滴灌棉花源库器官对化学打顶的响应特征

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.004

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (2): 288-299.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.004

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

滴灌棉花源库器官对化学打顶的响应特征

毛廷勇¹(), 刘婵¹, 杨北方², 李亚兵², 周均³, 王栋⁴, 陈国栋¹(), 万素梅¹()

1.塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳 455000
3.喀什海关技术中心,新疆喀什 844000
4.绍兴海关综合技术服务中心,浙江绍兴 312000

收稿日期:2023-06-19 出版日期:2024-02-20 发布日期:2024-03-19
通信作者: 万素梅(1968-),女,河南商丘人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为旱区农业资源管理及高效农作制度,(E-mail)wansumei510@163.com；陈国栋(1986-),男,甘肃武威人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为作物高产栽培与高效农作制度,(E-mail)296925882qq.com
作者简介:毛廷勇(1994-),男,新疆阿克苏人,讲师,研究方向为作物高产栽培,(E-mail)1162638803@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目“棉花轻简高效栽培技术体系示范与推广”(2020TFD1001005);棉花生物育种与综合利用全国重点实验室(CB2022A21);塔里木大学校长基金(TDZKSS202201);塔里木大学校长基金创新研究团队项目(TDZKCX202309)

Response characteristics of source and sink organs of drip irrigation cotton to chemical topping

MAO Tingyong¹(), LIU Chan¹, YANG Beifang², LI Yabing², ZHOU Yun³, WANG Dong⁴, CHEN Guodong¹(), WAN Sumei¹()

1. Agricultural College of Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China
2. Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang Henan 455000, China
3. Kashgar Customs Technology Center, Kashgar Xinjiang 844000, China
4. Shaoxing Customs Integrated Technical Service Center, Shaoxing Zhejiang 312000, China

Received:2023-06-19 Online:2024-02-20 Published:2024-03-19
Correspondence author: WAN Sumei(1968-), female, from Shangqiu, Henan. Doctor, professor, research direction is agricultural resource management and efficient farming system in arid areas,(E-mail)wansumei510@163.com;CHEN Guodong,(1986-), male, from Wuwei, Gansu, doctor, professor, research direction is high-yield crop cultivation and high-efficiency farming systems,(E-mail)296925882@qq.com
Supported by:
Demonstration and Promotion of Cotton Simple and Efficient Cultivation Technology System of National Key Research and Development Program(2020TFD1001005);National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization(CB2022A21);Tarim University Presidents Fund(TDZKSS202201);President's Fund Innovation Research Team Project of Tarim University(TDZKCX202309)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究化学打顶对棉花光合特性及不同部位棉铃物质积累的影响和变化规律,为棉花优质高产提供基础。【方法】以新陆中70号和新陆中82号为材料,设置2种化学打顶药剂,人工打顶为对照。【结果】在喷施药剂10 d后,化学打顶处理的主茎功能叶净光合速率较人工打顶高,中上部叶片SPAD值化学打顶处理高于人工打顶处理,而新陆中82号下部叶片SPAD值表现为化学打顶低于人工打顶;新陆中70号积累量大于新陆中82号,但积累速率小于新陆中82号;化学打顶处理的全铃干物质积累表现为前2个花期促进后期棉铃的物质积累,2个品种分别是发育35和28 d后,而7月21日开花期促进是前期棉铃的物质积累,分别是发育28和21 d内;化学打顶处理的前2个开花期的增长特征值时间较人工打顶处理的有所推迟或增加,而7月21日开花期表现为化学打顶处理较人工打顶均有前移和增加,最大增长速率均表现为化学打顶处理大于人工打顶处理。【结论】化学打顶可以提高棉花主茎功能叶的光合作用,加速棉铃物质积累速率,有利于棉铃集中吐絮。

