有机液体肥对棉花冠层特征、产量和品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.03.004

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (3): 556-564.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.03.004

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

有机液体肥对棉花冠层特征、产量和品质的影响

赵后秀¹(), 郝先哲², 石峰¹, 李军宏¹, 梁琪¹, 王潭刚³, 田立文⁴, 罗宏海², 王军¹()

1.石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子 832003
2.新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所/农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室,新疆石河子 832000
3.新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所,新疆图木舒克 843900
4.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 83009

收稿日期:2023-08-05 出版日期:2024-03-20 发布日期:2024-04-19
通信作者: 王军(1980-),男,新疆人,研究员,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为作物高产生理与节水栽培,(E-mail)108689011@qq.com
作者简介:赵后秀(1999-),男,江苏宿迁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物高产生理与节水栽培,(E-mail)2545747822@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32260539)

Effects of organic liquid fertilizer on canopy characteristics,yield and quality of cotton

ZHAO Houxiu¹(), HAO Xianzhe², SHI Feng¹, LI Junhong¹, LIANG Qi¹, WANG Tangang³, TIAN Liwen⁴, LUO Honghai², WANG Jun¹()

1. Agricultural College of Shihezi University /Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003,China
2. Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Oasis Agriculture in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Farmland Water Conservancy and Soil Fertilizer,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China
3. Institute of Agricultural Science,the Third Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Tumushuke Xinjiang 843900,China
4. Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China

Received:2023-08-05 Online:2024-03-20 Published:2024-04-19
Correspondence author: WANG Jun(1980-),male,from Xinjiang, researcher,doctor,research direction of high yield physiology and water-saving cultivation of crops,(E-mail) 108689011@qq.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260539)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究有机液体肥对新疆南疆膜下滴灌棉花冠层特征、产量和品质的影响。【方法】 选用塔河2号为参试品种,以单施化肥棉田为对照(CK),设置有机液体肥处理(T₁、T₂、T₃、T₄、T₅),测定并分析不同处理下株高、主茎叶片数、叶面积指数、叶倾角、产量和品质的变化。【结果】 与CK相比,施用有机液体肥提高了棉花株高、主茎叶片数、叶面积指数、叶倾角与地上部生物量。当籽棉产量达到6 000 kg/hm²以上时,棉花株高、主茎叶片数、叶面积指数和叶倾角较CK分别增加1.3~10.3 cm、2.0~2.3片、1.7~2.9、5.6~9.3°,营养和生殖器官干物质重较CK分别增加了1.3~25.7和0.1~44.5 g/株。且当籽棉产量超过6 000 kg/hm²时,籽棉产量、单铃重、总铃数较CK分别增加了17.2%~31.9%、15.5%~28.8%和3.5%~10.1%。此外,与CK相比,施用有机液体肥还提高了棉花上半部纤维平均长度、整齐度和断裂比强度。【结论】 与单施化肥相比,施用有机液体肥能够改善棉花冠层结构,促进干物质积累,增产提质,且成本低,易操作,适合新疆南疆棉区推广应用。

关键词: 棉花; 有机液体肥; 品质; 产量; 冠层特征

Abstract:

【Objective】 To ascertain the effects of organic liquid fertilizer on canopy characteristics,yield and quality of cotton under membrane drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】 Tahe No.2 was selected as the test variety,and the cotton field with single fertilizer application was used as the control(CK).Organic liquid fertilizer treatment(carried out in the five fields of T₁,T₂,T₃,T₄ and T₅) was set.The changes of plant height,main stem and leaf number,leaf area index,leaf dip angle,yield and quality under different treatments were measured and analyzed.【Results】 Compared with CK,the application of organic liquid fertilizer increased plant height,leaf number,leaf area index,leaf inclination and aboveground biomass of cotton.When the seed cotton yield reached 6,000 kg/hm²,plant height,leaf number of main stem,leaf area index and leaf inclination angle increased by 1.3-10.3 cm,2.0-2.3,1.7-2.9 and 5.6-9.3° compared with CK,respectively.Compared with CK,the dry matter weight of nutrition and reproductive organs increased by 1.3-25.7 g/plant and 0.1-44.5 g/plant,respectively.When the seed cotton yield exceeded 6,000 kg/hm²,the seed cotton yield,single boll weight and total boll number increased by 17.2%-31.9%,15.5%-28.8% and 3.5%-10.1% compared with CK,respectively.In addition,compared with CK,the average length,uniformity and breaking strength of the top half of cotton were improved by applying organic liquid fertilizer.【Conclusion】 Compared with single application of chemical fertilizer,the application of organic liquid fertilizer can improve cotton canopy structure,promote dry matter accumulation,increase yield and improve quality with low cost and easy operation,which is suitable for popularization and application in cotton area in southern Xinjiang.

