有机无机肥配施对潮土麦田肥力和冬小麦产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.004

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (5): 1067-1076.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.004

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

有机无机肥配施对潮土麦田肥力和冬小麦产量的影响

张钊¹^,²(), 张贵龙², 汤秋香¹(), 闫雪影², 张艳军²()

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.农业农村部环境保护科研监测所,天津 300191

收稿日期:2023-10-29 出版日期:2024-05-20 发布日期:2024-07-09
通信作者: 汤秋香(1980-),女,河南开封人,教授,研究方向为农田生态环境,(E-mail)tangqiuxiang2004_2@163.com;
张艳军(1981-),男,山西原平人,副研究员,研究方向为生物多样性与生态农业,(E-mail)zhangyanjun@caas.cn
作者简介:张钊(1993-),男,河南新乡人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农田生态环境,(E-mail)zzbeilai2019@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32271651);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(农业农村部环境保护科研监测所)

Effects of combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers on fertility and yield of winter wheat in fluvo-aquic soil

ZHANG Zhao¹^,²(), ZHANG Guilong², TANG Qiuxiang¹(), YAN Xueying², ZHANG Yanjun²()

1. College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China

Received:2023-10-29 Published:2024-05-20 Online:2024-07-09
Correspondence author: TANG Qiuxiang(1980-),female,from Kaifeng,Henan,professor,research direction: farmland ecological environment,(E-mail)tangqiuxiang2004_2@163.com;
ZHANG Yanjun(1981-),male,from Yuanping,Shanxi,associate research fellow,research direction: Bildiversity and eco-agriculture,(E-mail)zhangyanjun@caas.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271651);Chinese academy of Agricultural Sciences Innovation Program(Agro-Environmental Protection Institute)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同施肥方式对黄淮海潮土区麦田肥力和冬小麦氮素利用效率和产量的影响,为该区域优化施肥措施、合理利用有机肥资源和保障作物高产提供理论支持和技术指导。【方法】基于天津潮土区连续12年的施肥处理定位试验,设置施肥处理为对照(CK,不施肥)、单施有机肥(M)、化肥减量50%配施有机肥(MF₁)、常量化肥配施有机肥(MF₂)、单施化肥处理(F)。【结果】与对照相比,施肥处理均能显著提高麦田土壤有机质和碱解氮、速效磷钾含量,且有机无机肥配施处理提升土壤肥力效果最好。与对照相比,M、MF₁、MF₂和F处理土壤有机质增幅分别为92%、48%、78%和20%。MF₁处理孕穗-成熟期叶片氮素含量显著降低,促进氮素向籽粒的转移,提高氮素利用效率,显著提高穗粒数和千粒重,进而起到增产作用。MF₁、MF₂处理冬小麦产量分别达到6 467和6 345 kg/hm²,较F处理提高12%和9%。【结论】施用化肥115 kg/hm²、有机肥15 000 kg/hm²的配施模式能够较常规模式降低化肥投入15%,并保持冬小麦产量稳定,可作为黄淮海平原潮土区冬小麦农田的推荐施肥技术。

关键词: 冬小麦; 有机无机肥配施; 产量; 氮素利用率; 土壤养分; 干物质积累

Abstract:

【Objective】To explore the effects of different fertilization on the fertility of wheat fields and nitrogen use efficiency and yield of winter wheat in the Huanghuaihai fluvo-aquic soil region in the hope of providing theoretical support and technical guidance for optimizing fertilization measures.【Methods】Based on the 12-year continuous fertilization treatment positioning experiment in Tianjin fluvo-aquic soil area, different fertilization treatments were set: including control (CK), single application of organic fertilizer (M), 50% reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer (MF₁), conventional quantitative fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer (MF₂) and single application of chemical fertilizer (F).【Results】The results showed that, compared with the control, the fertilization treatments could significantly increase the soil organic matter and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in wheat fields, and the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers had the best soil fertility improvement effect.Compared with the control, the soil organic matter increased by 92%, 48%, 78% and 20%, respectively in M, MF₁, MF₂.In terms of dry matter accumulation and yield, MF₁ treatment significantly reduced leaf nitrogen content in booting-mature stage, promoted nitrogen transfer to grains, improved nitrogen use efficiency, and significantly increased the number of grains per ear and 1,000-grain weight, thereby increasing yield.The yields of MF₁ and MF₂ treatments reached 6,467and 6,345 kg/hm², respectively, which were 12% and 9% higher than that of treatment F.【Conclusion】In conclusion, the combined application mode of chemical nitrogen fertilizer 115 kg/hm² and organic fertilizer 15,000 kg/hm² can reduce the chemical nitrogen input by 15% compared with the conventional mode, and keep the yield of winter wheat stable, which can be used as a recommended fertilization technology for winter wheat farmland in the fluvo-aquic soil area of the Huanghuaihai Plain.

