滴灌区玉米精量免耕播种机设计与试验

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.007

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (5): 1094-1101.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.007

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

滴灌区玉米精量免耕播种机设计与试验

付浩¹(), 张学军¹^,²(), 史增录¹^,², 程金鹏¹, 吴海峰¹, 于永良³, 饶志强³

1.新疆农业大学机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆智能农业装备重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052
3.新疆天诚农机具制造有限公司,新疆铁门关 841007

收稿日期:2023-09-22 出版日期:2024-05-20 发布日期:2024-07-09
通信作者: 张学军(1966-),男,四川渠县人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为农业机械化装备,(E-mail)tuec@163.com
作者简介:付浩(1997-),男,山东济宁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业机械化与装备工程,(E-mail)foch71@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02003-3);新疆农机研发制造推广应用一体化项目(YTHSD2022-14)

Design and experiment of corn precision no-till planter in drip irrigation area

FU Hao¹(), ZHANG Xuejun¹^,²(), SHI Zenglu¹^,², CHENG Jinpeng¹, WU Haifeng¹, YU Yongliang³, RAO Zhiqiang³

1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Urumqi 830052, China
3. Xinjiang Tiancheng Agricultural Equipment Manufacturing Co., Tiemenguan Xinjiang 841007, China

Received:2023-09-22 Published:2024-05-20 Online:2024-07-09
Correspondence author: ZHANG Xuejun (1966 -), male, from Sichuan,professor,doctor,research direction: agricultural mechanization equipment, (E-mail)tuec@163.com
Supported by:
Major Science and Technology Special Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022A02003-3);Xinjiang Agricultural Machinery R&D, Manufacturing, Promotion and Application Integration Project(YTHSD2022-14)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研发作业可靠且适应新疆玉米种植模式的免耕播种机具。【方法】采用运动分析及结构设计方法,设计免耕播种机清茬机构、排种器及滴灌带铺设机构,并进行田间试验验证。【结果】机具前进速度在5 km/h时通过性良好,秸秆清理率达到79.44%,满足免耕播种作业要求;播种合格指数为91.33%,漏播指数为3.18%,重播指数为5.49%,播种均匀性满足行业标准。【结论】滴灌区玉米精量免耕播种机满足设计要求,可以有效清茬、播种及铺设滴灌带。

关键词: 免耕播种机; 清茬机构; 玉米排种器; 滴灌带铺设

Abstract:

【Objective】In the hope of developing no-till seeding machines with reliable operation and adaptable to the cropping pattern in Xinjiang. 【Methods】The no-till planter stubble clearing mechanism, seed rower and drip irrigation belt laying mechanism were designed by means of motion analysis and structural design, and field verification tests were conducted. 【Results】The machine had good trafficability characteristic at the forward velocity of 5 km/h, and the stubble clearing rate reached 79.44%, meeting the requirements of no-till seeding operation; The seeding pass index was 91.33%, the missed seeding index was 3.18%, the reseeding index was 5.49%, and the seeding uniformity met the industry standard. 【Conclusion】The corn precision no-till planter in drip irrigation area meets the design requirements and can effectively carry out stubble clearing, seeding and drip irrigation belt laying operations.

Key words: no-till planter; stubble clearing mechanism; corn seeder; drip irrigation belt laying

中图分类号:

S223.2

付浩, 张学军, 史增录, 程金鹏, 吴海峰, 于永良, 饶志强. 滴灌区玉米精量免耕播种机设计与试验[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1094-1101.

FU Hao, ZHANG Xuejun, SHI Zenglu, CHENG Jinpeng, WU Haifeng, YU Yongliang, RAO Zhiqiang. Design and experiment of corn precision no-till planter in drip irrigation area[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(5): 1094-1101.

图/表 11

图1 滴灌区玉米精量免耕播种机结构注:1.机架;2.双圆盘施肥开沟器;3.地轮机构;4.滴灌带铺设机构;5.播种单体;6.摩擦轮传动机构;7.肥料箱;8.机架连接座;9.连杆仿形机构;10.清茬机构;11.双圆盘播种开沟器;12.播种单体限深轮;13.覆土镇压机构;14.播种单体架;15.扰种侧充槽盘式玉米精量排种器;16.种箱

Fig.1 Structure diagram of corn precision no-till planter in drip irrigation area Note:1.Frame; 2.Double disc fertilizer opener; 3.Ground wheel mechanism; 4.Drip irrigation belt laying mechanism; 5.Sowing monomer; 6.Friction wheel transmission mechanism; 7.Fertilizer box; 8.Frame connection seat; 9.Linkage imitation mechanism; 10.Stubble clearing mechanism; 11.Double disc sowing opener; 12.Sowing monomer depth limiting wheel; 13.Mulching suppression mechanism; 14.Sowing monomer frame; 15.Seed-disturbing side-channel-filling disc-type corn precision seed metering device; 16.Seed box

图2 免耕播种与铺膜播种对照玉米试验长势对比

Fig.2 Comparison of the corn growth of no-till sowing and control trial of film sowing

图3 清茬机构结构示意注:1.收敛支撑架;2.清茬轮

Fig.3 Stubble clearing mechanism structure diagram Note:1.Convergence support frame; 2.Stubble clearing wheel

图4 清茬轮齿端作用点运动轨迹

Fig.4 Analysis of the trajectory of the action point of the tooth end of the stubble cleaning wheel

图5 清茬轮结构示意

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of stubble clearing wheel structure

图6 扰种侧充槽盘式玉米精量排种器结构注:1.前盖;2.取种盘;3.取种室壳;4.法兰;5.排种室壳;6.排种器轴;7.叶片轮;8.后盖;I.扰种台;II.导种槽;III.取种槽

Fig.6 Seed-disturbing side-channel-filling disc-type corn precision seed metering device structure diagram Note:1.Front cover; 2.Seed pickup disc; 3.Seed pickup chamber shell; 4.Flange; 5.Seed row chamber shell; 6.Seed rower shaft; 7.Blade wheel; 8.Rear cover; I.Seed disturbing table; II.Seed guide groove; III.Seed pickup groove

图7 排种器工作原理

Fig.7 Seed discharger working principle piagram

图8 滴灌带铺设机构结构注:1.机架连接杆;2.压簧四杆仿形机构;3.护板开沟器;4.倾斜双圆盘覆土装置;5.滴灌带悬挂盘

Fig.8 Structure diagram of drip irrigation belt laying mechanism Note:1.Frame connecting rod; 2.Pressure spring four-rod imitation mechanism; 3.Guard plate trencher; 4.Inclined double disc mulching device; 5.Drip irrigation belt suspension disk

图9 护板开沟器结构注:1.开沟器主体;2.护板;3.滴灌带导向轮

Fig.9 Structure diagram of guard plate trencher Note:1.Furrow opener main body; 2.Guard plate; 3.Drip irrigation belt guide wheel

图10 倾斜双圆盘式覆土装置作业原理

Fig.10 Operating principle diagram of tilting double-disc mulching device

表1 播种均匀性试验指标

Tab.1 Results of seeding uniformity test

试验指标 Test indexes	1	2	3	试验平均值 Test average	行业标准 Industry standards
合格指数 Qualification index(%)	91.35	92.79	89.86	91.33	≥80
漏播指数 Omission index(%)	3.04	2.95	3.54	3.18	≤8
重播指数 Replay index(%)	5.61	4.26	6.60	5.49	≤15

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滴灌区玉米精量免耕播种机设计与试验

Design and experiment of corn precision no-till planter in drip irrigation area

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