不同施氮量对春小麦灌浆速率和产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.006

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (2): 310-317.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.006

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

不同施氮量对春小麦灌浆速率和产量的影响

高新¹(), 汪烨霖², 朱泰武², 李剑峰¹, 王重¹, 时佳¹, 王春生¹, 张宏芝¹, 王立红¹, 樊哲儒¹(), 张跃强¹()

1.新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/新疆农作物生物技术重点实验室/新疆作物化学调控工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆农业大学生命科学学院,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2023-06-10 出版日期:2024-02-20 发布日期:2024-03-19
通信作者: 张跃强(1976-),男,新疆人,研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为小麦遗传育种,(E-mail)zhangyqyhm@163.com；
樊哲儒(1964- ),男,新疆人,研究员,研究方向为小麦育种与栽培,(E-mail)fzr640814@qq.com
作者简介:高新(1988-),女,新疆人,助理研究员,研究方向为小麦育种与栽培,(E-mail)gaoxin0564@163.com
基金资助:
天山青年计划-杰出青年科技人才培养项目(2020Q009);新疆农业科学院青年科技骨干创新能力培养项目(xjnkq-2022004);新疆维吾尔自治区小麦产业体系(XJARS-01)

Influence of different nitrogen application levels on the grain filling rate and yields of spring wheat

GAO Xin¹(), WANG Yelin², ZHU Taiwu², LI Jianfeng¹, WANG Zhong¹, SHI Jia¹, WANG Chunsheng¹, ZHANG Hongzhi¹, WANG Lihong¹, FAN Zheru¹(), ZHANG Yueqiang¹()

1. Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology,Ecology and Tillage, MOARA/Research Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology/Xinjiang Crop Chemical Regulation Engineering Technology Researching Center, Urumqi 830091, China
2. College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2023-06-10 Published:2024-02-20 Online:2024-03-19
Supported by:
Tian Shan youth programme-outstanding young talents in science and technology(2020Q009);Innovation Ability Training Program for young scientific and technological backbone of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(xjnkq-2022004);Wheat industrial system of Xinjiang Autonomous Region(XJARS-01)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同施氮量对小麦籽粒灌浆进程的调控效应,分析滴灌条件下春小麦产量的提升潜力,为确定不同品质类型小麦品种适宜施氮量提供理论依据。【方法】以11个新疆审定的春小麦常规品种和1个现阶段正在培育的品系为材料,设置4个施氮水平处理,研究施氮量对不同春小麦品种(系)籽粒灌浆特性和产量的影响。【结果】不同施氮水平下小麦籽粒灌浆趋势均呈现为“S”型,随着施氮量的增加,小麦籽粒的干物质积累量达到最高籽粒千粒重后,积累的有效籽粒干物质重不增反降,但下降程度有所减缓。新春6号、新春37号、核春137表现为灌浆强势品种,新春11号、新春21号、新春29号表现为灌浆弱势品种。100 kg/hm²低氮水平下,新春17号和核春615产量达最高水平;200 kg/hm²中氮水平下,新春6号、新春11号、新春26号、新春29号、新春37号、新春39号、核春121和核春514共8个春小麦品种产量达最高水平;300 kg/hm²高氮水平下,核春137和新春21号产量达最高水平。【结论】4个施氮水平下,最大灌浆速率V_max与平均灌浆速率Vs均呈极显著正相关,平均灌浆速率Vs与灌浆总天数T均呈负相关。公顷产量Y与千粒重A、最大灌浆速率V_max、平均灌浆速率Vs、达到最大灌浆速率所用天数T_max、灌浆总天数T均呈正相关。

关键词: 小麦; 氮肥; 灌浆速率; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 The present study aims to clarify the regulatory effect of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat grain filling process and exploit the potentialities in enhancing the yields of spring wheat under drip irrigation,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the determination of suitable nitrogen application of different quality cultivars.【Methods】 In this study, 11 conventional varieties approved by Xinjiang and one strain under cultivation were used as test materials, and four kinds of nitrogen level treatment were set to study the effect of nitrogen application on grain filling characteristics and yield of different spring wheat varieties (lines).【Results】 The results showed that the trend of grain filling rate of spring wheat under different nitrogen application levels showed an "S" shape.When the accumulated dry matter weight of grain reached grain thousand seed weight, accumulated dry matter weight of productive grain was decreased with the increasing level of nitrogen application.However, the decreasing rate was slower.The results demonstrated that Xinchun 6, Xinchun 37 and Hechun 137 were strong grouting varieties, while Xinchun 11, Xinchun 21 and Xinchun 29 were weak grouting varieties.Under the low nitrogen level of 100 kg/hm², the yield of Xinchun 17 and Hechun 615 reached the highest level.Under the medium nitrogen level of 200 kg/hm², the yield of 8 wheat varieties, namely, Xinchun 6, Xinchun 11, Xinchun 26, Xinchun 29, Xinchun 37, Xinchun 39, Hechun 121 and Hechun 514, reached the highest level.Under the high nitrogen level of 300 kg/hm², the yield of Hechun 137 and Xinchun 21 reached the highest level.【Conclusion】 Under 4 different nitrogen application levels, the maximum grain filling rate was positively correlated with the average grain filling rate, and average grain filling rate was negatively correlated with total days of grain filling rate.Grain yields in per hectare was positively correlated with thousand seed weight, maximum grain filling rate, average grain filling rate, days to reach the maximum grain filling rate, and total days of grain filling rate.

