新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (5): 1085-1093.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.006
收稿日期:
2023-08-07
出版日期:
2024-05-20
发布日期:
2024-07-09
通信作者:
张巨松(1963-),男,江苏人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为棉花高产栽培与生理生态,(E-mail) xjndzjs@163.com作者简介:
李雪瑞(1997-),女,新疆石河子人,硕士研究生,研究方向为棉花高产栽培,(E-mail)724943317@qq.com
基金资助:
LI Xuerui(), ZHAI Menghua, XU Xinlong, SUN Minghui, ZHANG Jusong(
)
Received:
2023-08-07
Published:
2024-05-20
Online:
2024-07-09
Correspondence author:
ZHANG Jusong (1963-), male, from Jiangsu, professor, doctor, master/doctoral supervisor, research direction: high-yield cultivation and physiological ecology of cotton, (E-mail)xjndzjs@163.com
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】研究无人机喷施不同浓度缩节胺对棉花生长发育的调控效应,为构建棉花轻简栽培提供科学依据。【方法】在缩节胺剂量相同的条件下,共设置6个不同兑水量控制缩节胺浓度(缩节胺分次分时期喷施,共7次),分别为7.5(C1)、 15(C2)、22.5(C3)、30(C4)、37.5(C5)、45(C6)L/hm2,分析不同缩节胺浓度对棉花生长发育的影响。【结果】喷施低浓度缩节胺(C5、C6)会延长棉花生育期,使棉花贪青晚熟;中浓度缩节胺(C3、C4)处理的棉花株高较低,对棉花株高抑制效果最好,其中C4处理产量最高;高浓度缩节胺(C1、C2)处理会使棉花生育时期提前,缩短生育期,促早熟,但不利于伏前桃增长,还会降低棉花单铃重。【结论】新疆南疆地区种植棉花使用无人机化控时,选择兑水量为30 L/hm2(C4)的调控效果最优,且皮棉产量达到2 762.6 kg/hm2。
中图分类号:
李雪瑞, 翟梦华, 徐新龙, 孙明辉, 张巨松. 无人机喷施不同浓度缩节胺对棉花生长发育的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1085-1093.
LI Xuerui, ZHAI Menghua, XU Xinlong, SUN Minghui, ZHANG Jusong. Effects of spraying different concentrations of SAH by UAV on cotton growth and development[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(5): 1085-1093.
缩节胺 浓度 The concen- tration of acetyla mine | 处理 Treat- ments | 机型 Machine type | 兑水量 Water per hectare (L/hm2) | 飞行 速度 Flight speed (m/s) | 飞行 高度 Flight altitude (m) | 幅宽 Width (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
高 High | C1 | 大疆T30 | 7.5 | 7 | 3 | 6 |
C2 | 15 | 6 | ||||
中 Middle | C3 | 22.5 | 5.5 | |||
C4 | 30 | 5 | ||||
低 Low | C5 | 37.5 | 4.5 | |||
C6 | 45 | 3.3 |
表1 无人机参数
Tab.1 Parameter table of UAV
缩节胺 浓度 The concen- tration of acetyla mine | 处理 Treat- ments | 机型 Machine type | 兑水量 Water per hectare (L/hm2) | 飞行 速度 Flight speed (m/s) | 飞行 高度 Flight altitude (m) | 幅宽 Width (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
高 High | C1 | 大疆T30 | 7.5 | 7 | 3 | 6 |
C2 | 15 | 6 | ||||
中 Middle | C3 | 22.5 | 5.5 | |||
C4 | 30 | 5 | ||||
低 Low | C5 | 37.5 | 4.5 | |||
C6 | 45 | 3.3 |
处理 Treatments | 生育进程Reproductive process | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
出苗 Seedling emergence | 现蕾 Present bud | 初花 First flower | 盛铃 Ringing bell | 吐絮 Batting | 生育期 Growth period (d) | |
C1 | 4/19 | 5/29 | 6/23 | 7/6 | 8/19 | 123 |
C2 | 4/19 | 5/28 | 6/23 | 7/5 | 8/22 | 129 |
C3 | 4/19 | 5/25 | 6/16 | 7/5 | 8/26 | 129 |
C4 | 4/19 | 5/24 | 6/16 | 7/5 | 8/26 | 129 |
C5 | 4/19 | 5/23 | 6/17 | 7/4 | 8/28 | 131 |
C6 | 4/19 | 5/21 | 6/17 | 7/3 | 9/1 | 135 |
表2 不同处理下棉花生育期的变化
