不同行距配置方式下棉花适宜种植密度的筛选

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.009

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (5): 1112-1121.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.009

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

不同行距配置方式下棉花适宜种植密度的筛选

刘超群¹(), 董合林²^,³, 万素梅¹, 郑苍松², 骆磊², 马云珍², 董祯林¹, 陈国栋¹^,³(), 李鹏程²^,³()

1.塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物育种与综合利用全国重点实验室, 河南安阳 455000
3.中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆昌吉 831100

收稿日期:2023-09-28 出版日期:2024-05-20 发布日期:2024-07-09
通信作者: 李鹏程(1972-),男,湖北荆州人,副研究员,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为棉花养分高效管理,(E-mail)lipengchengcri@163.com;
陈国栋(1986-),男,甘肃武威人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为作物高产与高效农作制度,(E-mail)cgdzky@163.com
作者简介:刘超群(1997-),男,河南周口人,硕士研究生,研究方向为干旱区农作制度,(E-mail)1172638580@qq.com
基金资助:
“丝路同源智慧闽昌”棉花减肥增效李鹏程团队项目,棉花产业技术体系岗位科学家(CARS-15-11);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-CCRI),棉花生物学国家重点实验室开放课题(CB2020A08);塔里木大学校长基金团队项目,棉花遗传改良与栽培创新研究团队(TDZKCX202309)

Study on suitable planting density of cotton with different row spacing configurations in southern Xinjiang

LIU Chaoqun¹(), DONG Helin²^,³, WAN Sumei¹, ZHENG Cangsong², LUO Lei², MA Yunzhen², DONG Zhenlin¹, CHEN Guodong¹^,³(), LI Pengcheng²^,³()

1. College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China
2. Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Anyang Henan 455000,China
3. Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji Xinjiang 831100, China

Received:2023-09-28 Published:2024-05-20 Online:2024-07-09
Correspondence author: LI Pengcheng (1972-), associate researcher, Ph.D.,research direction:cotton nutrient efficient management, (E-mail)lipengchengcri@163.com;
CHEN Guodong (1986-), professor, Ph.D.,research direction: crop high yield theory and technology,(E-mail)cgdzky@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同行距配置棉花适宜的种植密度,为新疆南疆机采棉筛选合理种植方式和适宜密度提供理论依据。【方法】通过大田试验,采用裂区试验设计,主区设置4个行距配置方式,即H₃:1膜3行(76 cm等行距)、H₄:1膜4行(66+10+66)cm、H₅:1膜5行(10+66+66+10 ) cm、H₆:1膜6行(10+66+10+66+10) cm;副区设置3个种植密度,分别为A₁:15×10⁴株/hm²、A₂:18.75×10⁴株/hm²、A₃:22.5×10⁴株/hm²,测定棉花农艺性状、叶面积、干物质积累量及籽棉产量,筛选不同行距配置下的棉花最适种植密度。【结果】不同行距棉花株高在打顶后表现为随密度增加而增高,A₃处理的株高均显著高于A₁处理;打顶后棉花茎粗随密度增加而变小,A₁处理的茎粗均显著高于A₃;棉花最大叶面积指数LAI在H₃和H₄条件下时表现为随密度的增加而增大,而在H₅和H₆条件下则表现为A₂密度下最大;不同行距棉花最大单位面积干物质积累量均为A₂处理的最大;密度显著影响籽棉产量和单位面积成铃数,行距显著影响单铃重。H₅A₂获得最高籽棉产量为7 026.9 kg/hm²,较其他处理高0.8%~14.5%。【结论】1膜3行(H₃)、1膜4行(H₄)、1膜6行(H₆)行距配置下较优化的棉花种植密度为22.5×10⁴株/hm²,1膜5行(H₅)适宜棉花种植密度为18.75×10⁴株/hm²。

关键词: 棉花; 行距; 密度; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】To explore the suitable planting density of cotton with different row spacing configurations in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the rational planting method and suitable density of machine cotton picking in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】Through field experimental research, the split-plot experimental design was adopted, and four row spacing configurations were set in the main area, namely 3 rows of H₃:1 membrane (76 cm equal row spacing), 4 rows of H₄:1 membrane (66+10+66) cm, 5 rows of H₅:1 membrane (10+66+66+10) cm, 6 rows of H₆:1 membrane (10+66+10+66+10) cm, and 3 planting densities were set in the secondary area, respectively, A₁:150,000 plants /hm².A₂: 187,500 plants/hm²; A₃: 225,000 plants/hm², the agronomic traits, leaf area, dry matter quality and seed cotton yield of cotton were determined in order to obtain the optimal planting density of cotton under different row spacing configurations.【Results】The experimental results showed that the plant heights of cotton with different row spacing increased with the increase of density after topping, and the plant heights of A₃ treatment were significantly higher than those of A₁ treatment.After topping, the thickness of cotton stems became smaller with the increase of density, and the thickness of the stems treated with A₁ was significantly higher than that of A₃.The maximum LAI of cotton increased with the increase of density under H₃ and H₄ conditions, while it was the maximum at A₂ density under H₅ and H₆ conditions.The maximum dry matter accumulation per unit area of cotton with different row spacing was the largest in A₂ treatment.The density significantly affected the yield of seed cotton and the number of bolls per unit area, and the row spacing significantly affected the weight of the single boll.The highest seed cotton yield obtained by H₅A₂ was 7,026.9 kg/hm², which was 0.8%-14.5% higher than that of other treatments.【Conclusion】Under the conditions of this study, the optimal planting density of 1 membrane with 3 rows(H₃), 1 membrane with 4 rows(H₄) and 1 membrane with 6 row(H₆) spacing was 225,000 plants/hm², and the suitable planting density of 1 membrane with 5 rows(H₅) was 187,500 plants/hm².

