土壤水分对不同抗旱性春小麦品种叶片保护性酶活性及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.001

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (5): 1041-1047.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.001

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

土壤水分对不同抗旱性春小麦品种叶片保护性酶活性及产量的影响

张宏芝¹(), 王立红¹, 时佳¹, 孔德鹏², 王重¹, 高新¹, 李剑峰¹, 王春生¹, 夏建强¹, 樊哲儒¹(), 张跃强¹()

1.新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/新疆作物化学调控工程技术研究中心/新疆农作物生物技术重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆维吾尔自治区农业技术推广总站, 乌鲁木齐 830000

收稿日期:2023-10-11 出版日期:2024-05-20 发布日期:2024-07-09
通信作者: 樊哲儒(1964-),男,甘肃人,研究员,研究方向为小麦遗传育种, (E-mail)fzr518@163.com；
张跃强(1976-),男,新疆奇台人,研究员,研究方向为小麦遗传育种, (E-mail)zhangyqyhm@163.com
作者简介:张宏芝(1983-),男,甘肃永昌人,副研究员,研究方向为小麦高产栽培, (E-mail)dreamzhz@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区天山青年计划-杰出青年科技人才培养项目“新疆高产春小麦品种节水机制的生理生态学基础研究”(2020Q009);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项子课题“新疆小麦生产气象灾害防控关键技术研究与集成示范”(2022B02001-3)

Effects of soil moisture on leaf protective enzyme activities and yield of spring wheat cultivars with different drought resistance

ZHANG Hongzhi¹(), WANG Lihong¹, SHI Jia¹, KONG Depeng², WANG Zhong¹, GAO Xin¹, LI Jianfeng¹, WANG Chunsheng¹, XIA Jianqiang¹, FAN Zheru¹(), ZHANG Yueqiang¹()

1. Key Laboratory of Oasis-Desert Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation of Agricultural Ministry/Xinjiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Crop Chemical Regulation/ Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology / Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
2. Agricultural Technology Extension Master Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, China

Received:2023-10-11 Published:2024-05-20 Online:2024-07-09
Correspondence author: FAN Zheru(1964-), male, from Gansu, researcher, research direction: wheat mutation breeding, (E-mail)fzr518@163.com;
ZHANG Yueqiang(1976-), male, from Qitai, Xinjiang, researcher, research direction: wheat mutation breeding, (E-mail)zhangyqyhm@163.com
Supported by:
Tianshan Youth Plan-Cultivation Project for Outstanding Young Scientific and Technological Talents of Autonomous Region "Physiological and Ecological Basis Research on Water-saving Mechanism of High-Yield Spring Wheat Varieties in Xinjiang"(2020Q009);Sub-project of Major Science and Technology Special Project of the Autonomous Region "Research and Integrated Demonstration on Key Technologies of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Control in Wheat Production in Xinjiang"(2022B02001-3)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究土壤水分对不同抗旱性春小麦品种叶片保护性酶活性及产量的影响,为选育春小麦抗旱品种及制定节水高产措施提供理论依据。【方法】在大田条件下,以抗旱性较强的品种新春46号、抗旱性中等的品种新春37号、抗旱性较弱的品种新春26号为材料,设置3种水分处理,研究土壤水分对不同抗旱性春小麦品种旗叶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及产量的影响。【结果】随着水分亏缺程度的加剧,春小麦旗叶SOD、CAT活性在扬花期呈升高的趋势,而在灌浆期则呈先升高后降低的趋势;POD活性在扬花期呈先升高后降低的趋势,灌浆期则呈升高的趋势;MDA含量呈升高的趋势;SOD、POD活性表现为抗旱性较强的品种新春46号>抗旱性中等的品种新春37号>抗旱性较弱的品种新春26号,MDA活性在春小麦品种间则呈相反的趋势。收获穗数、穗粒数和产量均随着水分亏缺程度的加剧而降低,抗旱性较强的品种新春46号在有限灌溉和亏缺灌溉处理下,其收获穗数和穗粒数降低幅度小于新春37号和新春26号,且产量高于新春37号和新春26号。【结论】抗旱性较强的品种新春46号在有限灌溉和亏缺灌溉条件下,旗叶SOD、POD酶活性较高,MDA含量较低,活性氧清除能力较强,有效延缓了小麦植株的衰老,收获穗数和穗粒数较抗旱性中等的新春37号和抗旱性较弱的新春26号下降幅度低,在水分亏缺条件下有利于获得较高的产量。