Key words: cotton; organic liquid fertilizer; quality; yield; canopy characteristics

中图分类号:

S562

赵后秀, 郝先哲, 石峰, 李军宏, 梁琪, 王潭刚, 田立文, 罗宏海, 王军. 有机液体肥对棉花冠层特征、产量和品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(3): 556-564.

ZHAO Houxiu, HAO Xianzhe, SHI Feng, LI Junhong, LIANG Qi, WANG Tangang, TIAN Liwen, LUO Honghai, WANG Jun. Effects of organic liquid fertilizer on canopy characteristics,yield and quality of cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(3): 556-564.

图/表 11

参考文献 28

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施肥模式 Fertilization model	试验点 Experimental site	条田号 Strip number
有机液体肥处理 Organic liquid fertilizer treatment	44团中队	44-中-2(T₁)
	49团9连	49-9-南(T₂)
	51团4连	51-4(T₃)
	53团4连	53-4-14(T₄)
	53团7连	53-7-1(T₅)
单施化肥处理 Single fertilizer treatment	53团4连	53-4-14(CK)

施肥模式 Fertilization model	试验点 Experimental site	条田号 Strip number
有机液体肥处理 Organic liquid fertilizer treatment	44团中队	44-中-2(T₁)
	49团9连	49-9-南(T₂)
	51团4连	51-4(T₃)
	53团4连	53-4-14(T₄)
	53团7连	53-7-1(T₅)
单施化肥处理 Single fertilizer treatment	53团4连	53-4-14(CK)

条田号 Tiaoda	有机质 Organic matter (g/ kg)	碱解氮 Alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen (mg/ kg)	速效磷 Rapid available phosphorus (mg/ kg)	速效钾 Rapidly available potassium (mg/ kg)	pH
44-中-2 (T₁)	12.67	68.56	12.45	74.16	7.9
49-9-南 (T₂)	13.58	69.23	13.65	78.85	7.8
51-4 (T₃)	14.85	71.65	12.31	76.34	7.7
53-4-14 (T₄)	14.12	69.83	11.98	72.65	7.8
53-7-1 (T₅)	12.24	70.06	12.03	77.42	7.9
CK	14.12	69.83	11.98	77.65	7.8

条田号 Tiaoda	有机质 Organic matter (g/ kg)	碱解氮 Alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen (mg/ kg)	速效磷 Rapid available phosphorus (mg/ kg)	速效钾 Rapidly available potassium (mg/ kg)	pH
44-中-2 (T₁)	12.67	68.56	12.45	74.16	7.9
49-9-南 (T₂)	13.58	69.23	13.65	78.85	7.8
51-4 (T₃)	14.85	71.65	12.31	76.34	7.7
53-4-14 (T₄)	14.12	69.83	11.98	72.65	7.8
53-7-1 (T₅)	12.24	70.06	12.03	77.42	7.9
CK	14.12	69.83	11.98	77.65	7.8

滴水次数 Number of drops	滴水时间 Date (M/D)	施肥 Apply fertilizer (kg/hm²)	养分含量 Nutrient content (N-P₂O₅- K₂O)g/L
1	6/15~6/20	300	110-60-20
2	6/25~6/30	450	110-60-20
3	7/5~7/10	300	110-60-50
4	7/15~7/20	450	110-60-50
5	7/20~7/30	450	110-60-50
6	8/10~8/15	150	110-60-50
7	8/15~8/20	150	110-60-50

有机液体肥对棉花冠层特征、产量和品质的影响

Effects of organic liquid fertilizer on canopy characteristics,yield and quality of cotton

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Metrics

条田号 Tiaoda	地上营养器官干物质重(茎、叶) Dry matter weight of aboveground vegetative organs(stems,leaves)					生殖器官干物质重(蕾、花、铃) Dry matter weight of reproductive organs(bud,flower,bell)
条田号 Tiaoda	盛蕾期 Full squaring stage	盛花期 Full flowering stage	盛铃期 Full boll stage	盛铃后期 Later full boll stage	吐絮期 Boll opening stage	盛蕾期 Full squaring stage	盛花期 Full flowering stage	盛铃期 Full boll stage	盛铃后期 Later full boll stage	吐絮期 Boll opening stage
T₁	7.4^b	23.6^b	33.5^b	41.5^ab	50.5^a	0.1^b	3.1^b	16.6^ab	38.5^a	79.1^b
T₂	5.0^c	21.5^bc	25.0^c	35.9^bc	43.4^ab	0.1^b	3.1^b	16.7^ab	37.1^a	71.0^b
T₃	10.2^a	32.0^a	42.3^a	51.1^a	54.3^a	0.4^a	7.4^a	29.0^a	44.8^a	98.9^a
T₄	4.3^c	19.5^bc	26.6^c	28.4^cd	44.1^ab	0.1^b	4.2^ab	16.7^ab	39.5^a	69.3^b
T₅	6.6^b	22.1^bc	25.4^c	36.3^bc	43.5^ab	0.1^b	3.3^b	16.2^ab	38.9^a	71.6^b
CK	3.7^c	18.3^c	21.4^c	25.5^d	34.6^b	0.1^b	2.5^b	11.5^b	29.1^b	54.4^c