Key words: winter wheat; combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers; yield; nitrogen use efficiency; soil nutrients; dry matter accumulation

中图分类号:

S512

张钊, 张贵龙, 汤秋香, 闫雪影, 张艳军. 有机无机肥配施对潮土麦田肥力和冬小麦产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1067-1076.

ZHANG Zhao, ZHANG Guilong, TANG Qiuxiang, YAN Xueying, ZHANG Yanjun. Effects of combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers on fertility and yield of winter wheat in fluvo-aquic soil[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(5): 1067-1076.

图/表 6

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时期 Stages	处理 Treat- ments	pH值 pH value	碱解氮 Alkalize nitrogen (mg/kg)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg/kg)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	C/N
拔节期 Jointing stage	CK	8.46±0.09^a	32.20±6.26^d	15.16±7.33^c	530.25±63.03^d	15.30±3.04^b	1.60±0.02^d	5.55±1.09^a
	M	8.21±0.03^b	60.20±6.26^a	391.56±72.75^a	709.07±87.21^b	29.30±5.15^a	3.03±0.09^b	5.61±0.88^a
	MF₁	7.99±0.02^c	56.00±7.00^bc	354.96±29.44^a	758.75±69.74^b	25.77±0.37^a	3.16±0.14^b	4.74±0.22^ab
	MF₂	7.80±0.05^d	85.40±5.86^ab	401.00±21.36^a	892.81±11.72^a	26.60±0.84^a	3.79±0.10^a	4.07±0.23^bc
	F	8.02±0.05^c	49.20±24.55^cd	129.76±8.30^b	619.56±25.74^c	16.93±0.50^b	2.66±0.12^c	3.69±0.21^c
开花期 Blooming stage	CK	8.24±0.09^a	46.20±9.39^c	88.12±6.44^d	406.75±36.94^c	18.38±0.72^c	2.48±0.04^c	4.29±0.18^ab
	M	8.08±0.04^b	71.40±7.67^b	366.28±9.43^b	771.75±17.09^a	29.33±2.23^a	4.15±0.28^b	4.12±0.52^ab
	MF₁	7.83±0.02^c	75.60±15.18^b	375.92±18.05^ab	789.75±5.74^a	30.01±2.88^a	4.30±0.07^b	4.04±0.42^b
	MF₂	7.72±0.11^d	141.40±13.46^a	385.64±14.86^a	797.06±18.46^a	31.04±3.50^a	4.54±0.05^a	3.96±0.46^b
	F	8.00±0.14^c	53.20±7.98^c	172.24±7.60^c	671.44±26.64^b	22.36±2.52^b	2.73±0.11^c	4.77±0.67^a
成熟期 Maturity stage	CK	8.42±0.07^a	44.80±3.83^c	93.72±13.35^c	609.78±37.16^c	18.69±2.34^c	1.59±0.07^f	6.84±0.94^a
	M	7.97±0.08^b	81.20±6.26^b	395.64±16.75^a	785.44±18.81^a	28.27±1.73^a	2.27±0.08^c	7.24±0.67^a
	MF₁	7.88±0.08^b	126.00±13.10^a	412.16±16.45^a	801.13±11.33^a	30.66±2.66^a	2.55±0.06^b	6.98±0.69^a
	MF₂	7.83±0.04^b	81.200±25.53^b	398.04±23.53^a	796.03±11.1^a	31.01±2.37^a	2.68±0.07^a	6.69±0.53^a
	F	8.02±0.07^b	77.00±31.30^b	172.28±8.78^b	719.75±23.4^b	21.67±1.61b	1.87±0.08^d	6.73±0.7^a