关键词: 春小麦; 土壤水分; 抗旱性品种; 保护性酶活性; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】To study the effects of soil moisture on the yield of protective enzyme active agent in different drought-resistant varieties in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the breeding of drought-resistant spring wheat varieties.【Methods】Under field conditions, Xinchun 46 with strong drought resistance, Xinchun 37 with medium drought resistance and Xinchun 26 with weak drought resistance were used as experimental materials to study the effects of soil moisture on SOD, POD, CAT activities, MDA content and yield of flag leaves of spring wheat varieties with different drought resistance.【Results】With the increase of water deficit, the activities of SOD and CAT in flag leaves of wheat increased at flowering stage, and first increased and then decreased at filling stage.POD activity increased at flowering stage and then decreased, and increased at grout stage.MDA content showed an increasing trend.The SOD and POD activity of drought-resistant cultivar Xinchun 46 > drought-resistant medium cultivar Xinchun 37 > drought-resistant weak cultivar Xinchun 26 showed an opposite trend among varieties.The harvest panicle number, grain number per ear and yield decreased with the increase of water deficit.The harvest panicle number and grain number per ear of Xinchun 46 with strong drought resistance decreased less than those of Xinchun 37 and Xinchun 26 under limited irrigation and deficit irrigation, and the yield of Xinchun 46 under water deficit was higher than those of the other two varieties.【Conclusion】Under the condition of limited irrigation and deficit irrigation, the flag leaves of Xinchun 46 with strong drought resistance had higher SOD and POD enzyme activities, lower MDA content, and stronger active oxygen scavenging ability, which effectively delayed the senility of wheat plants.Compared with the cultivars with moderate drought resistance and weak drought resistance, the number of harvested ears and grain per ear decreased less, which was conducive to higher yield under the condition of water deficit.

Key words: spring wheat; soil moisture; drought-resistant varieties; protective activity; yield

中图分类号:

S512

张宏芝, 王立红, 时佳, 孔德鹏, 王重, 高新, 李剑峰, 王春生, 夏建强, 樊哲儒, 张跃强. 土壤水分对不同抗旱性春小麦品种叶片保护性酶活性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1041-1047.

ZHANG Hongzhi, WANG Lihong, SHI Jia, KONG Depeng, WANG Zhong, GAO Xin, LI Jianfeng, WANG Chunsheng, XIA Jianqiang, FAN Zheru, ZHANG Yueqiang. Effects of soil moisture on leaf protective enzyme activities and yield of spring wheat cultivars with different drought resistance[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(5): 1041-1047.