Tab.2 Changes of comparison in cotton growth process under different treatments(M/D)
处理 Treatments | 生育进程Reproductive process | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
出苗 Seedling emergence | 现蕾 Present bud | 初花 First flower | 盛铃 Ringing bell | 吐絮 Batting | 生育期 Growth period (d) | |
C1 | 4/19 | 5/29 | 6/23 | 7/6 | 8/19 | 123 |
C2 | 4/19 | 5/28 | 6/23 | 7/5 | 8/22 | 129 |
C3 | 4/19 | 5/25 | 6/16 | 7/5 | 8/26 | 129 |
C4 | 4/19 | 5/24 | 6/16 | 7/5 | 8/26 | 129 |
C5 | 4/19 | 5/23 | 6/17 | 7/4 | 8/28 | 131 |
C6 | 4/19 | 5/21 | 6/17 | 7/3 | 9/1 | 135 |
处理 Treat- ments | 苗期 Seedling stage (d) | 蕾期 Bud stage (d) | 花期 Flowering period (d) | 铃期 Boll period (d) |
---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 40 | 25 | 13 | 44 |
C2 | 39 | 26 | 12 | 48 |
C3 | 36 | 22 | 19 | 52 |
C4 | 35 | 23 | 19 | 52 |
C5 | 34 | 25 | 17 | 55 |
C6 | 32 | 27 | 16 | 59 |
表3 不同处理下棉花生育期时长的变化
Tab.3 Changes of comparison in growth time of cotton under different treatments
处理 Treat- ments | 苗期 Seedling stage (d) | 蕾期 Bud stage (d) | 花期 Flowering period (d) | 铃期 Boll period (d) |
---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 40 | 25 | 13 | 44 |
C2 | 39 | 26 | 12 | 48 |
C3 | 36 | 22 | 19 | 52 |
C4 | 35 | 23 | 19 | 52 |
C5 | 34 | 25 | 17 | 55 |
C6 | 32 | 27 | 16 | 59 |
处理 Treat- ments | 出苗天数 Emergence days(d) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
35 | 45 | 55 | 65 | 75 | |
C1 | 1.53a | 2.09a | 1.21ab | 1.12a | 0.55c |
C2 | 1.07b | 1.49b | 0.86ab | 1.00ab | 0.55c |
C3 | 0.68c | 1.12c | 0.88ab | 0.57b | 0.92ab |
C4 | 1.56a | 1.86a | 0.57b | 0.58b | 0.60c |
C5 | 1.13b | 2.13a | 1.19ab | 1.23a | 1.13a |
C6 | 1.19b | 1.98a | 1.42a | 1.26a | 0.73bc |
表4 不同处理下棉花各处理主茎日增长量的变化
Tab.4 Changes of comparison in daily growth of main stems in each treatment
处理 Treat- ments | 出苗天数 Emergence days(d) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
35 | 45 | 55 | 65 | 75 | |
C1 | 1.53a | 2.09a | 1.21ab | 1.12a | 0.55c |
C2 | 1.07b | 1.49b | 0.86ab | 1.00ab | 0.55c |
C3 | 0.68c | 1.12c | 0.88ab | 0.57b | 0.92ab |
C4 | 1.56a | 1.86a | 0.57b | 0.58b | 0.60c |
C5 | 1.13b | 2.13a | 1.19ab | 1.23a | 1.13a |
C6 | 1.19b | 1.98a | 1.42a | 1.26a | 0.73bc |
处理 Treatments | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 茎粗 Stem thickness (cm) | 主茎叶片数 Number of main stem leaves(片) | 果枝数 Number of fruit branches (台) | 始果节高度 The height of the first fruit node (cm) | 果枝长度 Branch length (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 88.8±5.9a | 11.5±0.7a | 17.8±0.8ab | 13.1±1.4a | 27.1±3.7a | 8.6±1.6a |
C2 | 74.2±4.5b | 9.8±0.6c | 16.9±1.2b | 10.3±2.5b | 22.0±3.8b | 7.7±1.5ab |
C3 | 70.9±4.8b | 9.6±0.6c | 17.5±0.7ab | 12.8±1.2a | 20.0±2.8bc | 6.5±1.4b |
C4 | 71.9±3.6b | 10.5±0.6b | 15.6±2.0c | 10.8±1.2b | 19.3±2.6bc | 7.2±0.7b |
