新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (2): 310-317.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.006

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同施氮量对春小麦灌浆速率和产量的影响

高新1(), 汪烨霖2, 朱泰武2, 李剑峰1, 王重1, 时佳1, 王春生1, 张宏芝1, 王立红1, 樊哲儒1(), 张跃强1()   

  1. 1.新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/新疆农作物生物技术重点实验室/新疆作物化学调控工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830091
    2.新疆农业大学生命科学学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-10 出版日期:2024-02-20 发布日期:2024-03-19
  • 通信作者: 张跃强(1976-),男,新疆人,研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为小麦遗传育种,(E-mail)zhangyqyhm@163.com;樊哲儒(1964- ),男,新疆人,研究员,研究方向为小麦育种与栽培,(E-mail)fzr640814@qq.com
  • 作者简介:高新(1988-),女,新疆人,助理研究员,研究方向为小麦育种与栽培,(E-mail)gaoxin0564@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    天山青年计划-杰出青年科技人才培养项目(2020Q009);新疆农业科学院青年科技骨干创新能力培养项目(xjnkq-2022004);新疆维吾尔自治区小麦产业体系(XJARS-01)

Influence of different nitrogen application levels on the grain filling rate and yields of spring wheat

GAO Xin1(), WANG Yelin2, ZHU Taiwu2, LI Jianfeng1, WANG Zhong1, SHI Jia1, WANG Chunsheng1, ZHANG Hongzhi1, WANG Lihong1, FAN Zheru1(), ZHANG Yueqiang1()   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology,Ecology and Tillage, MOARA/Research Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology/Xinjiang Crop Chemical Regulation Engineering Technology Researching Center, Urumqi 830091, China
    2. College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830091, China
  • Received:2023-06-10 Online:2024-02-20 Published:2024-03-19
  • Correspondence author: ZHANG Yueqiang(1976-), male, from Xinjiang, researcher, research direction:wheat genetics and breeding,(E-mail)zhangyqyhm@163.com;FAN Zheru(1964-),male,from Xinjiang,researcher,research direction:wheat breeding and cultivation,(E-mail)fzr640814@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    Tian Shan youth programme-outstanding young talents in science and technology(2020Q009);Innovation Ability Training Program for young scientific and technological backbone of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(xjnkq-2022004);Wheat industrial system of Xinjiang Autonomous Region(XJARS-01)

摘要:

【目的】研究不同施氮量对小麦籽粒灌浆进程的调控效应,分析滴灌条件下春小麦产量的提升潜力,为确定不同品质类型小麦品种适宜施氮量提供理论依据。【方法】以11个新疆审定的春小麦常规品种和1个现阶段正在培育的品系为材料,设置4个施氮水平处理,研究施氮量对不同春小麦品种(系)籽粒灌浆特性和产量的影响。【结果】不同施氮水平下小麦籽粒灌浆趋势均呈现为“S”型,随着施氮量的增加,小麦籽粒的干物质积累量达到最高籽粒千粒重后,积累的有效籽粒干物质重不增反降,但下降程度有所减缓。新春6号、新春37号、核春137表现为灌浆强势品种,新春11号、新春21号、新春29号表现为灌浆弱势品种。100 kg/hm2低氮水平下,新春17号和核春615产量达最高水平;200 kg/hm2中氮水平下,新春6号、新春11号、新春26号、新春29号、新春37号、新春39号、核春121和核春514共8个春小麦品种产量达最高水平;300 kg/hm2高氮水平下,核春137和新春21号产量达最高水平。【结论】4个施氮水平下,最大灌浆速率Vmax与平均灌浆速率Vs均呈极显著正相关,平均灌浆速率Vs与灌浆总天数T均呈负相关。公顷产量Y与千粒重A、最大灌浆速率Vmax、平均灌浆速率Vs、达到最大灌浆速率所用天数Tmax、灌浆总天数T均呈正相关。

关键词: 小麦; 氮肥; 灌浆速率; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 The present study aims to clarify the regulatory effect of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat grain filling process and exploit the potentialities in enhancing the yields of spring wheat under drip irrigation,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the determination of suitable nitrogen application of different quality cultivars.【Methods】 In this study, 11 conventional varieties approved by Xinjiang and one strain under cultivation were used as test materials, and four kinds of nitrogen level treatment were set to study the effect of nitrogen application on grain filling characteristics and yield of different spring wheat varieties (lines).【Results】 The results showed that the trend of grain filling rate of spring wheat under different nitrogen application levels showed an "S" shape.When the accumulated dry matter weight of grain reached grain thousand seed weight, accumulated dry matter weight of productive grain was decreased with the increasing level of nitrogen application.However, the decreasing rate was slower.The results demonstrated that Xinchun 6, Xinchun 37 and Hechun 137 were strong grouting varieties, while Xinchun 11, Xinchun 21 and Xinchun 29 were weak grouting varieties.Under the low nitrogen level of 100 kg/hm2, the yield of Xinchun 17 and Hechun 615 reached the highest level.Under the medium nitrogen level of 200 kg/hm2, the yield of 8 wheat varieties, namely, Xinchun 6, Xinchun 11, Xinchun 26, Xinchun 29, Xinchun 37, Xinchun 39, Hechun 121 and Hechun 514, reached the highest level.Under the high nitrogen level of 300 kg/hm2, the yield of Hechun 137 and Xinchun 21 reached the highest level.【Conclusion】 Under 4 different nitrogen application levels, the maximum grain filling rate was positively correlated with the average grain filling rate, and average grain filling rate was negatively correlated with total days of grain filling rate.Grain yields in per hectare was positively correlated with thousand seed weight, maximum grain filling rate, average grain filling rate, days to reach the maximum grain filling rate, and total days of grain filling rate.

Key words: wheat; nitrogenous fertilizer; grouting rate; yield

中图分类号: 


ISSN 1001-4330 CN 65-1097/S
邮发代号:58-18
国外代号:BM3342
主管:新疆农业科学院
主办:新疆农业科学院 新疆农业大学 新疆农学会

出版单位:《新疆农业科学》编辑部
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