化肥减量配施微生物菌肥对膜下滴灌红花生长发育及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.04.001

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (4): 781-790.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.04.001

• 红花规范生产技术研究专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

化肥减量配施微生物菌肥对膜下滴灌红花生长发育及产量的影响

贾东海¹, 宋贤明¹^,², 顾元国¹, 李强¹(), 曾幼玲², 苗昊翠¹, 郭美丽³, 侯献飞¹()

1.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,乌鲁木齐 830017
3.海军军医大学药学系,上海 200433

收稿日期:2023-09-03 出版日期:2024-04-20 发布日期:2024-05-31
通信作者: 侯献飞(1989- ),男,甘肃庆阳人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为油料作物遗传育种,(E-mail)hou544805196@163.com；
李强(1980-),男,河南郑州人,研究员,博士,研究方向为油料作物育种与栽培,(E-mail)lq19820302@126.com
作者简介:贾东海(1980- ),男,新疆人,研究员,研究方向为油料作物育种与栽培,(E-mail)545507831@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目“新疆红花高产、优质品种筛选及丰产增效技术研究”(2023B02005-1);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目“新疆特色经济作物种质资源创制与新品种选育”(ZYYD2022C04)

Effect of reducing chemical fertilizer and applying microbial one on the growth and yield of Carthamus tinctorius L. under mulch drip irrigation

JIA Donghia¹, SONG Xianming¹^,², GU Yuanguo¹, LI Qiang¹(), ZENG Youling², MIAO Haocui¹, GUO Meili³, HOU Xianfei¹()

1. Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
2. College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
3. Department of Pharmacy, Naval Military Medical University, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China

Received:2023-09-03 Published:2024-04-20 Online:2024-05-31
Correspondence author: HOU Xianfei (1989-), male, from Qingyang, Gansu, assistant researcher, research area: oil crop genetic breeding male, (E-mail)hou544805196@163.com；
LI Qiang (1980-),male, from Zhengzhou, Henan, researcher, Ph.D.,research area: oil crop breeding and cultivation, (E-mail)lq19820302@126.com
Supported by:
Key research and development Projects of Xinjing Uygur Autonomous Region“Xinjiang safflower high yield, high quality variety screening and high yield and efficiency technology research”(2023B02005-1);Creation of germplasm resources and selection of new varieties of economic crops with special characteristics in Xinjiang(ZYYD2022C04)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究化肥减量配施微生物菌肥对膜下滴灌红花生长发育及产量的影响。【方法】2020~2021年在新疆塔城地区裕民县设置2年定位施肥试验,采用裂区试验设计,设6个处理:(1)对照CK:不施肥;(2)CF:复合肥20 kg/667m²;(3)OF:微生物菌肥20 kg/667m²;(4)CF+25M:化肥15 kg/667m²(化肥减量25%)+微生物菌肥5 kg/667m²;(5)CF+37.5M:化肥12.5 kg/667m²(化肥减量37.5%)+微生物菌肥7.5 kg/667m²;(6)CF+50M:化肥10 kg/667m²(化肥减量50%)+微生物菌肥10 kg/667m²。研究不同施肥处理对红花农艺性状、干物质积累与分配和产量形成的影响。【结果】处理CF+25M和CF+37.5M有利于红花的生长发育,可以显著增加红花株高、分枝数、叶片数和叶绿素含量等,并能促进红花干物质积累,调节干物质分配,协调改善红花产量构成因素,从而增加红花花丝和籽粒产量。其中以CF+37.5M处理下红花综合性状表现最优,其单株果球数、千粒重、花丝产量和籽粒产量分别比CF处理显著提高了87.85%、12.29%、11.42%和15.78%,同时株高、根长和叶绿素含量亦均达到最高水平。【结论】化肥减量配施微生物菌肥CF+37.5M:化肥12.5 kg/667m²(化肥减量37.5%)+微生物菌肥7.5 kg/667m²最优,能有效降低化肥施用量,促进红花生长发育,从而提高肥料利用率。