关键词: 棉花; 化学打顶; 光合特性; 棉铃发育; 物质积累

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the effect of chemical topping on photosynthetic characteristics and the change rule of cotton boll material accumulation in different parts, provide a basis for high quality and high yield of cotton.【Methods】 Taking Xinluzhong 70 and Xinluzhong 82 as materials, two chemical topping agents were set up in the experiment, and manual topping was used as control.【Results】 The results showed that after 10 days of spraying, the net photosynthetic rate of the main stem functional leaves of the chemical topping treatment was higher than that of the artificial topping treatment, and the SPAD value of the middle and upper parts of the chemical topping treatment was higher than that of the artificial topping treatment, while the lower part of Xinluzhong 82 showed that the chemical topping was lower than the artificial topping.The accumulation of Xinluzhong 70 was greater than that of Xinluzhong 82, but the accumulation rate was less than that of Xinluzhong 82.The dry matter accumulation of the whole boll of the chemical topping treatment showed that the first two flowering periods promoted the dry matter accumulation of the late cotton boll, and the two varieties were developed after 35 and 28 d, respectively, while the flowering period on July 21 promoted the dry matter accumulation of the early cotton boll, which was developed within 28 and 21 d, respectively.The growth eigenvalue time of the first two flowering periods of the chemical topping treatment was delayed or increased compared with the manual topping treatment, while the flowering period on July 21 showed that the chemical topping treatment moved forward and increased compared with the manual topping treatment, and the maximum growth rate showed that the chemical topping treatment was greater than the manual topping treatment.【Conclusion】 Chemical topping can improve the photosynthesis of the functional leaves of the main stem of cotton, accelerate the accumulation rate of cotton boll matter, facilitate the concentrated opening of cotton bolls.

Key words: cotton; chemical topping; photosynthetic characteristics; cotton boll development; accumulation of matter

中图分类号:

S562

毛廷勇, 刘婵, 杨北方, 李亚兵, 周均, 王栋, 陈国栋, 万素梅. 滴灌棉花源库器官对化学打顶的响应特征[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(2): 288-299.

MAO Tingyong, LIU Chan, YANG Beifang, LI Yabing, ZHOU Yun, WANG Dong, CHEN Guodong, WAN Sumei. Response characteristics of source and sink organs of drip irrigation cotton to chemical topping[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(2): 288-299.

图/表 10

图1 化学打顶下棉花叶片不同部位SPAD值变化

Fig.1 Effect of chemical topping on SPAD value of different cotton parts

图2 化学打顶下不同天数棉花净光合速率的动态变化

Fig.2 Dynamic changes of net photosynthetic rate of cotton in different days after chemical topping

图3 化学打顶下不同开花期全铃干物质积累变化

Fig.3 Effect of chemical topping on dry matter accumulation in boll at different flowering stages