Key words: cotton; row spacing; density; yield

中图分类号:

S562

刘超群, 董合林, 万素梅, 郑苍松, 骆磊, 马云珍, 董祯林, 陈国栋, 李鹏程. 不同行距配置方式下棉花适宜种植密度的筛选[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1112-1121.

LIU Chaoqun, DONG Helin, WAN Sumei, ZHENG Cangsong, LUO Lei, MA Yunzhen, DONG Zhenlin, CHEN Guodong, LI Pengcheng. Study on suitable planting density of cotton with different row spacing configurations in southern Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(5): 1112-1121.

图/表 5

参考文献 26

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行距 Line spacing	密度 Density	回归方程 Regression equation	决定系数R² Coefficients determination	t₀(d)	Vm [g/(d·株)]	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	△t (d)
H₃	A₁	Y=1 871.0/(1+e⁴^.^{889 1-0}^.^{070 653}^t)	0.996 4^**	69.2	33.1	50.5	87.8	37.3
	A₂	Y=2 313.5/(1+e⁴^.^{358 3-0}^.^{061 060}^t)	0.988 6^*	71.3	35.3	49.8	92.9	43.1
	A₃	Y=2 404.7/(1+e⁴^.^{571 0-0}^.^{066 963}^t)	0.989 7^*	68.2	40.3	48.6	87.9	39.3
H₄	A₁	Y=1 970.1/(1+e⁴^.^{667 5-0}^.^{062 347}^t)	0.995 2^**	74.9	30.7	53.8	96.1	42.3
	A₂	Y=2 452.1/(1+e⁴^.^{453 4-0}^.^{054 947}^t)	0.992 0^**	81.1	33.7	57.1	105.1	48.0
	A₃	Y=2 085.1/(1+e⁵^.^{113 2-0}^.^{082 063})	0.967 4^*	62.3	42.8	46.2	78.3	32.1
H₅	A₁	Y=2 159.0/(1+e⁴^.^{442 4-0}^.^{057 897}^t)	0.999 7^**	76.7	31.3	54.0	99.5	45.5
	A₂	Y=2 302.2/(1+e³^.^{779 0-0}^.^{050 736}^t)	0.960 1^*	74.5	29.2	48.6	100.5	52.0
	A₃	Y=2 229.6/(1+e⁵^.^{228 5-0}^.^{081 024}^t)	0.998 7^**	64.5	45.1	48.3	80.8	32.5
H₆	A₁	Y=1 850.4/(1+e⁵^.^{370 4-0}^.^{077 934}^t)	0.995 3^**	68.9	36.0	52.0	85.8	33.8
	A₂	Y=2 109.0/(1+e⁶^.^{282 2-0}^.^{094 850}^t)	0.983 6^*	66.2	50.0	52.3	80.1	27.8
	A₃	Y=2 044.6/(1+e³^.^{992 1-0}^.^{058 679}^t)	1.000 0^**	68.0	30.0	45.6	90.4	44.9