条田号 Tiaoda	单位面积株数 Per unit area plant No. (10⁴/hm²)	单株铃数 Boll No.per plant	总铃数 Total boll No. (10⁴/hm²)	单铃重 Boll mass (g)	籽棉产量 Seed yield (kg/hm²)
T₁	17.3±0.5 ^c	4.5±0.4 ^b	77.1±6.2 ^b	6.5±0.6 ^a	5 004 ^c
T₂	23.8± 0.4 ^ab	4.6±0.3 ^b	109.1±5.8 ^a	5.8±0.3 ^bc	6 322 ^b
T₃	16.9±0.6 ^c	6.9±0.5 ^a	117.1±4.4 ^a	6.6±0.5 ^a	7 682 ^a
T₄	21.3±1.4 ^b	4.9±0.2 ^b	105.7±6.1 ^a	5.5±0.3 ^cd	5 771 ^bc
T₅	25.1±1.2 ^a	3.6±0.3 ^c	91.2±5.0 ^b	6.3±0.3 ^ab	5 274 ^c
CK	22.7±2.7 ^ab	4.7±0.4 ^b	105.3±7.1 ^a	4.9±0.6 ^d	5 228 ^c

条田号 Tiaoda	上半部平均长度 Average length of upper half(mm)	整齐度 Uniformity (%)	马克隆值 Macron value	断裂比强度 Specific strength at break(cN/tex)	伸长率 Elongation
T₁	29.6±1.2 ^b	84.2±0.8 ^a	4.4±0.4 ^c	30.1±1.6 ^b	6.8±0.1 ^b
T₂	27.3±0.8 ^cd	82.9±1.2 ^b	5.4±0.1 ^a	27.7±1.7 ^c	6.6±0.1 ^c
T₃	30.5±1.4 ^a	84.4±0.7 ^a	4.7±0.2 ^b	32.9±1.5 ^a	6.9±0.1 ^a
T₄	28.2±1.0 ^c	83.1±1.1 ^b	4.8±0.1 ^b	28.9±1.4 ^bc	6.7±0.1 ^c
T₅	27.5±0.4 ^cd	82.9±1.2 ^b	5.3±0.1 ^a	27.9±1.0 ^c	6.6±0.1 ^c
CK	27.1±0.4 ^cd	82.8±1.2 ^b	4.3±0.2 ^c	28.6±1.0 ^c	6.6±0.1 ^c

生育时期 Growth stage	产量及其构成 Yield and components	株高 Plant height	主茎叶数 Leaf number of the main culm	叶面积指数 Leaf area index	叶倾角 Leaf angle	地上营养器官干物质重 Dry matter weight of aboveground nutrient organs	地上生殖器官干物质重 Dry matter weight of aboveground reproductive organs
P₁	单位面积株数	-0.225	-0.327	-0.354	-0.424	-0.794	-0.624
	总铃数	0.411	0.499	0.511	-0.083	0.176	0.463
	单铃重	0.590	0.622	0.616	0.866^*	0.791	0.657
	籽棉产量	0.715	0.888^*	0.860^*	0.479	0.724	0.889^*
P₂	单位面积株数	-0.061	-0.097	-0.168	-0.497	-0.757	-0.585
	总铃数	0.373	0.550	0.500	0.251	0.080	0.373
	单铃重	0.566	0.422	0.607	0.762	0.864^*	0.799
	籽棉产量	0.641	0.807	0.817^*	0.744	0.673	0.801
P₃	单位面积株数	-0.105	0.300	-0.219	-0.300	-0.709	-0.659
	总铃数	0.390	0.444	0.469	0.398	-0.001	0.160
	单铃重	0.570	-0.073	0.638	0.595	0.921^**	0.863
	籽棉产量	0.662	0.365	0.816^*	0.747	0.623	0.726

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