新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (2): 261-270.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.001
马辉1(), 罗单1, 李星星1, 田立文2(), 戴路1, 欧欢1, 艾麦尔江·阿布力提甫1, 阿孜古丽·阿布力孜1, 阿布都艾尼·阿布都维力1
收稿日期:
2023-07-30
出版日期:
2024-02-20
发布日期:
2024-03-19
通信作者:
田立文(1965-),男,安徽肥东人,研究员,研究方向为棉花轻简高效栽培,(E-mail)作者简介:
马辉(1979-),女,新疆昌吉人,正高级农艺师,研究方向为棉花栽培与生理生化,(E-mail)1543043221@qq.com
基金资助:
MA Hui1(), LUO Dan1, LI Xingxing1, TIAN Liwen2(), DAI Lu1, OU Huan1, AImaierjiang Abulitifu1, Aziguli Abulizi1, Abuduaini Abuduweili1
Received:
2023-07-30
Online:
2024-02-20
Published:
2024-03-19
Correspondence author:
TIAN Liwen(1965-), male,from Feidong, Anhui, professor, research direction:research and development of light, simple and efficient cotton production technology,(E-mail)Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】研究化学封顶对不同果枝数棉田株型和产量的影响及其评价指标的筛选,分析棉花化学封顶剂摇钱素和向铃转的最佳施药时期,优选化学封顶效果评价指标,为化学封顶筛选应用提供支撑。【方法】采用完全随机区组试验设计,以人工打顶为对照,选择化学封顶剂摇钱素和向铃转,分别设置果枝数9台时、果枝数10台时、果枝数11台时、果枝数12台时4个化学封顶处理,测量棉花株高及株高增长量、倒1果枝~倒4果枝长度、有效果枝数、单株果节数、茎粗、主茎节间数、棉铃空间分布和籽棉产量。【结果】与人工打顶相比,果枝数9台时化学封顶处理的棉花株高显著增加,果枝数10台时施用向铃转、果枝数11台和12台时喷施摇钱素后单株果节数增加,化学封顶后主茎节间数增多、倒1果枝~倒4果枝长度变短,果枝数10台时施用向铃转后有效果枝率、化学封顶后茎粗、除果枝数9台时喷施摇钱素后上部铃占比外棉铃空间分布均变化不大。果枝数10台时喷施向铃转、果枝数11台和12台时喷施摇钱素后籽棉产量与人工打顶相比差异不显著。单株有效果枝率(以下简称果枝率)可作为化学封顶对棉花株型调控的评价指标。【结论】果枝数10台时喷施向铃转、果枝数11台时喷施摇钱素后棉花有效果枝率和单株果节数最高、株高增长量不高、籽棉产量不降低,有效果枝率可用于评价化学封顶对棉花株型调控的首选指标。
中图分类号:
马辉, 罗单, 李星星, 田立文, 戴路, 欧欢, 艾麦尔江·阿布力提甫, 阿孜古丽·阿布力孜, 阿布都艾尼·阿布都维力. 化学封顶对不同果枝数棉田株型和产量的影响及其评价指标的筛选[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(2): 261-270.
MA Hui, LUO Dan, LI Xingxing, TIAN Liwen, DAI Lu, OU Huan, AImaierjiang Abulitifu, Aziguli Abulizi, Abuduaini Abuduweili. Effects of chemical topping on plant architecture and yield of cotton with different fruit branch numbers and its screening of evaluation indicators[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(2): 261-270.
序号 Order number | 处理 Treatment | 化学封顶剂 Chemical topping agent | 封顶方法 Topping method |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 果枝数9台时化学封顶 | 向铃转 摇钱素 | 化学封顶 |
2 | 果枝数10台时化学封顶 | ||
3 | 果枝数11台时化学封顶 | ||
4 | 果枝数12台时化学封顶 | ||
5 | 果枝数9台时人工封顶 | 无 | 人工打顶 |
表1 化学封顶和人工打顶处理
Tab.1 Chemical topping and manual topping treatment table
序号 Order number | 处理 Treatment | 化学封顶剂 Chemical topping agent | 封顶方法 Topping method |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 果枝数9台时化学封顶 | 向铃转 摇钱素 | 化学封顶 |
2 | 果枝数10台时化学封顶 | ||
3 | 果枝数11台时化学封顶 | ||
4 | 果枝数12台时化学封顶 | ||
5 | 果枝数9台时人工封顶 | 无 | 人工打顶 |
图2 喷施向铃转后棉花株高及株高增长量变化 注:不同小写字母表示差异达5%显著水平,下同
Fig.2 Plant height and plant height increased amount of cotton after spraying Xianglingzhuan Note:Different small letters in a column mean significant at 5% levels, the same as below
处理 Treatment | 果枝数9台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 9 | 果枝数10台 时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 10 | 果枝数11台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 11 | 果枝数12台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number12 | 人工打顶 Manual topping |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
向铃转Xianglingzhuan | 42.2ab | 54.1a | 45.9ab | 38.9b | 54.8a |
摇钱素Yaoqiansu | 40.3b | 38.6b | 44.9b | 42.7b | 57a |
表2 喷施向铃转、摇钱素后棉花有效果枝率变化
Tab.2 Effective branch rate of cotton after spraying Xianglingzhuan and Yaoqiansu (%)
处理 Treatment | 果枝数9台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 9 | 果枝数10台 时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 10 | 果枝数11台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 11 | 果枝数12台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number12 | 人工打顶 Manual topping |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
向铃转Xianglingzhuan | 42.2ab | 54.1a | 45.9ab | 38.9b | 54.8a |
摇钱素Yaoqiansu | 40.3b | 38.6b | 44.9b | 42.7b | 57a |
处理 Treatment | 果枝数9台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 9 | 果枝数10台 时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 10 | 果枝数11台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 11 | 果枝数12台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number12 | 人工打顶 Manual topping |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