关键词: 红花; 化肥减量; 微生物菌肥; 干物质积累; 生长; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effect of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer on the growth and development of Carthamus tinctorius L.. 【Methods】 From 2020 to 2021, a two-year located fertilization experiment was arranged in Yumin County, Tacheng Prefecture, Xinjiang. The split plot experiment design was adopted, and six treatments were set up: (1)CK:no fertilization;(2) CF:compound fertilizer of 20 kg/667m²;(3)OF:microbial bacterial fertilizer of 20 kg/667m²;(4) CF+25M:chemical fertilizer of 15 kg/667m²(chemical fertilizer reduction of 25%)+microbial bacterial fertilizer of 5 kg/667m²;(5) CF+37.5M:chemical fertilizer of 12.5 kg/667m²(chemical fertilizer decreased by 37.5%)+microbial bacterial fertilizer of 7.5 kg/667m²;(6) CF+50M:chemical fertilizer of 10 kg/667m²(chemical fertilizer decreased by 50%)+microbial bacterial fertilizer of 10 kg/667m². During the experiment, the effects of different fertilization treatments on the agronomic characters, dry matter accumulation and distribution, and yield formation of Carthamus tinctorius L. were studied. 【Results】 The results showed that CF+25M and CF+37.5M treatments were more conducive to the growth and development of Carthamus tinctorius L. than CF treatment, which could significantly increase the plant height, number of branches, number of leaves and chlorophyll content of Carthamus tinctorius L., promote the accumulation of dry matter of Carthamus tinctorius L., regulate the distribution of dry matter, coordinate and improve the yield components of Carthamus tinctorius L., thereby increasing the yield of Carthamus tinctorius L. filament and seed. Among them, the comprehensive performance of Carthamus tinctorius L. under CF+37.5M treatment was the best. The number of fruit balls per plant, 1,000 grain weight, filament yield and grain yield of Carthamus tinctorius L. under CF+37.5M treatment were significantly increased by 87.85%, 12.29%, 11.42% and 15.78%, respectively, compared with CF treatment. In addition, the plant height, root length and chlorophyll content of Carthamus tinctorius L. reached the highest level under CF+37.5M treatment. 【Conclusion】 Proper reduction of chemical fertilizer and application of microbial fertilizer (37.5% reduction of chemical fertilizer, 12.5 kg/667m² of chemical fertilizer+7.5 kg/667m² of microbial fertilizer) is an environmental protection fertilization scheme that can effectively reduce the application amount of chemical fertilizer. It can promote the growth and development of Carthamus tinctorius L. root system, improve the fertilizer utilization rate, so as to increase the dry matter accumulation of Carthamus tinctorius L., coordinate the yield composition of Carthamus tinctorius L..

Key words: Carthamus tinctorius L.; fertilizer reduction; microbial bacterial fertilizer; dry matter accumulation; growth; yield

中图分类号:

S567

贾东海, 宋贤明, 顾元国, 李强, 曾幼玲, 苗昊翠, 郭美丽, 侯献飞. 化肥减量配施微生物菌肥对膜下滴灌红花生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(4): 781-790.

JIA Donghia, SONG Xianming, GU Yuanguo, LI Qiang, ZENG Youling, MIAO Haocui, GUO Meili, HOU Xianfei. Effect of reducing chemical fertilizer and applying microbial one on the growth and yield of Carthamus tinctorius L. under mulch drip irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(4): 781-790.