C5 | 72.3±1.5b | 10.5±0.8b | 18.5±1.4a | 14.2±1.6a | 17.9±1.8c | 7.0±0.9b |
C6 | 89.9±0.8a | 10.4±0.7b | 18.0±0.7ab | 13.0±1.3a | 18.5±2.3c | 8.7±1.9a |
表5 不同处理下棉花农艺性状的变化
Tab.5 Changes of comparison in agronomic characters of cotton under different treatments
处理 Treatments | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 茎粗 Stem thickness (cm) | 主茎叶片数 Number of main stem leaves(片) | 果枝数 Number of fruit branches (台) | 始果节高度 The height of the first fruit node (cm) | 果枝长度 Branch length (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 88.8±5.9a | 11.5±0.7a | 17.8±0.8ab | 13.1±1.4a | 27.1±3.7a | 8.6±1.6a |
C2 | 74.2±4.5b | 9.8±0.6c | 16.9±1.2b | 10.3±2.5b | 22.0±3.8b | 7.7±1.5ab |
C3 | 70.9±4.8b | 9.6±0.6c | 17.5±0.7ab | 12.8±1.2a | 20.0±2.8bc | 6.5±1.4b |
C4 | 71.9±3.6b | 10.5±0.6b | 15.6±2.0c | 10.8±1.2b | 19.3±2.6bc | 7.2±0.7b |
C5 | 72.3±1.5b | 10.5±0.8b | 18.5±1.4a | 14.2±1.6a | 17.9±1.8c | 7.0±0.9b |
C6 | 89.9±0.8a | 10.4±0.7b | 18.0±0.7ab | 13.0±1.3a | 18.5±2.3c | 8.7±1.9a |
图3 各处理棉花干物质积累的变化 注:从左到右依次是C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6
Fig.3 Changes of comparison in dry matter accumulation in each treatment Note:C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 from left to right
处理 Treatments | 收获株数 Number of harvested plants (104株/hm2) | 单株结铃 A single plant bears a bell | 单铃重 Single boll weight(g) | 衣分 Clothing points (%) | 皮棉产量 Lint yield (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 18.55a | 5.83abc | 5.88ab | 43.14a | 2 730.20b |
C2 | 16.50c | 5.40c | 5.90ab | 43.14a | 2 254.05d |
C3 | 17.85ab | 5.49c | 5.67b | 43.14a | 2 407.15c |
C4 | 18.20ab | 6.00ab | 5.91ab | 43.08a | 2 762.60ab |
C5 | 17.30bc | 5.62bc | 6.03a | 43.56a | 2 535.35c |
C6 | 17.75ab | 6.10a | 6.20a | 43.00a | 2876.90a |
表6 不同处理产量及产量构成因素的变化
Tab.6 Changes of comparison in yield and yield composition of different treatments
处理 Treatments | 收获株数 Number of harvested plants (104株/hm2) | 单株结铃 A single plant bears a bell | 单铃重 Single boll weight(g) | 衣分 Clothing points (%) | 皮棉产量 Lint yield (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 18.55a | 5.83abc | 5.88ab | 43.14a | 2 730.20b |
C2 | 16.50c | 5.40c | 5.90ab | 43.14a | 2 254.05d |
C3 | 17.85ab | 5.49c | 5.67b | 43.14a | 2 407.15c |
C4 | 18.20ab | 6.00ab | 5.91ab | 43.08a | 2 762.60ab |
C5 | 17.30bc | 5.62bc | 6.03a | 43.56a | 2 535.35c |
C6 | 17.75ab | 6.10a | 6.20a | 43.00a | 2876.90a |
处理 Treatments | 上半部平均长度 Average length of upper half (mm) | 长度整齐度指数 Length uniformity index(%) | 断裂比强度 Specific strength at break(cN/tex) | 断裂伸长率 Elongation at break(%) | 马克隆值 Macron value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 30.06a | 86.12a | 34.06ab | 10.02b | 5.22a |
C2 | 30.30a | 86.86a | 34.14ab | 10.51ab | 5.36a |
C3 | 30.30a | 86.40a | 35.01a | 9.88b | 5.12a |
