71.59	116.27	29.03	44.68	1.71	76.50	0.994 $5 * *$
T₄	y=132.960 3/[1+e⁽⁵^.^{623 6-0}^.^{057 143}^t⁾]	98.41	75.37	121.46	30.22	46.09	1.90	87.55	0.997 $1 * *$
T₅	y=162.873 7/[1+e⁽⁴^.^{694 5-0}^.^{044 612}^t⁾]	105.23	75.71	134.75	34.66	59.04	1.82	107.25	0.997 $1 * *$
CK	y=138.511 5/[1+e⁽⁵^.^{016 7-0}^.^{048 713}^t⁾]	102.98	75.95	130.02	33.11	54.07	1.69	91.21	0.990 $5 * *$

表4 各处理棉花干物质积累Logistic方程及特征值

Tab.4 Logistic equation and characteristic values of dry matter accumulation in each treatment

处理 Treatments	逻辑斯蒂方程 Logic Stein's equation	t₀ (d)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	t_m (d)	Δt/d	V_m (g/ (株·d))	GT (g/株)	R²
T₁	y=150.320 3/[1+e⁽⁴^.^{805 8-0}^.^{046 364}^t⁾]	103.57	75.19	131.96	33.83	56.77	1.74	98.99	0.995 $8 * *$
T₂	y=154.070 1/[1+e⁽⁴^.^{873 1-0}^.^{046 212}^t⁾]	105.45	76.95	133.95	34.27	57.00	1.78	101.46	0.993 $8 * *$
T₃	y=116.171 5/[1+e⁽⁵^.^{537 3-0}^.^{058 954}^t⁾]	93.93	71.59	116.27	29.03	44.68	1.71	76.50	0.994 $5 * *$
T₄	y=132.960 3/[1+e⁽⁵^.^{623 6-0}^.^{057 143}^t⁾]	98.41	75.37	121.46	30.22	46.09	1.90	87.55	0.997 $1 * *$
T₅	y=162.873 7/[1+e⁽⁴^.^{694 5-0}^.^{044 612}^t⁾]	105.23	75.71	134.75	34.66	59.04	1.82	107.25	0.997 $1 * *$
CK	y=138.511 5/[1+e⁽⁵^.^{016 7-0}^.^{048 713}^t⁾]	102.98	75.95	130.02	33.11	54.07	1.69	91.21	0.990 $5 * *$

图2 缩节胺复配不同促进剂封顶下棉花光合特性的变化

Fig.2 Changes in the photosynthetic properties of cotton capped with different promoters

表5 缩节胺复配不同促进剂封顶下棉花产量及其构成因素的变化

Tab.5 Changes in cotton production of different promoters

处理 Treat- ments	单位面积株数 The number of hectares (10⁴株/ hm²)	单铃重 Single bell heavy (g)	单株铃数 Number of single bells (个)	皮棉产量 Cotton yield (kg/hm²)
T₁	14.20^a	6.05^a	8.06^ab	3 002.23^c
T₂	14.30^a	6.03^a	7.97^ab	3 028.55^bc
T₃	14.10^a	6.00^a	8.02^ab	2 962.85^c
T₄	14.00^a	6.01^a	8.48^ab	3 261.07^ab
T₅	13.90^a	5.96^a	8.62^a	3 333.60^a
CK	14.30^a	6.01^a	7.78^b	2 886.75^c

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缩节胺复配不同促进剂对棉花棉铃时空分布和光合特性的影响

Influence of different promoters compounded with DPC on the spatial and temporal distribution of cotton boll and yield

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