图/表 5

参考文献 20

[1]	Deng X P, Shan L, Zhang H P, et al. Improving agricultural water use efficiency in arid and semiarid areas of China[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2006, 80(1/2/3): 23-40.
[2]	屈艳萍, 高辉, 吕娟, 等. 基于区域灾害系统论的中国农业旱灾风险评估[J]. 水利学报, 2015, 46(8): 908-917.
	QU Yanping, GAO Hui, LYU Juan, et al. Agricultural drought disaster risk assessment in China based on the regional disaster system theory[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2015, 46(8): 908-917.
[3]	魏炜, 赵欣平, 吕辉, 等. 三种抗氧化酶在小麦抗干旱逆境中的作用初探[J]. 四川大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 40(6): 1172-1175.
	WEI Wei, ZHAO Xinping, LYU Hui, et al. The study of the function of three antioxidant enzymes in wheat leaf under drought stress[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Natural Science Edition), 2003, 40(6): 1172-1175.
[4]	孔东, 晏云, 段艳, 等. 不同水氮处理对冬小麦生长及产量影响的田间试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2008, 24(12): 36-40.
	KONG Dong, YAN Yun, DUAN Yan, et al. Field experiment on growth and yields of winter wheat under different water and nitrogen treatments[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2008, 24(12): 36-40.
[5]	张迪, 孙婷, 王冀川, 等. 不同水氮组合对滴灌冬小麦叶片保护性酶活性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(10): 1775-1785. DOI
	ZHANG Di, SUN Ting, WANG Jichuan, et al. Effects of different water and nitrogen combinations on protective enzyme activities and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(10): 1775-1785. DOI
[6]	Gill M B, Cai K F, Zhang G P, et al. Brassinolide alleviates the drought-induced adverse effects in barley by modulation of enzymatic antioxidants and ultrastructure[J]. Plant Growth Regulation, 2017, 82(3): 447-455.
[7]	Liu M X, Chen J J, Guo Z F, et al. Differential responses of polyamines and antioxidants to drought in a centipedegrass mutant in comparison to its wild type plants[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017, 8: 792. DOI PMID
[8]	李清瑶. 灌水量对强筋小麦旗叶衰老和籽粒发育特性的调控效应及其生理基础[D]. 秦皇岛: 河北科技师范学院, 2021.
	LI Qingyao. Effects of Irrigation Volume on Flag Leaf Senescence and Grain Development Characteristics of Strong Gluten Wheat and Its Physiological Basis[D]. Qinhuangdao: Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, 2021.
[9]	蔡昆争, 吴学祝, 骆世明, 等. 不同生育期水分胁迫对水稻根系活力、叶片水势和保护酶活性的影响[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2008, 29(2): 7-10.
	CAI Kunzheng, WU Xuezhu, LUO Shiming, et al. Effects of water stress at different growth stages on root activity, leaf water potential and protective enzymes activity in rice[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2008, 29(2): 7-10.
[10]	张永福, 黄鹤平, 银立新, 等. 冷(热)激对干旱胁迫下玉米活性氧清除及膜脂过氧化的调控机制[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2015, 43(5): 56-60.
	ZHANG Yongfu, HUANG Heping, YIN Lixin, et al. Regulation mechanism of cold (heat) shock on active oxygen scavenging and membrane lipid peroxidation in maize under drought stress[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 43(5): 56-60.
[11]	张仁和, 郑友军, 马国胜, 等. 干旱胁迫对玉米苗期叶片光合作用和保护酶的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2011, 31(5): 1303-1311.
	ZHANG Renhe, ZHENG Youjun, MA Guosheng, et al. Effects of drought stress on photosynthetic traits and protective enzyme activity in maize seeding[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011, 31(5): 1303-1311.
[12]	王征宏. 干旱对小麦灌浆期物质转运的调控[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2009.
	WANG Zhenghong. Regulation of Drought Stress on Assimilate Translocation during Grain Filling in Wheat[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2009.
[13]	叶君, 邓西平, 王仕稳, 等. 干旱胁迫下褪黑素对小麦幼苗生长、光合和抗氧化特性的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2015, 35(9): 1275-1283.
	YE Jun, DENG Xiping, WANG Shiwen, et al. Effects of melatonin on growth, photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant system in seedling of wheat under drought stress[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2015, 35(9): 1275-1283.
[14]	Song Y W, Xiang F Y, Zhang G Z, et al. Abscisic acid as an internal integrator of multiple physiological processes modulates leaf senescence onset in Arabidopsis thaliana[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016, 7: 181.
[15]	Zhang K W, Gan S S. An abscisic acid-AtNAP transcription factor-SAG113 protein phosphatase 2C regulatory chain for controlling dehydration in senescing Arabidopsis leaves[J]. Plant Physiology, 2012, 158(2): 961-969.
[16]	Sgherri C L M, Maffei M, Navari-Izzo F. Antioxidative enzymes in wheat subjected to increasing water deficit and rewatering[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2000, 157(3): 273-279.
[17]	杨贝贝, 赵丹丹, 任永哲, 等. 不同小麦品种对干旱胁迫的形态生理响应及抗旱性分析[J]. 河南农业大学学报, 2017, 51(2): 131-139.
	YANG Beibei, ZHAO Dandan, REN Yongzhe, et al. Drought resistance of different wheat cultivars and physiological response to drought stress[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 2017, 51(2): 131-139.
[18]	胡洋山, 汤颖子, 李治, 等. 小麦分蘖成穗数相关分子标记在重组自交系(RIL)群体中的有效性验证及实用性评价[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2018, 38(1): 8-15.
	HU Yangshan, TANG Yingzi, LI Zhi, et al. Evaluation and validation of molecular markers associated with maximum tiller number and spike number per unit area of wheat in a RIL population[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2018, 38(1): 8-15.
[19]	金欣欣, 姚艳荣, 贾秀领, 等. 基因型和环境对小麦产量、品质和氮素效率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(4): 635-644. DOI
	JIN Xinxin, YAO Yanrong, JIA Xiuling, et al. Effects of genotype and environment on wheat yield, quality, and nitrogen use efficiency[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2019, 45(4): 635-644. DOI
[20]	杨文平, 单长卷, 胡喜巧, 等. 土壤干旱对冬小麦拔节期叶片碳代谢的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2008, 37(9): 20-22, 26. DOI
	YANG Wenping, SHAN Changjuan, HU Xiqiao, et al. Effects of soil drought on carbon metabolism of winter wheat during jointing stage[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2008, 37(9): 20-22, 26.