行距 Line spacing	密度 Density	回归方程 Regression equation	决定系数R² Coefficients determination	t₀(d)	Vm [g/(d·株)]	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	△t (d)
H₃	A₁	Y=1 871.0/(1+e⁴^.^{889 1-0}^.^{070 653}^t)	0.996 4^**	69.2	33.1	50.5	87.8	37.3
	A₂	Y=2 313.5/(1+e⁴^.^{358 3-0}^.^{061 060}^t)	0.988 6^*	71.3	35.3	49.8	92.9	43.1
	A₃	Y=2 404.7/(1+e⁴^.^{571 0-0}^.^{066 963}^t)	0.989 7^*	68.2	40.3	48.6	87.9	39.3
H₄	A₁	Y=1 970.1/(1+e⁴^.^{667 5-0}^.^{062 347}^t)	0.995 2^**	74.9	30.7	53.8	96.1	42.3
	A₂	Y=2 452.1/(1+e⁴^.^{453 4-0}^.^{054 947}^t)	0.992 0^**	81.1	33.7	57.1	105.1	48.0
	A₃	Y=2 085.1/(1+e⁵^.^{113 2-0}^.^{082 063})	0.967 4^*	62.3	42.8	46.2	78.3	32.1
H₅	A₁	Y=2 159.0/(1+e⁴^.^{442 4-0}^.^{057 897}^t)	0.999 7^**	76.7	31.3	54.0	99.5	45.5
	A₂	Y=2 302.2/(1+e³^.^{779 0-0}^.^{050 736}^t)	0.960 1^*	74.5	29.2	48.6	100.5	52.0
	A₃	Y=2 229.6/(1+e⁵^.^{228 5-0}^.^{081 024}^t)	0.998 7^**	64.5	45.1	48.3	80.8	32.5
H₆	A₁	Y=1 850.4/(1+e⁵^.^{370 4-0}^.^{077 934}^t)	0.995 3^**	68.9	36.0	52.0	85.8	33.8
	A₂	Y=2 109.0/(1+e⁶^.^{282 2-0}^.^{094 850}^t)	0.983 6^*	66.2	50.0	52.3	80.1	27.8
	A₃	Y=2 044.6/(1+e³^.^{992 1-0}^.^{058 679}^t)	1.000 0^**	68.0	30.0	45.6	90.4	44.9

行距 Row spacing	密度 Density	收获株数 Harvested plants (10⁴ plants/hm²)	单位面积铃数 Boll No. per plan (个/m²)	单铃重 Single boll weight (g)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)
H₃	A₁	15.2 ^c	97.2^b	6.1^bcd	6 009.5^e	38.1^c
	A₂	18.3^b	104.8^b	6.0^d	6 079.0^de	40.8^abc
	A₃	22.6^a	102.8^b	6.1^cd	6 255.3^cde	41.1^abc
H₄	A₁	14.7^c	98.6^b	6.5^ab	6 298.7^bcde	39.8^abc
	A₂	18.8^b	107.5^ab	6.5^abc	6 866.1^abc	38.4^bc
	A₃	22.6^a	105.8^ab	6.6^a	6 976.6^ab	41.9^abc
H₅	A₁	14.9^c	99.5^b	6.1^bcd	6 017.2^e	39.7^abc
	A₂	18.6^b	115.6^a	6.1^abcd	7 026.9^a	42.4^ab
	A₃	22.5^a	107.7^ab	6.4^abcd	6 840.3^abc	41.4^abc
H₆	A₁	14.8^c	98.8^b	6.2^abcd	6 030.6^e	41.7^abc
	A₂	18.8^b	101.8^b	6.1^cd	6 180.8^cde	43.2^a
	A₃	23.0^a	101.5^b	6.6^a	6 776.2^abcd	41.6^abc
变异来源Source of variation
行距 Row spacing		ns	ns	^**	ns	ns
密度 Density		ns	^**	ns	^**	ns
密度×行距 Density×Row spacing		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

行距 Row spacing	密度 Density	收获株数 Harvested plants (10⁴ plants/hm²)	单位面积铃数 Boll No. per plan (个/m²)	单铃重 Single boll weight (g)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)
H₃	A₁	15.2 ^c	97.2^b	6.1^bcd	6 009.5^e	38.1^c
	A₂	18.3^b	104.8^b	6.0^d	6 079.0^de	40.8^abc
	A₃	22.6^a	102.8^b	6.1^cd	6 255.3^cde	41.1^abc
H₄	A₁	14.7^c	98.6^b	6.5^ab	6 298.7^bcde	39.8^abc
	A₂	18.8^b	107.5^ab	6.5^abc	6 866.1^abc	38.4^bc
	A₃	22.6^a	105.8^ab	6.6^a	6 976.6^ab	41.9^abc
H₅	A₁	14.9^c	99.5^b	6.1^bcd	6 017.2^e	39.7^abc
	A₂	18.6^b	115.6^a	6.1^abcd	7 026.9^a	42.4^ab
	A₃	22.5^a	107.7^ab	6.4^abcd	6 840.3^abc	41.4^abc
H₆	A₁	14.8^c	98.8^b	6.2^abcd	6 030.6^e	41.7^abc
	A₂	18.8^b	101.8^b	6.1^cd	6 180.8^cde	43.2^a
	A₃	23.0^a	101.5^b	6.6^a	6 776.2^abcd	41.6^abc
变异来源Source of variation
行距 Row spacing		ns	ns	^**	ns	ns
密度 Density		ns	^**	ns	^**	ns
密度×行距 Density×Row spacing		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

不同行距配置方式下棉花适宜种植密度的筛选

Study on suitable planting density of cotton with different row spacing configurations in southern Xinjiang

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