播期与密度双因素对陆地棉生长发育及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.03.003

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (3): 547-555.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.03.003

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

播期与密度双因素对陆地棉生长发育及产量的影响

张俊尧¹(), 王家勇¹, 唐江华¹, 娄善伟²(), 李文珊¹, 徐文修¹(), 孟令贻¹, 何洪涛³, 桑军民³

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所/国家棉花工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.沙湾市双泉农业合作社,新疆沙湾 834709

收稿日期:2023-07-25 出版日期:2024-03-20 发布日期:2024-04-19
通信作者: 徐文修(1962-),女,河北蠡县人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为绿洲农作制度与资源高效利用,(E-mail)xjxwx@sina.com;
娄善伟(1982-),男,山东日照人,研究员,博士,研究方向为棉花栽培与生理,(E-mail)wei.lou@163.com
作者简介:张俊尧(1997-),男,新疆沙湾人,硕士,研究生,研究方向为棉花高产栽培,(E-mail)764749184@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2301205-03);国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1001001)

Effect of sowing period and density on growth and development and yield of Gossypium hirsutum L.

ZHANG Junyao¹(), WANG Jiayong¹, TANG Jianghua¹, LOU Shanwei²(), LI Wenshan¹, XU Wenxiu¹(), MENG Lingyi¹, HE Hongtao³, SANG Junmin³

1. College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China
2. Economic crop research insitute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Cotton Engineering Technology Research center,Urumqi 830091,China
3. Shawan Shuangquan Agricultural Cooperative,Shawan Xinjiang 834709,China

Received:2023-07-25 Published:2024-03-20 Online:2024-04-19
Supported by:
National Key R & D Program Projects(2023YFD2301205-03);National Key R & D Program Projects(2020YFD1001001)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究不同播期与密度双因素对棉花生长的影响,分析不同播期下棉花高产的适宜种植密度。【方法】 2022年于新疆塔城地区沙湾市进行裂区试验,设置3个播期主区(4月11日、18日和25日,记作B₁、B₂、B₃),3个密度副区(18×10⁴、22.5×10⁴和27×10⁴株/hm²,记作M₁、M₂、M₃),研究播期与密度双因素对棉花出苗率、生育进程、农艺性状、干物质积累及产量的影响。【结果】 播后膜下5 cm地温高有利于棉花早出苗,且出苗率提高。在同一播期下,随种植密度的增加,棉花生育期延长,株高、茎粗、果枝数及单株铃数的平均值均显著降低。在同一密度下,播期推迟,棉花的平均生育期缩短,平均单株及群体干物质积累量下降,单株铃数显著降低,平均籽棉产量降低。早播条件下,高密度(M₃,27×10⁴株/hm²)籽棉产量最高,为7 519.70 kg/hm²。中播或晚播条件下,中等密度(M₂,22.5×10⁴株/hm²)产量较高,分别为7 671.90和6 913.27 kg/hm²。【结论】 在气候适宜的情况下应适期提早播种,播期为4月11日时适宜的种植密度为27×10⁴株/hm²(M₃),播期为4月18日(B₂)或4月25日(B₃)时种植密度为22.5×10⁴株/hm²(M₂)有利于棉花产量的提高。