Key words: wheat; nitrogenous fertilizer; grouting rate; yield

中图分类号:

S512.12

高新, 汪烨霖, 朱泰武, 李剑峰, 王重, 时佳, 王春生, 张宏芝, 王立红, 樊哲儒, 张跃强. 不同施氮量对春小麦灌浆速率和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(2): 310-317.

GAO Xin, WANG Yelin, ZHU Taiwu, LI Jianfeng, WANG Zhong, SHI Jia, WANG Chunsheng, ZHANG Hongzhi, WANG Lihong, FAN Zheru, ZHANG Yueqiang. Influence of different nitrogen application levels on the grain filling rate and yields of spring wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(2): 310-317.

图/表 5

参考文献 22

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摘要

序号 Number	品种(系) Variety	亲本(或来源) Breeding parents	审定时间 Validation
1	新春6号	中7903×改良新春2号	1993
2	新春11号	新春2号×86-7	2002
3	新春17号	新春6号×埃及NS64	2005
4	新春21号	青海946×NS-23-3	2006
5	新春26号	新春9号×新春6号	2007
6	新春29号	高代材料85-56×25-3	2008
7	新春37号	原212×97-6-3	2012
8	新春39号	埃及NS64×新春8号	2012
9	核春137	Plot9787×新春11号	2018
10	核春121	新春26号×37th-299	2022
11	核春514	新春37号×4S-113	2022
12	核春615	新春37号×38th-201	/

序号 Number	品种(系) Variety	亲本(或来源) Breeding parents	审定时间 Validation
1	新春6号	中7903×改良新春2号	1993
2	新春11号	新春2号×86-7	2002
3	新春17号	新春6号×埃及NS64	2005
4	新春21号	青海946×NS-23-3	2006
5	新春26号	新春9号×新春6号	2007
6	新春29号	高代材料85-56×25-3	2008
7	新春37号	原212×97-6-3	2012
8	新春39号	埃及NS64×新春8号	2012
9	核春137	Plot9787×新春11号	2018
10	核春121	新春26号×37th-299	2022
11	核春514	新春37号×4S-113	2022
12	核春615	新春37号×38th-201	/

品种 Variety	平均灌浆速率 Average grouting rate(mg/d)				最大灌浆速率 Maximum grouting rate(mg/d)				达到最大灌浆速率所用天数 Days to reach maximum grouting rate(d)				灌浆总天数 Total grouting days(d)
品种 Variety	N0	LN	MN	HN	N0	LN	MN	HN	N0	LN	MN	HN	N0	LN	MN	HN
新春6号 Xinchun 6	1.055	1.185	1.275	1.179	1.861	2.193	2.591	2.119	14.412	17.172	18.681	18.998	29.138	33.379	34.377	37.692
新春11号 Xinchun 11	0.926	0.919	1.221	1.307	1.531	1.958	2.112	2.115	19.501	18.456	20.114	22.673	33.199	34.654	38.800	40.341
新春17号 Xinchun 17	1.002	1.342	1.239	1.281	1.725	2.025	2.471	2.121	14.523	17.171	20.573	20.691	29.248	34.378	36.256	39.373
新春21号 Xinchun 21	0.988	1.012	1.080	0.914	1.658	1.759	1.989	1.960	16.707	17.591	21.419	22.229	31.417	32.795	37.096	40.901
新春26号 Xinchun 26	0.910	0.964	1.037	1.070	1.739	1.836	1.830	1.581	14.664	15.578	20.788	19.345	29.388	31.796	35.469	39.037
新春29号 Xinchun 29	0.957	0.993	0.998	0.947	1.481	1.573	1.883	1.810	17.633	18.835	19.781	19.397	31.337	33.030	36.670	39.088
新春37号 Xinchun 37	1.089	1.230	1.362	1.140	1.510	2.190	2.129	2.019	14.541	18.921	21.703	20.652	30.238	33.116	37.378	40.335
新春39号 Xinchun 39	0.935	1.089	1.152	0.845	1.882	1.798	2.065	2.011	15.750	18.632	21.587	22.414	30.467	34.829	37.263	41.084
核春121 Hechun 121	0.917	1.003	1.149	1.201	1.550	1.641	1.963	2.265	19.301	19.109	20.811	22.360	30.993	33.302	34.493	40.031
核春137 Hechun 137	1.183	1.260	1.355	1.298	1.686	1.671	1.967	2.148	14.583	15.428	16.567	20.187	29.308	34.115	34.278	39.873
核春514 Hechun 514	0.945	1.008	1.121	1.010	1.603	1.792	2.131	2.031	15.494	19.536	20.233	20.746	30.213	31.647	35.919	40.428
核春615 Hechun 615	1.109	1.283	1.295	1.173	1.705	1.753	1.667	1.719	16.521	17.913	19.914	19.865	29.232	31.226	35.602	39.553