C4 | 30.68a | 86.90a | 33.33b | 10.57ab | 5.30a |
C5 | 30.87a | 86.88a | 33.63ab | 10.93ab | 5.28a |
C6 | 31.20a | 87.23a | 33.57ab | 11.40a | 5.19a |
表7 不同处理下棉花纤维品质的变化
Tab.7 Changes of comparison in cotton fiber quality in different treatments
处理 Treatments | 上半部平均长度 Average length of upper half (mm) | 长度整齐度指数 Length uniformity index(%) | 断裂比强度 Specific strength at break(cN/tex) | 断裂伸长率 Elongation at break(%) | 马克隆值 Macron value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 30.06a | 86.12a | 34.06ab | 10.02b | 5.22a |
C2 | 30.30a | 86.86a | 34.14ab | 10.51ab | 5.36a |
C3 | 30.30a | 86.40a | 35.01a | 9.88b | 5.12a |
C4 | 30.68a | 86.90a | 33.33b | 10.57ab | 5.30a |
C5 | 30.87a | 86.88a | 33.63ab | 10.93ab | 5.28a |
C6 | 31.20a | 87.23a | 33.57ab | 11.40a | 5.19a |
项目 Items | 株高 Plant height | 茎粗 Stem thickness | 果枝长度 Branch length | 主茎节 间长度 Internode length of the main stem | 始果节高度 The height of the first fruit node (cm) | 衣分 Lint percentage | 单铃重 Single boll weight | 单株结铃 Single plant ringing | 籽棉产量 Lint yield |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
株高 Plant height | 1 | ||||||||
茎粗 Stem thickness | 0.595** | 1 | |||||||
果枝长度 Branch length | 0.803** | 0.42 | 1 | ||||||
主茎节间长度 Internode length of the main stem | 0.709** | 0.484* | 0.640** | 1 | |||||
始果节高度 The height of the first fruit node(cm) | 0.45 | 0.491* | 0.518* | 0.846** | 1 | ||||
衣分 Lint percentage | -0.177 | 0.165 | -0.355 | -0.085 | -0.234 | 1 | |||
单铃重 Single bollweight | 0.455 | 0.32 | 0.275 | 0.002 | -0.226 | -0.258 | 1 | ||
单株结铃 Single plantringing | 0.434 | 0.324 | 0.375 | 0.011 | -0.09 | -0.264 | 0.393 | 1 | |
皮棉产量 Lint yield | 0.591** | 0.510* | 0.490* | 0.084 | -0.005 | -0.178 | 0.402 | 0.862** | 1 |
表8 棉花产量与主要农艺性状相关性
Tab.8 Correlation analysis between cotton yield and main agronomic characters
项目 Items | 株高 Plant height | 茎粗 Stem thickness | 果枝长度 Branch length | 主茎节 间长度 Internode length of the main stem | 始果节高度 The height of the first fruit node (cm) | 衣分 Lint percentage | 单铃重 Single boll weight | 单株结铃 Single plant ringing | 籽棉产量 Lint yield |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
株高 Plant height | 1 | ||||||||
茎粗 Stem thickness | 0.595** | 1 | |||||||
果枝长度 Branch length | 0.803** | 0.42 | 1 | ||||||
主茎节间长度 Internode length of the main stem | 0.709** | 0.484* | 0.640** | 1 | |||||
始果节高度 The height of the first fruit node(cm) | 0.45 | 0.491* | 0.518* | 0.846** | 1 | ||||
衣分 Lint percentage | -0.177 | 0.165 | -0.355 | -0.085 | -0.234 | 1 | |||
单铃重 Single bollweight | 0.455 | 0.32 | 0.275 | 0.002 | -0.226 | -0.258 | 1 | ||
单株结铃 Single plantringing | 0.434 | 0.324 | 0.375 | 0.011 | -0.09 | -0.264 | 0.393 | 1 | |
皮棉产量 Lint yield | 0.591** | 0.510* | 0.490* | 0.084 | -0.005 | -0.178 | 0.402 | 0.862** | 1 |
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