年份 Year	处理 Treatments		收获穗数 Spike number (10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Kernels perear	千粒重 1000-grain weight(g)	产量 Yield (kg/667m²)
2022年		新春46号	41.13^a	38.98^a	42.80^a	547.38^a
	常规灌溉	新春37号	40.73^a	39.13^a	42.91^a	529.98^a
		新春26号	39.27^abc	37.47^b	39.40^c	461.23^c
		新春46号	39.90^ab	36.85^bc	41.73^b	503.17^b
	有限灌溉	新春37号	38.86^abc	37.88^b	41.01^b	461.08^c
		新春26号	34.27^d	35.40^d	37.79^d	425.40^d
		新春46号	36.88^c	36.10^cd	39.69^c	436.59^d
	亏缺灌溉	新春37号	37.22^bc	33.85^e	39.69^c	397.20^e
		新春26号	33.96^d	33.13^e	36.03^e	369.53^f
2021年		新春46号	49.48^a	35.79^a	44.55^a	478.71^a
	常规灌溉	新春37号	41.67^de	34.20^b	43.34^ab	472.46^a
		新春26号	51.11^a	31.88^cd	36.76^f	422.67^b
		新春46号	44.79^bc	32.80^bcd	41.64^c	462.73^a
	有限灌溉	新春37号	43.23^bcd	31.15^d	40.25^d	422.33^b
		新春26号	45.32^b	32.25^cd	35.09^g	407.71^b
		新春46号	42.81^cd	33.14^bc	41.17^cd	361.94^c
	亏缺灌溉	新春37号	37.81^f	31.61^cd	38.54^e	352.17^c
		新春26号	40.27^e	26.61^e	35.20^g	335.29^d

年份 Year	处理 Treatments		收获穗数 Spike number (10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Kernels perear	千粒重 1000-grain weight(g)	产量 Yield (kg/667m²)
2022年		新春46号	41.13^a	38.98^a	42.80^a	547.38^a
	常规灌溉	新春37号	40.73^a	39.13^a	42.91^a	529.98^a
		新春26号	39.27^abc	37.47^b	39.40^c	461.23^c
		新春46号	39.90^ab	36.85^bc	41.73^b	503.17^b
	有限灌溉	新春37号	38.86^abc	37.88^b	41.01^b	461.08^c
		新春26号	34.27^d	35.40^d	37.79^d	425.40^d
		新春46号	36.88^c	36.10^cd	39.69^c	436.59^d
	亏缺灌溉	新春37号	37.22^bc	33.85^e	39.69^c	397.20^e
		新春26号	33.96^d	33.13^e	36.03^e	369.53^f
2021年		新春46号	49.48^a	35.79^a	44.55^a	478.71^a
	常规灌溉	新春37号	41.67^de	34.20^b	43.34^ab	472.46^a
		新春26号	51.11^a	31.88^cd	36.76^f	422.67^b
		新春46号	44.79^bc	32.80^bcd	41.64^c	462.73^a
	有限灌溉	新春37号	43.23^bcd	31.15^d	40.25^d	422.33^b
		新春26号	45.32^b	32.25^cd	35.09^g	407.71^b
		新春46号	42.81^cd	33.14^bc	41.17^cd	361.94^c
	亏缺灌溉	新春37号	37.81^f	31.61^cd	38.54^e	352.17^c
		新春26号	40.27^e	26.61^e	35.20^g	335.29^d