表1 不同处理下全铃干物质增长变化

Tab.1 Characteristics of total boll dry matter growth under different treatments

品种 Variety	花期 Flowering	处理 Treatments	曲线方程 Curve equation	T_max (d)	Vm (g/d)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	T (d)	R²
新陆中70号 Xinluzhong 70	7月7日	CK₁	W=7.876 6/(1+e²^.^{537 2-0}^.^{114 440}^t⁾	22.2	0.225	10.7	33.7	23	0.97^**
		A₁	W=7.984 2/(1+e²^.^{810 3-0}^.^{111 189}^t)	25.3	0.222	13.4	37.1	23.7	0.99^**
		A₂	W=8.617 7/(1+e²^.^{756 7-0}^.^{101 659}^t)	27.1	0.219	14.2	40.1	25.9	0.99^**
	7月14日	CK₁	W=7.414 2/(1+e²^.^{459 3-0}^.^{115 906}^t)	21.2	0.215	9.9	32.6	22.7	0.96^**
		A₁	W=7.682 8/(1+e²^.^{589 7-0}^.^{106 490}^t)	24.3	0.205	12	36.7	24.7	0.98^**
		A₂	W=7.603 6/(1+e²^.^{564 8-0}^.^{103 255}^t)	24.8	0.196	12.1	37.6	25.5	0.98^**
	7月21日	CK₁	W=7.788 2/(1+e²^.^{267 3-0}^.^{087 493}^t)	25.9	0.17	10.9	41	30.1	0.95^**
		A₁	W=6.697 1/(1+e²^.^{433 3-0}^.^{118 938}^t)	20.5	0.199	9.4	31.5	22.2	0.97^**
		A₂	W=7.853 1/(1+e²^.^{197 9-0}^.^{087 969}^t)	25	0.173	10	39.9	29.9	0.96^**
新陆中82号 Xinluzhong 82	7月7日	CK₂	W=6.871 7/(1+e²^.^{908 1-0}^.^{148 717}^t)	19.6	0.255	10.7	28.4	17.7	0.97^**
		B₁	W=6.732 4/(1+e²^.^{725 3-0}^.^{149 818}^t)	18.2	0.252	9.4	27	17.6	0.97^**
		B₂	W=7.015 2/(1+e²^.^{979 2-0}^.^{130 871}^t)	22.8	0.23	12.7	32.8	20.1	0.98^**
	7月14日	CK₂	W=6.866 8/(1+e²^.^{745 7-0}^.^{152 988}^t)	17.9	0.263	9.3	26.6	17.2	0.98^**
		B₁	W=6.872 9/(1+e²^.^{913 3-0}^.^{157 227}^t)	18.5	0.27	10.2	26.9	16.8	0.98^**
		B₂	W=6.981 3/(1+e²^.^{361 3-0}^.^{107 900}^t)	21.9	0.188	9.7	34.1	24.4	0.97^**
	7月21日	CK₂	W=7.236 0/(1+e²^.^{192 8-0}^.^{093 247}^t)	23.5	0.169	9.4	37.7	28.3	0.94^**
		B₁	W=6.498 6/(1+e³^.^{079 0-0}^.^{131 917}^t)	23.3	0.214	13.4	33.3	20	0.99^**
		B₂	W=6.584 5/(1+e^{3.079 5-0.143 798 t})	21.4	0.237	12.3	30.6	18.3	0.98^**

图4 化学打顶下不同开花期单粒种子重变化

Fig.4 Effect of chemical topping on dynamic accumulation of fiber weight in single seed at different flowering stages

表2 不同花期单粒种子纤维重增长变化

Tab.2 Characteristics of fiber weight growth of single seed at different anthesis stages

品种 Variety	花期 Flowering	处理 Treatments	曲线方程 Curve equation	T_max (d)	Vm (g/d)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	T (d)	R²
新陆中70号 Xinluzhong 70	7月7日	CK₁	W=0.093 666/(1+e³^.^{793 8-0}^.^{120 863}^t)	31.4	0.002 8	20.5	42.3	21.8	0.98^**
		A₁	W=0.091 174/(1+e⁴^.^{846 0-0}^.^{153 515}^t)	31.6	0.003 5	23	40.1	17.2	0.98^**
		A₂	W=0.097 256/(1+e⁴^.^{141 4-0}^.^{124 193}^t)	33.3	0.003	22.7	43.9	21.2	0.99^**
	7月14日	CK₁	W=0.083 974/(1+e³^.^{829 5-0}^.^{124 480}^t)	30.8	0.002 6	20.2	41.3	21.2	0.98^**
		A₁	W=0.090 552/(1+e⁴^.^{161 0-0}^.^{121 655}^t)	34.2	0.002 8	23.4	45	21.6	0.99^**
		A₂	W=0.086 816/(1+e³^.^{786 3-0}^.^{112 193}^t)	33.7	0.002 4	22	45.5	23.5	0.99^**
	7月21日	CK₁	W=0.104 305/(1+e³^.^{397 5-0}^.^{080 585}^t)	42.2	0.002 1	25.8	58.5	32.7	0.98^**
		A₁	W=0.086 031/(1+e³^.^{636 3-0}^.^{106 562}^t)	34.1	0.002 3	21.8	46.5	24.7	0.98^**
		A2	W=0.079 821/(1+e³^.^{850 4-0}^.^{123 500}^t)	31.2	0.002 5	20.5	41.8	21.3	0.98^**
新陆中82号 Xinluzhong 82	7月7日	CK₂	W=0.074 322/(1+e⁴^.^{995 4-0}^.^{216 291}^t)	23.1	0.004	17	29.2	12.2	0.99^**
		B₁	W=0.078 356/(1+e⁴^.^{026 4-0}^.^{150 377}^t)	26.8	0.002 9	18	35.5	17.5	0.99^**
		B₂	W=0.078 952/(1+e⁴^.^{877 0-0}^.^{179 876}^t)	27.1	0.003 6	19.8	34.4	14.6	0.98^**
	7月14日	CK₂	W=0.072 432/(1+e³^.^{909 1-0}^.^{167 742}^t)	23.3	0.003	15.5	31.2	15.7	0.98^**
		B₁	W=0.071 242/(1+e⁵^.^{608 3-0}^.^{245 127}^t)	22.9	0.004 4	17.5	28.3	10.7	0.99^**
		B₂	W=0.074 141/(1+e⁴^.^{007 2-0}^.^{148 149}^t)	27.1	0.002 7	18.2	35.9	17.8	0.99^**
	7月21日	CK₂	W=0.075 375/(1+e⁴^.^{341 0-0}^.^{160 036}^t)	27.1	0.003	18.9	35.4	16.5	0.96^**
		B₁	W=0.071 242/(1+e⁵^.^{608 3-0}^.^{245 127}^t)	22.9	0.004 4	17.5	28.3	10.7	0.99^**
		B₂	W=0.069 913/(1+e⁶^.^{260 4-0}^.^{239 364}^t)	26.2	0.004 2	20.6	31.7	11	0.99^**