图/表 6

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生育时期 Growth period	处理 Treatments	株高Plant height(cm)		茎粗Stem thick(cm)		根长Root length(cm)		叶片数Leaves number(个)		分枝数Branchs number(个)
生育时期 Growth period	处理 Treatments	2020年	2021年	2020年	2021年	2020年	2021年	2020年	2021年	2020年	2021年
伸长期 Elongation stage	CK	3.2±1.27^ab	12.8±1.51^c	4.4±0.77^b	5.6±0.89^a	7.9±2.75^a	12.3±3.11^a	9.3±1.52^a	8.3±0.58^a	/	/
	CF	2.2±1.39^b	13.4±1.01^bc	5.6±0.4^a	6.3±0.3^a	8.3±1.24^a	9.8±2.33^a	10.7±1.53^a	8±1^a	/	/
	OF	6.1±1.54^a	13.3±0.65^c	4.9±0.69^ab	6±0.71^a	8.6±1.43^a	11.5±2.35^a	9.7±1.15^a	8±1^a	/	/
	CF+25M	3.1±0.65^ab	15.7±0.87^a	5.3±0.99^ab	6.4±0.27^a	9.9±1.06^a	12.5±1.73^a	9.7±1.53^a	8.7±1.15^a	/	/
	CF+37.5M	3.7±0.91^ab	15.1±0.42^ab	5.6±0.3^a	5.9±0.37^a	7.6±1.63^a	11.1±0.75^a	11±1^a	8.3±2.08^a	/	/
	CF+50M	4.6±0.68^ab	15.7±1.17^a	6±0.73^a	6.5±0.4^a	9.4±1.68^a	12±1.76^a	10.7±1.53^a	8±1^a	/	/
分枝期 Branching stage	CK	19.1±0.83^b	35.6±1.4^c	6.7±1.3^b	7.3±0.66^b	10.1±0.96^a	14.9±1.71^b	18.3±1.31^a	19.3±1.15^c	/	/
	CF	21.4±0.91^ab	42.8±1.93^ab	8.1±0.33^a	8.1±0.81^ab	12.5±1.67^a	16.6±0.9^a	19.7±1.52^a	22.7±0.58^ab	/	/
	OF	20.3±0.98^ab	40.4±2.48^b	8.2±1.3^a	7.5±1.55^b	12.3±0.76^a	16.2±0.12^a	16±1^b	20.7±1.15c	/	/
	CF+25M	21.1±0.95^ab	44±1.9^a	7.5±0.62^a	8.4±0.43^ab	11.8±1.66^a	15.9±1.65^a	18±1.36^a	24.3±0.58a	/	/
	CF+37.5M	25.7±1.69^a	48.5±1.49^a	8.9±0.71^a	9.1±0.54^a	9.4±1.65^b	17.3±2.57^a	19±1^a	24.7±0.58a	/	/
	CF+50M	23.1±1.17^a	42.9±1.82^ab	7.4±0.76^a	7.6±0.44^b	10.5±1.44^a	17.4±1.05^a	19.3±1.53^a	24.7±1.15a	/	/
现蕾期 Budding stage	CK	55.6±3.84^b	70.8±2.2^c	7.8±0.2^c	8.5±0.32^b	15.2±1.2^b	17.5±1^bc	67.7±2.15^c	101±11.2^c	6.5±1^c	10.3±1.1^b
	CF	65.9±3.09^ab	74.6±1.08^ab	8.9±0.62^b	9.9±0.35^a	18.9±1.17^ab	18.6±1.96^abc	90.3±3.65^ab	112.7±6.56^bc	7±2.65^bc	10±2.06^b
	OF	63.6±2.75^ab	78.8±1.5^a	11.4±1.32^a	9.6±0.52^a	18.5±1.1^ab	20.5±1.1^ab	91±3.38^ab	152±11.35^ab	8±2^abc	11.7±1.53^a
	CF+25M	65.9±3.95^ab	74.4±1.97^bc	9.2±0.2^b	9.5±1.12^a	18.7±1.97^ab	19.5±1.7^ab	89±3.05^ab	149±7.17^ab	9.7±1.53^ab	13.3±1^a
	CF+37.5M	70±2.36^a	77.7±2.8^a	11.6±1.15^a	10.2±0.53^a	20.1±2.35^a	21.7±2.08^a	109.7±3.76^a	183±10.24^a	11±2.65^a	12.7±1.06^a
	CF+50M	57.1±3.03^b	72.3±2^c	9.3±0.52^b	9.3±0.91^a	15.8±1.37^b	16.8±1.63^c	98.3±3.13^ab	138±9.51^b	9.7±1.53^ab	9.7±1.08^b
开花期 Flowering stage	CK	65.1±2.4^b	71±1.05^b	9.9±0.72^b	9.1±0.43^b	17.1±2.39^a	18.2±2.96^a	100.3±9.66^c	158.3±9.68^c	10.7±0.89^b	8.3±0.58^c
	CF	70.2±3.77^a	76.3±3.62^ab	13.7±2.29^a	11.5±0.94^a	19.4±2.95^a	21.1±5.5^a	133±8.53^bc	179±10.03^b	10.7±2^b	9.3±1.15^b
	OF	73.2±3.37^a	79.9±2.72^a	12.8±2.56^a	10.5±0.68^a	18.6±2.84^a	20.4±2.36^a	170.7±5.08^b	173.3±11.65^b	12.3±1.65^ab	9.3±0.58^b
	CF+25M	71.5±2.79^a	76.7±1.55^ab	12±1.49^ab	10.2±0.63^a	18.9±1.57^a	20.7±2.61^a	195±10.59^a	257±9.58^a	15±0.58^a	13.3±1.15^a
	CF+37.5M	73.5±4.64^a	81.6±4.26^a	11.9±0.71^ab	10.8±0.99^a	20.8±3.27^a	22.5±1.69^a	226.7±8.26^a	259±12.13^a	14±1.61^a	15±2.65^a
	CF+50M	70.6±2.26^a	75.3±3.51^ab	10.9±0.96^ab	9.6±1.21^ab	18.1±1.77^a	18.9±2.6^a	175.7±8.17^ab	248±10.15^a	10.3±1.31^b	14.3±2.31^a