土壤水分对不同抗旱性春小麦品种叶片保护性酶活性及产量的影响

Effects of soil moisture on leaf protective enzyme activities and yield of spring wheat cultivars with different drought resistance

在线阅读

PDF下载

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 5

参考文献 20

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

[1]	杨梅, 赵红梅, 迪丽热巴·夏米西丁, 杨卫君, 张金汕, 惠超. 氮肥减量配施生物质炭对春小麦群体结构、光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(7): 1582-1589.
[2]	鲁伟丹, 周远航, 马小龙, 高江龙, 樊晓琴, 郭建富, 李健强, 林明. 不同比例有机肥替代化肥对甜菜植株养分及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(7): 1631-1639.
[3]	高君, 侯献飞, 苗昊翠, 贾东海, 顾元国, 汪天玲, 黄奕, 陈晓露, 李强. 棉花-花生轮作模式对花生干物质积累量分配及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(7): 1648-1656.
[4]	侯献飞, 李强, 苗昊翠, 贾东海, 顾元国, 买买提依明·斯马依, 崔福洋. 棉花-花生轮作模式对土壤养分及其产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(7): 1657-1665.
[5]	马勇, 刘慧, 高红梅, 康雪, 马春晖. 不同氮素水平下紫花苜蓿与多年生黑麦草混播对其产量和营养品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(7): 1793-1804.
[6]	付鑫法, 吕廷波, 王久龙, 李港强, 宋仁友, 刘一凡. 春灌定额对棉田水温盐分布及棉花苗期生长发育的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(6): 1336-1344.
[7]	王一钊, 杨其志, 刘玉秀, 阿拉依·努尔卡马力, Vladimir Shvidchenko, 张正茂. PEG胁迫下评价哈萨克斯坦不同春小麦种质苗期的抗旱性[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(6): 1352-1360.
[8]	刘跃, 贾永红, 张金汕, 于月华, 王润琪, 李丹丹, 石书兵. 滴灌条件下不同高油酸花生品种比较[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(6): 1361-1367.
[9]	阿不都卡地尔·库尔班, 潘竟海, 陈友强, 刘华君, 董心久, 白晓山, 李思忠, 高卫时, 沙红, 李小惠. 基于产量相关性状综合评价晚播甜菜品种的适应性[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(6): 1368-1377.
[10]	赵云, 冯国郡, 古丽扎提·巴孜尔别克, 胡相伟, 苏比努尔·卡德尔, 李鹏兵, 邵疆, 刘杰. 钾肥用量对滴灌谷子生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(6): 1378-1385.
[11]	刘富余, 张江辉, 白云岗, 赵经华, 曹彪. 基于Meta法定量分析亏缺灌溉作物产量及水分利用效率[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(6): 1487-1496.
[12]	王润琪, 贾永红, 王玉娇, 刘跃, 李丹丹, 董艳雪, 古力尼尕尔·吐尔洪, 张路路, 张金汕, 石书兵. 不同滴灌量对匀播冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1048-1056.
[13]	谢忠, 叶含春, 王振华, 李海强, 刘健, 陈睿, 许宇双. 浅埋滴灌水氮配施对冬小麦生长发育、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1057-1066.
[14]	张钊, 张贵龙, 汤秋香, 闫雪影, 张艳军. 有机无机肥配施对潮土麦田肥力和冬小麦产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1067-1076.
[15]	李雪瑞, 翟梦华, 徐新龙, 孙明辉, 张巨松. 无人机喷施不同浓度缩节胺对棉花生长发育的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1085-1093.