图5 化学打顶下不同开花期单粒棉籽重变化

Fig.5 Effect of Chemical Topping on Dynamic Accumulation of Single Cotton Seed Weight at Different Flowering Stages

表3 不同开花期单粒棉籽重增长变化

Tab.3 Characteristics of single cotton seed weight increase and change in different flowering periods

品种 Variety	花期 Flowering	处理 Treatments	曲线方程 Curve equation	T_max (d)	Vm (g/d)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	T (d)	R²
新陆中70号 Xinluzhong 70	7月7日	CK₁	W=0.110 199/(1+e²^.^{582 3-0}^.^{089 467}^t)	28.9	0.0025	14.1	43.6	29.4	0.97^**
		A₁	W=0.110 199/(1+e²^.^{582 3-0}^.^{089 467}^t)	29	0.003 1	17	41	24.1	0.99^**
		A₂	W=0.110 199/(1+e²^.^{582 3-0}^.^{089 467}^t)	31.8	0.002 8	18.1	45.4	27.4	0.97^**
	7月14日	CK₁	W=0.096 835/(1+e²^.^{718 2-0}^.^{103 636}^t)	26.2	0.002 5	13.5	38.9	25.4	0.97^**
		A₁	W=0.107 315/(1+e²^.^{876 5-0}^.^{095 080}^t)	30.2	0.002 6	16.4	44.1	27.7	0.97^**
		A₂	W=0.109 882/(1+e²^.^{840 6-0}^.^{084 592}^t)	33.6	0.002 3	18	49.1	31.1	0.99^**
	7月21日	CK₁	W=0.102 841/(1+e²^.^{348 8-0}^.^{071 539}^t)	32.9	0.001 8	14.4	51.3	36.8	0.93^**
		A₁	W=0.081 600/(1+e²^.^{844 2-0}^.^{117 553}^t)	24.2	0.002 4	13	35.4	22.4	0.97^**
		A2	W=0.093 068/(1+e²^.^{973 8-0}^.^{099 578}^t)	29.9	0.002 3	16.6	43.1	26.4	0.96^**
新陆中82号 Xinluzhong 82	7月7日	CK₂	W=0.101 445/(1+e²^.^{861 8-0}^.^{115 411}^t)	24.8	0.002 9	13.4	36.2	22.8	0.97^**
		B₁	W=0.101 748/(1+e²^.^{646 5-0}^.^{113 797}^t)	23.3	0.002 9	11.7	34.8	23.1	0.96^**
		B₂	W=0.099 212/(1+e³^.^{646 6-0}^.^{134 339}^t)	27.2	0.003 3	17.3	37	19.6	0.99^**
	7月14日	CK₂	W=0.100 978/(1+e²^.^{845 1-0}^.^{112 168}^t)	25.4	0.002 8	13.6	37.1	23.5	0.98^**
		B₁	W=0.088 842/(1+e³^.^{609 8-0}^.^{168 119}^t)	21.5	0.003 7	13.6	29.3	15.7	0.99^**
		B₂	W=0.104 682/(1+e²^.^{525 5-0}^.^{098 116}^t)	25.7	0.002 6	12.3	39.2	26.8	0.92^**
	7月21日	CK₂	W=0.095 426/(1+e²^.^{836 3-0}^.^{105 491}^t)	26.9	0.002 5	14.4	39.4	25	0.96^**
		B₁	W=0.104 854/(1+e³^.^{068 1-0}^.^{101 116}^t)	30.3	0.002 7	17.3	43.4	26.1	0.99^**
		B₂	W=0.092 110/(1+e³^.^{686 8-0}^.^{156 073}^t)	23.6	0.003 6	15.2	32.1	16.9	0.99^**