关键词: 棉花; 播期; 种植密度; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of different combinations of sowing period and density on the growth of cotton and investigate the suitable planting density for high cotton yield under different sowing periods.【Methods】 The experiment was conducted in Shawan City,the Tacheng region of Xinjiang in 2022 by using a split-zone experimental design with three main sowing zones,(April 11,April 18 and April 25,remember B₁,B₂,B₃),and three density sub-zones (180,000,225,000 and 270,000 plants/hm², renember M₁,M₂,M₃),respectively,to study the effects of the two factors of sowing and density on seedling emergence,fertility process,agronomic traits,dry matter accumulation and yield of cotton.Afterwards,the effects of sowing and density on seedling rate,fertility,agronomic traits,dry matter accumulation and yield were studied.【Results】 The results showed that high ground temperature under the film 5 cm after sowing was beneficial to early emergence of cotton,and the emergence rate was increased.Under the same sowing period,with the increase of planting density,the fertility period of cotton was prolonged and the mean values of plant height,stem thickness,number of fruiting branches and number of boll per plant were significantly reduced.Under the same density,the average fertility period of cotton was shortened with delayed sowing,the average dry matter accumulation per plant and population was decreased,the number of boll per plant was significantly lower,and the average seed cotton yield was reduced.Under the early sowing condition,the highest seed cotton yield was 7,519.70 kg/hm² at high density(M₃,270,000 plants/hm²),and the higher yield was 7,671.90 and 6,913.27 kg/hm² at medium or late sowing conditions at medium density(M₂,225,000 plants/hm²),respectively.【Conclusion】 On balance,under suitable weather conditions,the appropriate planting density is 270,000 plants/hm²(M₃) when the sowing date is April 11,and 225,000 plants/hm²(M₂) when the sowing date is April 18(B₂) or April 25(B₃),which is conducive to the improvement of cotton yield.

Key words: cotton; sowing date; planting density; yield

中图分类号:

S562

张俊尧, 王家勇, 唐江华, 娄善伟, 李文珊, 徐文修, 孟令贻, 何洪涛, 桑军民. 播期与密度双因素对陆地棉生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(3): 547-555.

ZHANG Junyao, WANG Jiayong, TANG Jianghua, LOU Shanwei, LI Wenshan, XU Wenxiu, MENG Lingyi, HE Hongtao, SANG Junmin. Effect of sowing period and density on growth and development and yield of Gossypium hirsutum L.[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(3): 547-555.

图/表 7

参考文献 36

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处理 Treatment		出苗率 Emergence rate(%)	出苗天数 Emergence days(d)	播种至出苗膜下 5 cm平均地温(℃) Average ground temperature from sowing to 5 cm below the emergence film
B₁	M₁	86.98^c	8.00	16.87
	M₂	88.96^bc	8.00	16.87
	M₃	88.64^c	9.00	17.26
B₂	M₁	92.50^a	6.00	19.14
	M₂	94.25^a	7.00	18.82
	M₃	93.97^a	6.00	19.14
B₃	M₁	90.08^ab	6.00	17.38
	M₂	93.21^a	6.00	17.38
	M₃	93.57^a	7.00	18.24

处理 Treatment		出苗率 Emergence rate(%)	出苗天数 Emergence days(d)	播种至出苗膜下 5 cm平均地温(℃) Average ground temperature from sowing to 5 cm below the emergence film
B₁	M₁	86.98^c	8.00	16.87
	M₂	88.96^bc	8.00	16.87
	M₃	88.64^c	9.00	17.26
B₂	M₁	92.50^a	6.00	19.14
	M₂	94.25^a	7.00	18.82
	M₃	93.97^a	6.00	19.14
B₃	M₁	90.08^ab	6.00	17.38
	M₂	93.21^a	6.00	17.38
	M₃	93.57^a	7.00	18.24

处理 Treatment		播种时间 Seeding time (月/日)	出苗期 Seedling stage (月/日)(d)	现蕾期 Budding stage (月/日)(d)	开花期 Flowering period (月/日)(d)	吐絮期 Batting stage (月/日)(d)	生育期 Growth period (d)
B₁	M₁	4/11	4/19(8)	5/25(36)	6/21(27)	8/24(64)	135
	M₂	4/11	4/19(8)	5/26(37)	6/20(25)	8/25(66)	136
	M₃	4/11	4/20(9)	5/26(36)	6/20(25)	8/26(67)	137
B₂	M₁	4/18	4/24(6)	5/27(33)	6/22(26)	8/27(66)	131
	M₂	4/18)	4/25(7)	5/28(33)	6/22(25)	8/28(67)	132
	M₃	4/18	4/24(6)	5/28(34)	6/21(24)	8/30(70)	134
B₃	M₁	4/25	5/1(6)	6/1(31)	6/26(25)	8/31(66)	128
	M₂	4/25	5/1(6)	6/2(32)	6/26(24)	9/2(68)	130
	M₃	4/25	5/1(6)	6/2(32)	6/25(23)	9/4(71)	132

