氮肥不同追施方式对甜高粱叶片光合特性及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.008

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (2): 326-335.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.008

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

氮肥不同追施方式对甜高粱叶片光合特性及产量的影响

再吐尼古丽·库尔班¹(), 吐尔逊·吐尔洪², 伊斯拉依·达吾提³, 王卉¹, 周大伟⁴()

1.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐 830051
3.新疆农业大学草业学院/新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052
4.伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所,新疆伊宁 835099

收稿日期:2023-07-13 出版日期:2024-02-20 发布日期:2024-03-19
通信作者: 周大伟(1980-),男,新疆伊宁人,副研究员,研究方向为作物栽培与生理,(E-mail)123124837@qq.com
作者简介:再吐尼古丽·库尔班(1981-),女,新疆沙雅人,研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为作物栽培与生理,(E-mail)490507273@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目“高粱品种与水肥管理互作关系及其碳氮积累机理研究”(2021D01A107);新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本业务费专项“施氮量及氮后移模式对高粱生理特征及氮肥利用效率的影响机制研究”(KY2023031);新疆维吾尔自治区乡村振兴产业发展科技行动项目“微藻生物增效剂在粮食作物提质增效种植的应用与集成示范”(2022NC072)

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer topdressing methods on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of sweet sorghum

Zaituniguli Kuerban¹(), Tuerxun Tuerhong², Yisilayi Dawuti³, WANG Hui¹, ZHOU Dawei⁴()

1. Institute of Food Crops,Xingjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
2. College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
3. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology/College of Grassland Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
4. Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yining Xinjiang 835000, China

Received:2023-07-13 Published:2024-02-20 Online:2024-03-19
Supported by:
Natural Science foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Study on the Interaction Relationship between Sorghum Varieties and Water and Fertilizer Management and the Mechanism of Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation"(2021D01A107);Basic Scientific R &D Program of Public Welfare Research Institutions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region " The Mechanism of Nitrogen Dosage and Nitrogen Shift Mode on the Physiological Characteristics and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Sorghum"(KY2023031);Demonstration and Promotion of Breeding, Efficient Production and High Quality Processing Technology of Sorghum Forage in Arid Areas of Southern Xinjiang(2022NC072)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究氮肥不同追施处理下甜高粱不同生育期光合特性的变化规律及最佳氮肥追施方式。【方法】设置大田试验,分析空白不施肥(CK)、B₁(2次沟施追氮肥)、B₂(2次滴施追氮肥)、B₃(4次滴施追氮肥)等4种氮肥不同追施处理对6种甜高粱品种不同生育阶段叶片的光合特性、水分利用效率(WUE)动态规律及生物产量的影响。【结果】甜高粱叶片的Pn、Tr、Ci、WUE在不同生育期不同氮肥追施处理下的变化趋势不一致,品种和处理间存在变化规律差异的现象。同一品种在同一生育阶段氮肥不同追施处理的光合特性有差异,叶片光合特性受氮肥追施处理的影响。Pn的变化范围在5.50~28.52 μmol CO₂ /(m²·s),大力士在B₃处理处于最高值,比CK显著提高39.91%。全部品种在B₂处理的Tr值与CK处理的Tr值差异均不显著。拔节和乳熟期B₃处理所有品种的Gs值与CK处理的Gs值差异均不显著。WUE的变化范围在3.05~16.86 μmol/mmol,拔节期只有B₂处理晋甜杂3号WUE值比CK显著提高71.28%,其他所有处理所有品种均与CK差异不显著。开花期B₁处理所有品种的WUE值均与CK不显著。生物产量变化范围在47.51~85.85 t/hm²,氮肥追施处理比CK增产幅度为7.66%~53.67%。大力士在所有处理的产量均高于其他品种,且B₁、B₂、B₃处理产量最高的品种顺序均一致,大力士>晋甜杂3号>辽甜3号。【结论】大力士、晋甜杂3号、辽甜3号在当地的适应性较好,B₂处理能够改善光合条件,使产量和水分利用效率达到最大,该处理是促进干旱区高粱生长发育的最佳氮肥滴管追施模式。