表4 不同开花期铃壳重变化

Tab.4 Characteristics of boll hull weight growth at different anthesis stages

品种 Variety	花期 Flowering	处理 Treatments	曲线方程 Curve equation	T_max (d)	Vm (g/d)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	T (d)	R²
新陆中70号 Xinluzhong 70	7月7日	CK₁	W=1.710 4/(1+ $e 4.232 8 - 0.404 872 X 1$ )	10.5	0.173	7.2	13.7	6.5	0.82^**
		A₁	W=1.710 4/(1+ $e 4.232 8 - 0.404 872 X 1$ )	11.6	0.118	7.0	16.1	9.0	0.98^**
		A₂	W=1.647 8/(1+ $e 3.675 8 - 0.294 317 X 1$ )	12.5	0.121	8.0	17.0	8.9	0.92^**
	7月14日	CK₁	W=1.740 9/(1+ $e 4.796 7 - 0.453 001 X 1$ )	10.6	0.197	7.7	13.5	5.8	0.81*
		A₁	W=1.625 9/(1+ $e 4.384 2 - 0.363 618 X 1$ )	12.1	0.148	8.4	15.7	7.2	0.91^**
		A₂	W=1.684 5/(1+ $e 4.609 5 - 0.379 385 X 1$ )	12.1	0.160	8.7	15.6	6.9	0.89^**
	7月21日	CK₁	W=1.788 4/(1+ $e 4.406 9 - 0.368 372 X 1$ )	12.0	0.165	8.4	15.5	7.1	0.98^**
		A₁	W=1.617 6/(1+ $e 4.381 9 - 0.410 704 X 1$ )	10.7	0.166	7.5	13.9	6.4	0.92^**
		A₂	W=1.575 7/(1+ $e 5.330 4 - 0.560 726 X 1$ )	9.5	0.221	7.2	11.9	4.7	0.97^**
新陆中82号 Xinluzhong 82	7月7日	CK₂	W=1.643 5/(1+ $e 3.874 3 - 0.388 334 X 1$ )	10.0	0.160	6.6	13.4	6.8	0.79^*
		B₁	W=1.711 0/(1+ $e 4.751 6 - 0.473 512 X 1$ )	10.0	0.203	7.3	12.8	5.6	0.78^*
		B₂	W=1.678 0/(1+ $e 3.778 7 - 0.350 906 X 1$ )	10.8	0.147	7.0	14.5	7.5	0.81^*
	7月14日	CK₂	W=1.694 8/(1+ $e 4.276 3 - 0.446 858 X 1$ )	9.6	0.189	6.6	12.5	5.9	0.84*
		B1	W=1.608 9/(1+ $e 5.050 4 - 0.561 741 X 1$ )	9.0	0.226	6.6	11.3	4.7	0.78^*
		B₂	W=1.450 9/(1+ $e 4.373 9 - 0.471 500 X 1$ )	9.3	0.171	6.5	12.1	5.6	0.97^**
	7月21日	CK₂	W=1.466 0/(1+ $e 35.018 4 - 4.801 4 X 1$ )	9.4	0.224	7.2	11.7	4.4	0.99^**
		B₁	W=1.316 0/(1+ $e 3.242 0 - 0.275 278 X 1$ )	11.8	0.091	7.0	16.6	9.6	0.97^**
		B₂	W=1.399 5/(1+ $e 4.678 6 - 0.456 217 X 1$ )	14.1	1.837	10.5	17.7	7.1	0.99^**