处理 Treatment		播种时间 Seeding time (月/日)	出苗期 Seedling stage (月/日)(d)	现蕾期 Budding stage (月/日)(d)	开花期 Flowering period (月/日)(d)	吐絮期 Batting stage (月/日)(d)	生育期 Growth period (d)
B₁	M₁	4/11	4/19(8)	5/25(36)	6/21(27)	8/24(64)	135
	M₂	4/11	4/19(8)	5/26(37)	6/20(25)	8/25(66)	136
	M₃	4/11	4/20(9)	5/26(36)	6/20(25)	8/26(67)	137
B₂	M₁	4/18	4/24(6)	5/27(33)	6/22(26)	8/27(66)	131
	M₂	4/18)	4/25(7)	5/28(33)	6/22(25)	8/28(67)	132
	M₃	4/18	4/24(6)	5/28(34)	6/21(24)	8/30(70)	134
B₃	M₁	4/25	5/1(6)	6/1(31)	6/26(25)	8/31(66)	128
	M₂	4/25	5/1(6)	6/2(32)	6/26(24)	9/2(68)	130
	M₃	4/25	5/1(6)	6/2(32)	6/25(23)	9/4(71)	132

处理 Treatment		株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem thickness (mm)	果枝数 Number of fruit branches (个)	果枝始节位 The fruit branch begins to node	果枝始节高度 Height at the beginning of fruit branches (cm)	子叶节高 Cotyledon nodes high (cm)
B1	M₁	92.06^ab	13.78^a	12.33^a	5.88^de	27.39^c	4.24^b
	M₂	88.58^c	12.19^b	11.67^b	5.72^de	26.06^d	4.06^b
	M₃	80.68^e	10.78^c	10.67^c	5.56^e	25.93^d	4.02^b
B₂	M₁	93.96^ab	13.55^a	11.67^b	6.00^cd	28.91^ab	5.47^a
	M₂	89.52^c	12.43^b	11.33^b	5.94^cd	28.57^b	5.28^a
	M₃	82.84^e	11.50^c	10.33^cd	5.83^de	27.61^c	5.55^a
B₃	M₁	94.80^a	14.13^a	10.67^bc	6.71^a	29.38^a	6.03^a
	M₂	91.65^b	12.99^b	10.00^bc	6.35^b	28.88^ab	6.01^a
	M₃	84.63^d	11.83^c	9.67^d	6.25^bc	28.51^b	5.94^a
	B	^**	^*	^**	^*	^**	^**
	M	^**	^**	^**	NS	^**	NS
	B×M	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

播期与密度双因素对陆地棉生长发育及产量的影响

Effect of sowing period and density on growth and development and yield of Gossypium hirsutum L.

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Metrics

处理 Treatment		收获株数 Harvested plants (10⁴株/hm²)	单铃重 Single boll weight (g)	单株铃数 Number of bolls per plant (个)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)
B₁	M₁	16.55^c	6.02^a	7.31^ab	7 278.18^cd
	M₂	19.70^b	5.85^a	6.41^cd	7 391.48^bc
	M₃	24.35^a	5.80^a	5.32^e	7 519.70^ab
B₂	M₁	16.95^c	6.01^a	7.42^a	7 560.65^a
	M₂	19.80^b	5.96^a	6.50^c	7 671.90^a
	M₃	23.70^a	5.57^a	5.33^e	7 034.91^de
B₃	M₁	16.35^c	6.06^a	6.95^b	6 887.04^e
	M₂	20.25^b	5.68^a	6.01^d	6 913.27^e
	M₃	24.15^a	5.44^b	5.17^e	6 784.50^e
	B	NS	^*	^*	^**
	M	^**	^**	^**	^*
	B×M	NS	NS	NS	^**

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