不同滴灌量对匀播冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.002

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (5): 1048-1056.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.002

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

不同滴灌量对匀播冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响

王润琪¹(), 贾永红², 王玉娇¹, 刘跃¹, 李丹丹¹, 董艳雪¹, 古力尼尕尔·吐尔洪¹, 张路路¹, 张金汕¹(), 石书兵¹()

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院奇台麦类试验站,新疆奇台 831800

收稿日期:2023-10-18 出版日期:2024-05-20 发布日期:2024-07-09
通信作者: 石书兵(1966 - ),男,山东商河人,教授,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail)ssb@xjau.edu.cn;
张金汕(1987-),男,甘肃天水人,讲师,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail)zhangjinshan0530@sina.com
作者简介:王润琪(1997-),男,新疆裕民人,硕士研究生,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail)1764865348@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项子课题“现代灌区作物高产高效用水技术研究”(2022A02003-6)

Effect of different drip irrigation on the growth, development, and yield of uniform sowing winter wheat

WANG Runqi¹(), JIA Yonghong², WANG Yujiao¹, LIU Yue¹, LI Dandan¹, DONG Yanxue¹, Gulinigaer Tuerhong¹, ZHANG Lulu¹, ZHANG Jinshan¹(), SHI Shubing¹()

1. College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Qitai Triticeae Crops Experiment Station, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qitai Xinjiang 831800, China

Received:2023-10-18 Published:2024-05-20 Online:2024-07-09
Correspondence author: SHI Shubing (1966-), male, from Shanghe, Shandong, professor, doctoral supervisor, research direction: wheat high yield cultivation, (E-mail)ssb@xjau.edu.cn;
ZHANG Jinshan (1987-), male, from Tianshui, Gansu, lecturer, Ph.D.,master's supervisor,research direction: wheat high yield cultivation, (E-mail)zhangjinshan0530@sina.com
Supported by:
Major Science and Technology Special Project of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Research on High Yield and Efficient Water Use Technology for Crops in Modern Irrigation Areas"(2022A02003-6)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同滴灌量对匀播冬小麦产量形成规律的响应,为小麦节水高产提供依据。【方法】以新冬22号为材料,采用田间试验,设置5种滴灌量处理:W₁(1 800 m³/hm²)、W₂(2 250 m³/hm²)、W₃(2 700 m³/hm²)、W₄(3 150 m³/hm²)和CK(对照,3 600 m³/hm²),以上5种处理每次滴灌量均为450 m³/hm²,研究不同滴灌量对匀播冬小麦植株性状、干物质积累的影响,分析不同滴灌量对匀播冬小麦产量形成响应。【结果】随着滴灌量的增加,各处理小麦旗叶SPAD值和干物质积累量均呈W₄>CK>W₃>W₂>W₁;在小麦成熟期较CK相比,W₁、W₂和W₃分别节水50%、37.5%和25%,干物质积累量、干物质分配率、穗长、有效小穗、穗数、穗粒数和产量均低于CK;而W₄较CK节水12.5%,其干物质积累量、主茎穗长、穗数、穗粒数和产量较CK分别高0.80%、0.69%、1.80%、3.57%和2.86%,主茎有效小穗、分蘖穗长、分蘖有效小穗较CK分别低0.71%、0.52%和0.00%。【结论】W₄处理(3 150 m³/hm²)可以满足冬小麦不同生长时期需水量,从而获得较高的产量。

关键词: 滴灌量; 冬小麦; 匀播; 生长发育; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】This project aims to explore the response of the yield formation pattern of uniform sowing winter wheat to drip irrigation and achieve water-saving and high-yield wheat.【Methods】Using Xindong 22 as the experimental material, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different drip irrigation volume on plant traits, dry matter accumulation, and yield formation of evenly sown winter wheat, including W₁ (1,800 m³/hm²), W₂ (2,250 m³/hm²), W₃ (2,700 m³/hm²), W₄ (3,150m³/hm²), and CK (control, 3,600 m³/hm²).The response of yield formation of uniform sowing winter wheat to different drip irrigation volumes was analyzed.【Results】With the increase of drip irrigation volumes, the SPAD value and dry matter accumulation of each treatment showed a variation pattern of W₄>CK>W₃>W₂>W₁; At maturity, compared with CK, W₁, W₂, and W₃ saved water by 50%, 37.5% and 25%, respectively.The dry matter accumulation, dry matter allocation rate, ear length, effective spikelets, ear number, grain number per ear and yield of W₁, W₂, and W₃ were all lower than CK; W₄ saved water by 12.5% compared to CK, and its dry matter accumulation, main stem spike length, spike number, spike grain number, and yield were 0.80%, 0.69%, 1.80%, 3.57% and 2.86% higher than those of CK, respectively.The effective spikelets of main stem, tillering spike length, and tillering effective spikelets were 0.71%, 0.52% and 0.00% lower than those of CK, respectively.【Conclusion】Overall, it can be concluded that W₄ treatment (3,150 m³/hm²) can meet the water requirements for winter wheat growth and achieve higher yields.

Key words: drip irrigation volume; winter wheat; uniform sowing; growth and development; yield

中图分类号:

S512

王润琪, 贾永红, 王玉娇, 刘跃, 李丹丹, 董艳雪, 古力尼尕尔·吐尔洪, 张路路, 张金汕, 石书兵. 不同滴灌量对匀播冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1048-1056.