生育时期 Growth period	处理 Treatments	株高Plant height(cm)		茎粗Stem thick(cm)		根长Root length(cm)		叶片数Leaves number(个)		分枝数Branchs number(个)
生育时期 Growth period	处理 Treatments	2020年	2021年	2020年	2021年	2020年	2021年	2020年	2021年	2020年	2021年
伸长期 Elongation stage	CK	3.2±1.27^ab	12.8±1.51^c	4.4±0.77^b	5.6±0.89^a	7.9±2.75^a	12.3±3.11^a	9.3±1.52^a	8.3±0.58^a	/	/
	CF	2.2±1.39^b	13.4±1.01^bc	5.6±0.4^a	6.3±0.3^a	8.3±1.24^a	9.8±2.33^a	10.7±1.53^a	8±1^a	/	/
	OF	6.1±1.54^a	13.3±0.65^c	4.9±0.69^ab	6±0.71^a	8.6±1.43^a	11.5±2.35^a	9.7±1.15^a	8±1^a	/	/
	CF+25M	3.1±0.65^ab	15.7±0.87^a	5.3±0.99^ab	6.4±0.27^a	9.9±1.06^a	12.5±1.73^a	9.7±1.53^a	8.7±1.15^a	/	/
	CF+37.5M	3.7±0.91^ab	15.1±0.42^ab	5.6±0.3^a	5.9±0.37^a	7.6±1.63^a	11.1±0.75^a	11±1^a	8.3±2.08^a	/	/
	CF+50M	4.6±0.68^ab	15.7±1.17^a	6±0.73^a	6.5±0.4^a	9.4±1.68^a	12±1.76^a	10.7±1.53^a	8±1^a	/	/
分枝期 Branching stage	CK	19.1±0.83^b	35.6±1.4^c	6.7±1.3^b	7.3±0.66^b	10.1±0.96^a	14.9±1.71^b	18.3±1.31^a	19.3±1.15^c	/	/
	CF	21.4±0.91^ab	42.8±1.93^ab	8.1±0.33^a	8.1±0.81^ab	12.5±1.67^a	16.6±0.9^a	19.7±1.52^a	22.7±0.58^ab	/	/
	OF	20.3±0.98^ab	40.4±2.48^b	8.2±1.3^a	7.5±1.55^b	12.3±0.76^a	16.2±0.12^a	16±1^b	20.7±1.15c	/	/
	CF+25M	21.1±0.95^ab	44±1.9^a	7.5±0.62^a	8.4±0.43^ab	11.8±1.66^a	15.9±1.65^a	18±1.36^a	24.3±0.58a	/	/
	CF+37.5M	25.7±1.69^a	48.5±1.49^a	8.9±0.71^a	9.1±0.54^a	9.4±1.65^b	17.3±2.57^a	19±1^a	24.7±0.58a	/	/
	CF+50M	23.1±1.17^a	42.9±1.82^ab	7.4±0.76^a	7.6±0.44^b	10.5±1.44^a	17.4±1.05^a	19.3±1.53^a	24.7±1.15a	/	/
现蕾期 Budding stage	CK	55.6±3.84^b	70.8±2.2^c	7.8±0.2^c	8.5±0.32^b	15.2±1.2^b	17.5±1^bc	67.7±2.15^c	101±11.2^c	6.5±1^c	10.3±1.1^b
