不同覆盖模式与补充灌溉对花生光合特性及干物质积累速率的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.010

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (5): 1122-1130.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.010

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

不同覆盖模式与补充灌溉对花生光合特性及干物质积累速率的影响

施俊杰¹(), 侯献飞², 于月华¹, 李强²(), 苗昊翠²(), 贾东海², 顾元国², 汪天玲²

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2023-10-15 出版日期:2024-05-20 发布日期:2024-07-09
通信作者: 李强(1980-),男,新疆乌鲁木齐人,研究员,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为油料作物育种与栽培,(E-mail)lq19820302@126.com;
苗昊翠(1981-),女,山东青岛人,研究员,研究方向为花生栽培与逆境生理(E-mail)mc09876@163.com
作者简介:施俊杰(1997-),女,山东济宁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为花生抗逆(盐碱)种质鉴定,(E-mail)1824949119@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项“油料作物种质资源收集与优异基因挖掘关键技术研究”(2022A03004-4);新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才项目(2021-2023年);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-13)

Effects of different mulching patterns and supplementary irrigation on peanut photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation

SHI Junjie¹(), HOU Xianfei², YU Yuehua¹, LI Qiang²(), MIAO Haocui²(), JIA Donghai², GU Yuanguo², WANG Tianling²

1. l College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China
2. Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China

Received:2023-10-15 Published:2024-05-20 Online:2024-07-09
Correspondence author: LI Qiang(1980-),male,from Xinjiang,researcher,Ph.D,research direction:oil crop breeding and cultivation,(E-mail)lq19820302@126.com;
MIAO Haocui(1981-),female,from Qingdao,Shandong,associate researcher,research direction:peanut cultivation and adversity physiology,(E-mail)mc09876@163.com
Supported by:
Fund projects:Major R & D Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region“Research on the Key Technology of Oilseed Crop Germplasm Resources Collection and Excellent Gene Mining”(2022A03004-4);Tianshan Talent Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021-2023年);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-13)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同覆盖模式与补充灌溉对花生干物质积累速率、光合特性及品质的影响。【方法】以花生品种冀花18(半匍匐型)和花育9610(直立型)为供试材料,设置无膜限制灌水(T₁)、无膜中等灌水(T₂)、无膜充分灌水(T₃)和有膜充分灌水(T₄)4个处理,分析不同处理下花生光合特性及品质的差异,制定适宜的组合模式。【结果】花育9610生育前期的土壤含水率T₄较T₁处理高3.26%,冀花18 T₄较T₁处理高3.63%;相同处理下,冀花18土壤含水量高于花育9610。T₄处理下花生干物质积累速率显著高于其他处理,与T₁~T₃处理相比,成熟期花育9610干物质积累速率地下部分别提高了0.6%、0.5%和0.3%,地上部分别提高了34.4%、17.9%和4.2%;冀花18干物质积累速率地下部分别提高了1.2%、0.8%和0.2%,地上部分别提高54.9%、37.2%和27.3%。相同处理下冀花18的蛋白质含量、含油量、油酸含量均高于花育9610;无膜处理下花育9610各类指标随着水分的增加而提高。【结论】T₄处理下花生各指标最佳。冀花18作为半匍匐型花生,能够增加地表覆盖面积,减少水分的蒸发,有利于提高土壤含水量,增加植株干物质积累,提高花生光合速率及品质。半匍匐型花生在无膜栽培模式下综合性状指标相对较优。

关键词: 花生; 覆盖模式; 补充灌溉; 干物质积累; 光合特性

Abstract:

【Objective】To study the effects of different mulching patterns and supplementary irrigation on soil water content, dry matter accumulation rate, photosynthesis and quality of peanut.【Methods】Jihua 18 (semi-prostrate-type ) and Huayu 9610 (erect type) peanuts were taken as test materials to set limited irrigation without film(T₁), medium irrigation without film(T₂), full irrigation without film(T₃), full irrigation with film(T₄), then tp analyze the photosynthetic characteristics and quality differences of peanuts under different treatments, and finally formulate a suitable combination model.【Results】The soil water content of peanut in T₄ treatment was the highest.The soil water content of Huayu 9610 in T₄ treatment was 3.26% higher than that in T₁ treatment at the early growth stage, and that of Jihua 18 T₄ was 3.63% higher than that in T₁ treatment; under the same treatment, the soil water content of Jihua 18 was higher than that of Huayu 9610.The dry matter growth rate of peanut under T₄ treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments.Compared with T₁-T₃ treatment, the underground growth rate of Huayu 9610 increased by 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.3%, and the aboveground growth rate increased by 34.4%, 17.9%, 4.2% respectively at maturity; The underground growth rate of Jihua 18 increased by 1.2%, 0.8% and 0.2%, and the aboveground growth rate increased by 54.9%, 37.2% and 27.3%, respectively.The protein, oil content and oleic acid content of Jihua 18 were higher than those of Huayu 9610 under the same treatment; All kinds of indexes of Huayu 9610 increased with the increase of water content under no film treatment.【Conclusion】T₄ treatment is beneficial to increase soil water content, dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic rate and quality of peanut.However, under the condition of film free cultivation, Jihua 18 (semi-prostrate-type) can increase the surface coverage area, reduce water evaporation, and maintain a higher soil moisture content and dry matter accumulation rate compared with Huayu 9610 (erect type).The comprehensive property index is better than that of upright peanut.