时期 Stages	处理 Treat- ments	pH值 pH value	碱解氮 Alkalize nitrogen (mg/kg)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg/kg)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	C/N
拔节期 Jointing stage	CK	8.46±0.09^a	32.20±6.26^d	15.16±7.33^c	530.25±63.03^d	15.30±3.04^b	1.60±0.02^d	5.55±1.09^a
	M	8.21±0.03^b	60.20±6.26^a	391.56±72.75^a	709.07±87.21^b	29.30±5.15^a	3.03±0.09^b	5.61±0.88^a
	MF₁	7.99±0.02^c	56.00±7.00^bc	354.96±29.44^a	758.75±69.74^b	25.77±0.37^a	3.16±0.14^b	4.74±0.22^ab
	MF₂	7.80±0.05^d	85.40±5.86^ab	401.00±21.36^a	892.81±11.72^a	26.60±0.84^a	3.79±0.10^a	4.07±0.23^bc
	F	8.02±0.05^c	49.20±24.55^cd	129.76±8.30^b	619.56±25.74^c	16.93±0.50^b	2.66±0.12^c	3.69±0.21^c
开花期 Blooming stage	CK	8.24±0.09^a	46.20±9.39^c	88.12±6.44^d	406.75±36.94^c	18.38±0.72^c	2.48±0.04^c	4.29±0.18^ab
	M	8.08±0.04^b	71.40±7.67^b	366.28±9.43^b	771.75±17.09^a	29.33±2.23^a	4.15±0.28^b	4.12±0.52^ab
	MF₁	7.83±0.02^c	75.60±15.18^b	375.92±18.05^ab	789.75±5.74^a	30.01±2.88^a	4.30±0.07^b	4.04±0.42^b
	MF₂	7.72±0.11^d	141.40±13.46^a	385.64±14.86^a	797.06±18.46^a	31.04±3.50^a	4.54±0.05^a	3.96±0.46^b
	F	8.00±0.14^c	53.20±7.98^c	172.24±7.60^c	671.44±26.64^b	22.36±2.52^b	2.73±0.11^c	4.77±0.67^a
成熟期 Maturity stage	CK	8.42±0.07^a	44.80±3.83^c	93.72±13.35^c	609.78±37.16^c	18.69±2.34^c	1.59±0.07^f	6.84±0.94^a
	M	7.97±0.08^b	81.20±6.26^b	395.64±16.75^a	785.44±18.81^a	28.27±1.73^a	2.27±0.08^c	7.24±0.67^a
	MF₁	7.88±0.08^b	126.00±13.10^a	412.16±16.45^a	801.13±11.33^a	30.66±2.66^a	2.55±0.06^b	6.98±0.69^a
	MF₂	7.83±0.04^b	81.200±25.53^b	398.04±23.53^a	796.03±11.1^a	31.01±2.37^a	2.68±0.07^a	6.69±0.53^a
	F	8.02±0.07^b	77.00±31.30^b	172.28±8.78^b	719.75±23.4^b	21.67±1.61b	1.87±0.08^d	6.73±0.7^a

处理 Treatments	植株总氮含量 TNAA (kg/hm²)	氮收获指数 NHI (%)	氮素吸收效率 NUP (%)	氮肥农学利用率 NAE (kg/kg)	氮肥利用率 NUE (%)	氮肥偏生产力 NPFP (kg/kg)
CK	39.41±3.35^c	58±0.08^b	-	-	-	-
M	216.05±42.74^b	77±0.01^a	123±0.24^a	23.4±0.74^a	101±0.24^a	34.79±0.77^a
MF₁	311.95±45.4^a	75±0.04^a	73±0.11^b	10.52±0.26^b	64±0.11^b	15.20±0.27^b
MF₂	293.99±59.05^a	71±0.03^a	44±0.09^c	6.56±0.33^d	38±0.09^c	9.57±0.34^d
F	290.2±71.92^a	76±0.04^a	60±0.15^bc	7.80±0.67^c	51±0.14^bc	11.89±0.69^c

处理 Treatments	植株总氮含量 TNAA (kg/hm²)	氮收获指数 NHI (%)	氮素吸收效率 NUP (%)	氮肥农学利用率 NAE (kg/kg)	氮肥利用率 NUE (%)	氮肥偏生产力 NPFP (kg/kg)
CK	39.41±3.35^c	58±0.08^b	-	-	-	-
M	216.05±42.74^b	77±0.01^a	123±0.24^a	23.4±0.74^a	101±0.24^a	34.79±0.77^a
MF₁	311.95±45.4^a	75±0.04^a	73±0.11^b	10.52±0.26^b	64±0.11^b	15.20±0.27^b
MF₂	293.99±59.05^a	71±0.03^a	44±0.09^c	6.56±0.33^d	38±0.09^c	9.57±0.34^d
F	290.2±71.92^a	76±0.04^a	60±0.15^bc	7.80±0.67^c	51±0.14^bc	11.89±0.69^c

处理 Treatments	穗数 Spikes (10⁴hm²)	穗粒数 Grainsper spike	千粒重 1000-grain Mass(g)	产量 Grain yield (kg/hm²)
CK	550.8±21.38^a	12.53±2.85^c	41.17±1.53^c	1 994.06±21.82^d
M	477.6±8.76^b	32.68±3.03^b	54.49±2.54^a	6 093.37±135.09^b
MF₁	400.4±8.88^c	44.59±2.82^a	50.55±2.88^b	6 467.69±115.08^a
MF₂	363.6±16.76^d	44.63±2.98^a	50.04±2.39^b	6 345.06±224.13^ab
F	400±16.55^c	44.99±1.13^a	49.24±1.48^b	5 798.26±337.49^c

有机无机肥配施对潮土麦田肥力和冬小麦产量的影响

Effects of combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers on fertility and yield of winter wheat in fluvo-aquic soil

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Metrics

时期 Stages	土壤养分指标 Soil Nutrient Indicators	贡献度 Contribution(%)
	pH值	5
	碱解氮	38
拔节期	速效磷	33
Jointing Stage	速效钾	13
	有机质	1
	全氮	10
	pH值	20
	碱解氮	7
开花期	速效磷	11
Blooming Stage	速效钾	26
	有机质	9
	全氮	27
	pH值	19
	碱解氮	10
成熟期	速效磷	29
Maturity Stage	速效钾	4
	有机质	1
	全氮	38

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