品种 Variety	平均灌浆速率 Average grouting rate(mg/d)				最大灌浆速率 Maximum grouting rate(mg/d)				达到最大灌浆速率所用天数 Days to reach maximum grouting rate(d)				灌浆总天数 Total grouting days(d)
品种 Variety	N0	LN	MN	HN	N0	LN	MN	HN	N0	LN	MN	HN	N0	LN	MN	HN
新春6号 Xinchun 6	1.055	1.185	1.275	1.179	1.861	2.193	2.591	2.119	14.412	17.172	18.681	18.998	29.138	33.379	34.377	37.692
新春11号 Xinchun 11	0.926	0.919	1.221	1.307	1.531	1.958	2.112	2.115	19.501	18.456	20.114	22.673	33.199	34.654	38.800	40.341
新春17号 Xinchun 17	1.002	1.342	1.239	1.281	1.725	2.025	2.471	2.121	14.523	17.171	20.573	20.691	29.248	34.378	36.256	39.373
新春21号 Xinchun 21	0.988	1.012	1.080	0.914	1.658	1.759	1.989	1.960	16.707	17.591	21.419	22.229	31.417	32.795	37.096	40.901
新春26号 Xinchun 26	0.910	0.964	1.037	1.070	1.739	1.836	1.830	1.581	14.664	15.578	20.788	19.345	29.388	31.796	35.469	39.037
新春29号 Xinchun 29	0.957	0.993	0.998	0.947	1.481	1.573	1.883	1.810	17.633	18.835	19.781	19.397	31.337	33.030	36.670	39.088
新春37号 Xinchun 37	1.089	1.230	1.362	1.140	1.510	2.190	2.129	2.019	14.541	18.921	21.703	20.652	30.238	33.116	37.378	40.335
新春39号 Xinchun 39	0.935	1.089	1.152	0.845	1.882	1.798	2.065	2.011	15.750	18.632	21.587	22.414	30.467	34.829	37.263	41.084
核春121 Hechun 121	0.917	1.003	1.149	1.201	1.550	1.641	1.963	2.265	19.301	19.109	20.811	22.360	30.993	33.302	34.493	40.031
核春137 Hechun 137	1.183	1.260	1.355	1.298	1.686	1.671	1.967	2.148	14.583	15.428	16.567	20.187	29.308	34.115	34.278	39.873
核春514 Hechun 514	0.945	1.008	1.121	1.010	1.603	1.792	2.131	2.031	15.494	19.536	20.233	20.746	30.213	31.647	35.919	40.428
核春615 Hechun 615	1.109	1.283	1.295	1.173	1.705	1.753	1.667	1.719	16.521	17.913	19.914	19.865	29.232	31.226	35.602	39.553

处理 Treatments		公顷产量 Ha yield	千粒重 1000-grain weight	最大灌浆速率 Maximum grouting rate	平均灌浆速率 Average grouting rate	达到最大灌浆速率所用天数 Days to reach maximum grouting rate	灌浆总天数 Total grouting days
N0	A	0.539^*	1
	V_max	0.374	0.555^*	1
	Vs	0.346	0.577^*	0.975^**	1
	T_max	0.039	0.480	0.767^**	0.763^**	1
	T	0.140	0.035	0.031	-0.033	0.026	1
LN	A	0.884^**	1
	V_max	0.500^*	0.598^*	1
	Vs	0.553^*	0.601^*	0.959^**	1
	T_max	0.192	0.328	0.302	0.265	1
	T	0.280	0.352	0.654^*	-0.190	0.832^**	1
MN	A	0.760^**	1
	V_max	0.764^**	0.621^*	1
	Vs	0.621^*	0.740^**	0.830^**	1
	T_max	0.482	0.530^*	0.080	0.123	1
	T	0.134	0.363	0.263	-0.093	0.899^**	1
HN	A	0.788^*	1
	V_max	0.871^**	0.523^*	1
	Vs	0.808^**	0.524^*	0.916^**	1
	T_max	0.142	0.472	-0.010	0.201	1
	T	0.233	0.501^*	0.030	-0.202	0.928^**	1

不同施氮量对春小麦灌浆速率和产量的影响

Influence of different nitrogen application levels on the grain filling rate and yields of spring wheat

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