关键词: 甜高粱; 氮肥; 追施; 光合参数; 变化规律

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to clarify the variation of photosynthetic characteristics of sweet sorghum at different growth stages.【Methods】 The optimal topdressing method of nitrogen fertilizer under different topdressing treatments of nitrogen fertilizer, four different topdressing treatments, such as control without fertilization(CK), B₁(2 times furrow top dressing), B₂(2 times dropwise top dressing), B₃(4 times dropwise top dressing), were set and the effects of treatments on the photosynthetic characteristics, water use efficiency(WUE)and biomass yield of six sweet sorghum cultivars at different growth stages were studied.【Results】 The experimental results showed that the changing law of Pn, Tr, Ci and WUE in sweet sorghum leaves under different topdressing treatments at different growth stages varied between varieties and treatments.The photosynthetic characteristics of the same variety at the same growth stage under different treatments were different, and the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves were affected by topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer.The change range of Pn was at 5.50-28.52 μmol CO₂/(m²·s), which was the highest value of Dalishi in B₃ treatment, which was significantly higher than CK by 39.91%.The difference between the Tr value of all varieties in B₂ and CK was not significant.At jointing and milk ripening stage, there was no significant difference in the Gs values of all cultivars between treatments and CK.The variation range of WUE was at 3.05-16.86 μmol/mmol.Compared with CK, only the WUE value of Jintianzai No.3 in B₂ treatment was significantly increased(71.28%)while those of other treatments were not significantly different from CK at the jointing stage.At the flowering stage, the WUE values of all varieties in B₁ were not significantly different from that in CK.The biomass yield ranged from 47.51 t/hm² to 85.85 t/hm², and the yield increase of treatments was 7.66%-53.67%, compared with CK.The yield of Dalishi was higher than that of other varieties in all treatments, and the order of the highest biomass yields in B₁, B₂ and B₃ was the same, and that was Dalishi > Jintianzai 3 > Liaotian 3.【Conclusion】 Dalishi, Jintianzai 3 and Liaotianzai 3 had good adaptability in this region, and B₂ treatment can improve the photosynthetic conditions and maximize the yield and water use efficiency. This treatment was the best nitrogen topdressing mode to promote the growth and development of sorghum in arid areas.

Key words: sweet sorghum; nitrogenous fertilizer; topdressing; photosynthetic parameters; change rule

中图分类号:

S514

再吐尼古丽·库尔班, 吐尔逊·吐尔洪, 伊斯拉依·达吾提, 王卉, 周大伟. 氮肥不同追施方式对甜高粱叶片光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(2): 326-335.

Zaituniguli Kuerban, Tuerxun Tuerhong, Yisilayi Dawuti, WANG Hui, ZHOU Dawei. Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer topdressing methods on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of sweet sorghum[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(2): 326-335.

图/表 7

图1 氮肥不同追施下甜高粱不同生育期的净光合速率(Pn)变化注:1.晋甜1401;2.晋甜杂3号;3.辽甜3号;4.辽甜1号;5.济甜杂2号;6.大力士;图柱上标不同小写字母表示同一生育周期各处理间及不同品种间差异显著(P<0.05),下同

Fig.1 Net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of sweet sorghum at different growth period under top dressing of different nitrogen fertilizers Note:1.Jintian 1401;2.Jintianza 3;3.Liaotian 3;4.Liaotian 1;5.Jitianza 2;6.Dalishi;Different small letters indicate significant differences among treatment and different varieties in same growth period(P<0.05),the same as below

图2 氮肥不同追施下甜高粱不同生育期的蒸腾速率变化

Fig.2 Transpiration rate(Tr)of sweet sorghum at different growth period under top dressing of different nitrogen fertilizers

图3 氮肥不同追施下甜高粱不同生育期的叶片气孔导度(Gs)变化

Fig.3 Stomatal conductance(Gs)of sweet sorghum leaves at different growth period under top dressing of different nitrogen fertilizers

图4 氮肥不同追施下甜高粱不同生育期的叶片胞间CO2浓度(Ci)变化

Fig.4 Intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)of sweet sorghum leaves at different growth period under top dressing of different nitrogen fertilizers

图5 氮肥不同追施下甜高粱不同生育期的水分利用效率变化

Fig.5 Water use efficiency of sweet sorghum at different growth stages under top dressing of different nitrogen fertilizers