表4 不同开花期铃壳重变化

Tab.4 Characteristics of boll hull weight growth at different anthesis stages

品种 Variety	花期 Flowering	处理 Treatments	曲线方程 Curve equation	T_max (d)	Vm (g/d)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	T (d)	R²
新陆中70号 Xinluzhong 70	7月7日	CK₁	W=1.710 4/(1+ $e 4.232 8 - 0.404 872 X 1$ )	10.5	0.173	7.2	13.7	6.5	0.82^**
		A₁	W=1.710 4/(1+ $e 4.232 8 - 0.404 872 X 1$ )	11.6	0.118	7.0	16.1	9.0	0.98^**
		A₂	W=1.647 8/(1+ $e 3.675 8 - 0.294 317 X 1$ )	12.5	0.121	8.0	17.0	8.9	0.92^**
	7月14日	CK₁	W=1.740 9/(1+ $e 4.796 7 - 0.453 001 X 1$ )	10.6	0.197	7.7	13.5	5.8	0.81*
		A₁	W=1.625 9/(1+ $e 4.384 2 - 0.363 618 X 1$ )	12.1	0.148	8.4	15.7	7.2	0.91^**
		A₂	W=1.684 5/(1+ $e 4.609 5 - 0.379 385 X 1$ )	12.1	0.160	8.7	15.6	6.9	0.89^**
	7月21日	CK₁	W=1.788 4/(1+ $e 4.406 9 - 0.368 372 X 1$ )	12.0	0.165	8.4	15.5	7.1	0.98^**
		A₁	W=1.617 6/(1+ $e 4.381 9 - 0.410 704 X 1$ )	10.7	0.166	7.5	13.9	6.4	0.92^**
		A₂	W=1.575 7/(1+ $e 5.330 4 - 0.560 726 X 1$ )	9.5	0.221	7.2	11.9	4.7	0.97^**
新陆中82号 Xinluzhong 82	7月7日	CK₂	W=1.643 5/(1+ $e 3.874 3 - 0.388 334 X 1$ )	10.0	0.160	6.6	13.4	6.8	0.79^*
		B₁	W=1.711 0/(1+ $e 4.751 6 - 0.473 512 X 1$ )	10.0	0.203	7.3	12.8	5.6	0.78^*
		B₂	W=1.678 0/(1+ $e 3.778 7 - 0.350 906 X 1$ )	10.8	0.147	7.0	14.5	7.5	0.81^*
	7月14日	CK₂	W=1.694 8/(1+ $e 4.276 3 - 0.446 858 X 1$ )	9.6	0.189	6.6	12.5	5.9	0.84*
		B1	W=1.608 9/(1+ $e 5.050 4 - 0.561 741 X 1$ )	9.0	0.226	6.6	11.3	4.7	0.78^*
		B₂	W=1.450 9/(1+ $e 4.373 9 - 0.471 500 X 1$ )	9.3	0.171	6.5	12.1	5.6	0.97^**
	7月21日	CK₂	W=1.466 0/(1+ $e 35.018 4 - 4.801 4 X 1$ )	9.4	0.224	7.2	11.7	4.4	0.99^**
		B₁	W=1.316 0/(1+ $e 3.242 0 - 0.275 278 X 1$ )	11.8	0.091	7.0	16.6	9.6	0.97^**
		B₂	W=1.399 5/(1+ $e 4.678 6 - 0.456 217 X 1$ )	14.1	1.837	10.5	17.7	7.1	0.99^**

图6 化学打顶下不同处理开花期铃壳重变化

Fig.6 Effect of chemical topping on dynamic accumulation of boll shell weight at different flowering stages

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滴灌棉花源库器官对化学打顶的响应特征

Response characteristics of source and sink organs of drip irrigation cotton to chemical topping

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