WANG Runqi, JIA Yonghong, WANG Yujiao, LIU Yue, LI Dandan, DONG Yanxue, Gulinigaer Tuerhong, ZHANG Lulu, ZHANG Jinshan, SHI Shubing. Effect of different drip irrigation on the growth, development, and yield of uniform sowing winter wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(5): 1048-1056.

图/表 9

参考文献 28

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处理 Treatments	生育进程(月/日) Growth process (M/D)					生育期 Growth period (d)
处理 Treatments	出苗期(2021年) Emergence period	拔节期(2022年) Jointing period	孕穗期(2022年) Booting period	开花期(2022年) Flowering period	成熟期(2022年) Mature period	生育期 Growth period (d)
W₁	10/7	4/27	5/5	5/22	6/20	263
W₂	10/7	4/27	5/5	5/22	6/23	266
W₃	10/7	4/27	5/5	5/22	6/24	267
W₄	10/7	4/27	5/5	5/22	6/27	270
CK	10/7	4/27	5/5	5/22	6/30	273

处理 Treatments	生育进程(月/日) Growth process (M/D)					生育期 Growth period (d)
处理 Treatments	出苗期(2021年) Emergence period	拔节期(2022年) Jointing period	孕穗期(2022年) Booting period	开花期(2022年) Flowering period	成熟期(2022年) Mature period	生育期 Growth period (d)
W₁	10/7	4/27	5/5	5/22	6/20	263
W₂	10/7	4/27	5/5	5/22	6/23	266
W₃	10/7	4/27	5/5	5/22	6/24	267
W₄	10/7	4/27	5/5	5/22	6/27	270
CK	10/7	4/27	5/5	5/22	6/30	273

处理 Treatments	花后0 d 0 d after flowering	花后7 d 7 d after flowering	花后14 d 14 d after flowering	花后21 d 21 d after flowering	花后28 d 28 d after flowering
W₁	54.38^b	51.99^c	50.48^d	42.12^d	33.15^e
W₂	57.21^a	53.42^b	52.50^c	43.95^c	34.88^d
W₃	57.67^a	56.88^a	53.82^bc	45.63^b	37.57^c
W₄	57.49^a	57.36^a	55.31^ab	48.67^a	41.91^a
CK	57.81^a	57.76^a	55.73^a	47.62^a	39.93^b

处理 Treatments	花后0 d 0 d after flowering	花后7 d 7 d after flowering	花后14 d 14 d after flowering	花后21 d 21 d after flowering	花后28 d 28 d after flowering
W₁	54.38^b	51.99^c	50.48^d	42.12^d	33.15^e
W₂	57.21^a	53.42^b	52.50^c	43.95^c	34.88^d
W₃	57.67^a	56.88^a	53.82^bc	45.63^b	37.57^c
W₄	57.49^a	57.36^a	55.31^ab	48.67^a	41.91^a
CK	57.81^a	57.76^a	55.73^a	47.62^a	39.93^b

处理 Treatments	茎鞘 Stem and sheath	叶片 Leaf	颖壳及穗轴 Glume and cob	籽粒 Grain
W₁	35.81^a	6.13^b	12.23^c	45.83^c
W₂	33.50^b	6.23^b	13.73^a	46.54^c
W₃	32.77^bc	6.50^b	13.36^a	47.37^b
W₄	31.32^c	7.27^a	12.80^b	48.60^a
CK	31.97^c	7.12^a	12.57^bc	48.33^a

不同滴灌量对匀播冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响

Effect of different drip irrigation on the growth, development, and yield of uniform sowing winter wheat

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参考文献 28

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Metrics

处理 Treatments	出苗期 Seedling period	越冬期 Overwintering period	返青期 Rejuvenated period	拔节期 Jointing period	孕穗期 Booting period	开花期 Flowering period	花后10 d 10d after flowering	花后20 d 20 d after flowering	总灌水量 Total Irrigation volume
W₁	450	450	450	450					1 800
W₂	450	450	450	450	450				2 250
W₃	450	450	450	450	450	450			2 700
W₄	450	450	450	450	450	450	450		3 150
CK	450	450	450	450	450	450	450	450	3 600

处理 Treatments	主茎Main stem			分蘖Tillering
处理 Treatments	穗长 Spike length(cm)	有效小穗 Effective spikelet	无效小穗 Invalid spikelet	穗长 Spike length(cm)	有效小穗 Effective spikelet	无效小穗 Invalid spikelet
W₁	8.42^b	17.67^b	2.80^a	8.07^b	16.93^b	3.37^a
W₂	8.61^ab	18.53^ab	2.47^ab	8.15^ab	17.03^b	3.30^a
W₃	8.66^ab	18.67^ab	2.07^b	8.28^ab	17.30^ab	2.27^ab
W₄	8.74^a	18.73^ab	1.53^c	8.3^ab	17.50^a	2.40^ab
CK	8.68^ab	18.87^a	1.47^c	8.34^a	17.50^a	2.00^b
变异系数 Coefficient of Variation(%)	1.47	2.43	10.43	1.53	1.20	13.50
F值F-value	ns	ns	**	ns	*	*

处理 Treatments	穗数 Spike number (10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Number of grains per spike	千粒重 1000-grain weight(g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
W₁	611.67^c	37.62^c	37.65^e	6 517.26^d
W₂	617.33^bc	38.49^c	39.48^d	7 607.14^c
W₃	622.00^bc	40.98^b	45.81^c	8 361.51^b
W₄	641.00^a	42.89^a	48.70^b	9 294.31^a
CK	629.67^ab	41.41^ab	49.72^a	9 035.85^a
变异系数(%)Coefficient of Variation	1.37	1.99	0.95	3.60
F值F-value	**	**	**	**

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