图6 氮肥不同追施下甜高粱生物产量变化

Fig.6 Effects of top dressing of different nitrogen fertilizers on yield of sweet sorghum

表1 氮肥不同追施条件下各生育时期Pn与Tr、Gs、Ci、WUE的相关性

Tab.1 Correlation coefficient between Pn and Tr,Gs,Ci,WUE of sweet sorghum under top dressing of different nitrogen fertilizers

生育期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	Tr	Gs	Ci	WUE
拔节期 Jointing stage	CK	0.84	0.33	0.87	0.89
	B₁	0.80	0.74	0.52	0.91
	B₂	0.54	0.66	0.35	0.74
	B₃	0.62	-0.03	0.55	0.71
开花期 Flowering stage	CK	0.09	-0.09	-0.22	0.62
	B₁	0.62	0.60	0.08	0.97
	B₂	-0.10	-0.37	0.43	0.39
	B₃	-0.17	-0.35	0.88	0.45
乳熟期 Milk stage	CK	-0.58	-0.15	0.65	0.58
	B₁	-0.70	-0.21	0.58	0.91
	B₂	-0.94	0.74	-0.81	0.99
	B₃	-0.23	-0.14	-0.17	0.63

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氮肥不同追施方式对甜高粱叶片光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer topdressing methods on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of sweet sorghum

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[2]	袁以琳, 颜安, 左筱筱, 侯正清, 张振飞, 肖淑婷, 孙哲, 马梦倩, 赵宇航. 氮肥减量配施生物有机肥对春小麦增产及土壤培肥的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 1872-1882.
[3]	赵敏华, 宋秉曦, 张宇鹏, 高志红, 朱勇勇, 陈晓远. 旱作条件下氮肥减施对水稻产量及氮肥偏生产力的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 1907-1915.
[4]	杨梅, 赵红梅, 迪丽热巴·夏米西丁, 杨卫君, 张金汕, 惠超. 氮肥减量配施生物质炭对春小麦群体结构、光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(7): 1582-1589.
[5]	杨茂琪, 侯振安, 闵伟. 压差式和泵吸式施肥装置对棉花产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(2): 271-278.
[6]	高新, 汪烨霖, 朱泰武, 李剑峰, 王重, 时佳, 王春生, 张宏芝, 王立红, 樊哲儒, 张跃强. 不同施氮量对春小麦灌浆速率和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(2): 310-317.
[7]	孙法福, 赖宁, 耿庆龙, 李永福, 吕彩霞, 信会男, 李娜, 陈署晃. 基于SPAD值的滴灌冬小麦氮肥推荐模型分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(10): 2366-2373.
[8]	成志慧, 李红梅, 赵红梅, 涂永峰, 宋海英, 盛建东. ¹⁵N同位素标记氮肥减施棉田养分利用效率分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(1): 34-41.
[9]	杨国江, 陈云, 林祥群, 何江勇, 刘盛林, 曲永清. 氮肥减施下有机肥替代对滴灌棉花产量、氮素吸收利用及土壤硝态氮的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2138-2145.
[10]	李怀胜, 艾洪玉, 孟玲, 王贺亚, 张磊, 艾海峰. 减氮下运筹养分吸收高峰期追施比例对春小麦的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 1866-1872.
[11]	段松江, 彭增莹, 申莹莹, 木丽迪尔·拜波拉提, 吴一凡, 崔建平, 张巨松. 不同海岛棉品种产量及纤维品质对氮肥的响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(7): 1569-1579.
[12]	董德誉, 程宇坤, 王睿, 雷钧杰, 王伟, 陈传信, 张永强, 耿洪伟. 基于无人机多光谱影像反演不同生育期小麦光合参数分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(6): 1308-1318.
[13]	张永强, 陈传信, 徐其江, 聂石辉, 雷钧杰, 刘昌文. 氮肥增效剂与氮肥减量配施对冬小麦叶片生理及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(6): 1319-1325.
[14]	江柱, 张江辉, 白云岗, 杨鹏年, 刘洪波, 肖军, 刘旭辉. 膜下咸水滴灌水肥盐调控对棉花生长及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(6): 1389-1397.
[15]	刘兴宇, 袁建钰, 李广, 张娟, 徐万恒, 张霞霞. 陇中黄土高原春小麦品种和优化施肥[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(6): 1398-1405.