	CF	65.9±3.09^ab	74.6±1.08^ab	8.9±0.62^b	9.9±0.35^a	18.9±1.17^ab	18.6±1.96^abc	90.3±3.65^ab	112.7±6.56^bc	7±2.65^bc	10±2.06^b
	OF	63.6±2.75^ab	78.8±1.5^a	11.4±1.32^a	9.6±0.52^a	18.5±1.1^ab	20.5±1.1^ab	91±3.38^ab	152±11.35^ab	8±2^abc	11.7±1.53^a
	CF+25M	65.9±3.95^ab	74.4±1.97^bc	9.2±0.2^b	9.5±1.12^a	18.7±1.97^ab	19.5±1.7^ab	89±3.05^ab	149±7.17^ab	9.7±1.53^ab	13.3±1^a
	CF+37.5M	70±2.36^a	77.7±2.8^a	11.6±1.15^a	10.2±0.53^a	20.1±2.35^a	21.7±2.08^a	109.7±3.76^a	183±10.24^a	11±2.65^a	12.7±1.06^a
	CF+50M	57.1±3.03^b	72.3±2^c	9.3±0.52^b	9.3±0.91^a	15.8±1.37^b	16.8±1.63^c	98.3±3.13^ab	138±9.51^b	9.7±1.53^ab	9.7±1.08^b
开花期 Flowering stage	CK	65.1±2.4^b	71±1.05^b	9.9±0.72^b	9.1±0.43^b	17.1±2.39^a	18.2±2.96^a	100.3±9.66^c	158.3±9.68^c	10.7±0.89^b	8.3±0.58^c
	CF	70.2±3.77^a	76.3±3.62^ab	13.7±2.29^a	11.5±0.94^a	19.4±2.95^a	21.1±5.5^a	133±8.53^bc	179±10.03^b	10.7±2^b	9.3±1.15^b
	OF	73.2±3.37^a	79.9±2.72^a	12.8±2.56^a	10.5±0.68^a	18.6±2.84^a	20.4±2.36^a	170.7±5.08^b	173.3±11.65^b	12.3±1.65^ab	9.3±0.58^b
	CF+25M	71.5±2.79^a	76.7±1.55^ab	12±1.49^ab	10.2±0.63^a	18.9±1.57^a	20.7±2.61^a	195±10.59^a	257±9.58^a	15±0.58^a	13.3±1.15^a
	CF+37.5M	73.5±4.64^a	81.6±4.26^a	11.9±0.71^ab	10.8±0.99^a	20.8±3.27^a	22.5±1.69^a	226.7±8.26^a	259±12.13^a	14±1.61^a	15±2.65^a
	CF+50M	70.6±2.26^a	75.3±3.51^ab	10.9±0.96^ab	9.6±1.21^ab	18.1±1.77^a	18.9±2.6^a	175.7±8.17^ab	248±10.15^a	10.3±1.31^b	14.3±2.31^a

化肥减量配施微生物菌肥对膜下滴灌红花生长发育及产量的影响

Effect of reducing chemical fertilizer and applying microbial one on the growth and yield of Carthamus tinctorius L. under mulch drip irrigation

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