向铃转Xianglingzhuan | 21.4ab | 25.7a | 24.4ab | 24.15ab | 20.9b |
摇钱素Yaoqiansu | 20.2bc | 20.15bc | 24.25a | 23.65ab | 17.4c |
表3 喷施向铃转、摇钱素后棉花单株果节数变化
Tab.3 Fruit nodes number per plant of cotton after spraying Xianglingzhuan and Yaoqiansu
处理 Treatment | 果枝数9台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 9 | 果枝数10台 时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 10 | 果枝数11台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 11 | 果枝数12台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number12 | 人工打顶 Manual topping |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
向铃转Xianglingzhuan | 21.4ab | 25.7a | 24.4ab | 24.15ab | 20.9b |
摇钱素Yaoqiansu | 20.2bc | 20.15bc | 24.25a | 23.65ab | 17.4c |
处理 Treatment | 果枝数9台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 9 | 果枝数10台 时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 10 | 果枝数11台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 11 | 果枝数12台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number12 | 人工打顶 Manual topping |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
向铃转Xianglingzhuan | 12.15a | 13.25a | 12.95a | 12.8a | 12.35a |
摇钱素Yaoqiansu | 12.15a | 12a | 12.45a | 12.55a | 11.6a |
表4 喷施向铃转、摇钱素后棉花茎粗变化
Tab.4 Stem diameter of cotton after spraying Xianglingzhuan and Yaoqiansu(cm)
处理 Treatment | 果枝数9台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 9 | 果枝数10台 时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 10 | 果枝数11台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 11 | 果枝数12台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number12 | 人工打顶 Manual topping |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
向铃转Xianglingzhuan | 12.15a | 13.25a | 12.95a | 12.8a | 12.35a |
摇钱素Yaoqiansu | 12.15a | 12a | 12.45a | 12.55a | 11.6a |
处理 Treatment | 果枝数9台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 9 | 果枝数10台 时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 10 | 果枝数11台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 11 | 果枝数12台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number12 | 人工打顶 Manual topping |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
向铃转Xianglingzhuan | 18.35ab | 19.65ab | 19.8ab | 20.3a | 16.55c |
摇钱素Yaoqiansu | 18.3bc | 18c | 19.1ab | 19.5a | 16.25d |
表5 喷施向铃转、摇钱素后棉花主茎节间数变化
Tab.5 Main stem internodes number of cotton after spraying Xianglingzhuan and Yaoqiansu
处理 Treatment | 果枝数9台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 9 | 果枝数10台 时化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 10 | 果枝数11台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number 11 | 果枝数12台时 化学封顶 Chemical topping with fruit branch number12 | 人工打顶 Manual topping |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
向铃转Xianglingzhuan | 18.35ab | 19.65ab | 19.8ab | 20.3a | 16.55c |
摇钱素Yaoqiansu | 18.3bc | 18c | 19.1ab | 19.5a | 16.25d |
图9 籽棉产量、棉花株型相关性状间皮尔逊关联度系数变化 注:*表示P在0.05水平上达到显著水平;**表示P在0.01水平上达到极显著水平
Fig.9 Pearson correlation coefficient between seed cotton yield and cotton plant architecture related traits Note:*indicates that P reaches a significant level at the 0.05 level ;**indicates that P reaches extremely significant level at 0.01 level
性状 Traits | 关联度 Correlation degree | 排名 Rank |
---|---|---|
株高增长量 Plant height increased | 0.613 | 6 |
有效果枝率 Effective branch rate | 0.780 | 1 |
倒1果枝~倒4果枝长度 Length of the inverse first fruit branch to the inverse fourth fruit branch | 0.732 | 3 |
茎粗 Stem diameter | 0.726 | 4 |
单株果节数 Fruit nodes number per plant | 0.772 | 2 |
主茎节间数 Main stem internodes number | 0.688 | 5 |
表6 籽棉产量与棉花株型相关性状的灰色关联度变化
Tab.6 Grey correlation degree between seed cotton yield and cotton plant architecture related traits
性状 Traits | 关联度 Correlation degree | 排名 Rank |
---|---|---|
株高增长量 Plant height increased | 0.613 | 6 |
有效果枝率 Effective branch rate | 0.780 | 1 |
倒1果枝~倒4果枝长度 Length of the inverse first fruit branch to the inverse fourth fruit branch | 0.732 | 3 |
茎粗 Stem diameter | 0.726 | 4 |
单株果节数 Fruit nodes number per plant | 0.772 | 2 |
主茎节间数 Main stem internodes number | 0.688 | 5 |
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