Key words: peanut; override mode; supplementary irrigation; dry matter accumulation; photosynthesis

中图分类号:

S565.2

施俊杰, 侯献飞, 于月华, 李强, 苗昊翠, 贾东海, 顾元国, 汪天玲. 不同覆盖模式与补充灌溉对花生光合特性及干物质积累速率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1122-1130.

SHI Junjie, HOU Xianfei, YU Yuehua, LI Qiang, MIAO Haocui, JIA Donghai, GU Yuanguo, WANG Tianling. Effects of different mulching patterns and supplementary irrigation on peanut photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(5): 1122-1130.

图/表 7

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处理 Treat- ments	品种 Vari- eties	初花期-开花期 Initial flowering- Flowering period		开花期-下针期 Flowering period-Needling period		下针期-结荚期 Needling period-Pod setting stage		结荚期-成熟期 Pod setting stage- Mature period
处理 Treat- ments	品种 Vari- eties	地下部干物质积累速率 Underground dry matter growth rate	地上部干物质积累速率 Growth rate of aboveground dry matter	地下部干物质积累速率 Underground dry matter growth rate	地上部干物质积累速率 Growth rate of aboveground dry matter	地下部干物质积累速率 Underground dry matter growth rate	地上部干物质积累速率 Growth rate of aboveground dry matter	地下部干物质积累速率 Underground dry matter growth rate	地上部干物质积累速率 Growth rate of aboveground dry matter
T₁无膜限制灌水 No film to limit irrigation	花育 9610	1.4±0.03^ab	17.4±0.20^b	1.7±0.04^b	32.0±0.10^c	3.0±0.32^c	48.8±6.91^d	1.8±0.07^b	16.1±1.08^c
T₁无膜限制灌水 No film to limit irrigation	冀花 18	0.7±0.01^b	9.8±0.04^bc	2.7±0.03^ab	46.3±0.90^b	3.8±0.45^c	60.1±2.94^c	1.9±0.28^b	20.8±7.17^c
T₂无膜中等灌水 No film medium irrigation	花育 9610	1.1±0.01^ab	17.1±0.04^b	2.9±0.06^ab	48.6±0.18^ab	4.1±0.12^b	64.6±7.24^b	1.9±0.30^b	32.6±2.99^bc
T₂无膜中等灌水 No film medium irrigation	冀花 18	0.8±0.02^b	6.6±0.06^c	3.0±0.03^a	53.3±0.11^ab	4.1±0.23^b	65.2±8.23^b	2.3±0.26^ab	38.5±8.65^bc
T₃无膜充分灌水 Full irrigation without film	花育 9610	0.4±0.01^b	7.9±0.03^bc	3.0±0.02^a	56.4±0.06^ab	4.2±0.16^b	71.1±3.92^ab	2.1±0.3^ab	46.3±9.96^b
T₃无膜充分灌水 Full irrigation without film	冀花 18	0.4±0.03^b	5.6±0.14^c	3.1±0.10^a	57.3±0.21^a	4.8±0.32^ab	70.2±8.51^ab	2.9±0.35^a	48.4±12.57^b
T₄有膜充分灌水 Full irrigation with film	花育 9610	2.8±0.01^a	45.4±0.10^a	3.1±0.10^a	56.5±0.18^ab	5.7±0.19^a	96.7±2.5^a	2.4±0.20^a	50.5±8.89^ab
T₄有膜充分灌水 Full irrigation with film	冀花 18	1.8±0.01^a	33.6±0.17^a	3.3±0.01^a	67.9±0.25^a	5.0±0.25^a	97.9±4.62^a	3.1±0.34^a	75.7±17.51^a

处理 Treat- ments	品种 Vari- eties	初花期-开花期 Initial flowering- Flowering period		开花期-下针期 Flowering period-Needling period		下针期-结荚期 Needling period-Pod setting stage		结荚期-成熟期 Pod setting stage- Mature period
处理 Treat- ments	品种 Vari- eties	地下部干物质积累速率 Underground dry matter growth rate	地上部干物质积累速率 Growth rate of aboveground dry matter	地下部干物质积累速率 Underground dry matter growth rate	地上部干物质积累速率 Growth rate of aboveground dry matter	地下部干物质积累速率 Underground dry matter growth rate	地上部干物质积累速率 Growth rate of aboveground dry matter	地下部干物质积累速率 Underground dry matter growth rate	地上部干物质积累速率 Growth rate of aboveground dry matter
T₁无膜限制灌水 No film to limit irrigation	花育 9610	1.4±0.03^ab	17.4±0.20^b	1.7±0.04^b	32.0±0.10^c	3.0±0.32^c	48.8±6.91^d	1.8±0.07^b	16.1±1.08^c
T₁无膜限制灌水 No film to limit irrigation	冀花 18	0.7±0.01^b	9.8±0.04^bc	2.7±0.03^ab	46.3±0.90^b	3.8±0.45^c	60.1±2.94^c	1.9±0.28^b	20.8±7.17^c
T₂无膜中等灌水 No film medium irrigation	花育 9610	1.1±0.01^ab	17.1±0.04^b	2.9±0.06^ab	48.6±0.18^ab	4.1±0.12^b	64.6±7.24^b	1.9±0.30^b	32.6±2.99^bc
T₂无膜中等灌水 No film medium irrigation	冀花 18	0.8±0.02^b	6.6±0.06^c	3.0±0.03^a	53.3±0.11^ab	4.1±0.23^b	65.2±8.23^b	2.3±0.26^ab	38.5±8.65^bc
T₃无膜充分灌水 Full irrigation without film	花育 9610	0.4±0.01^b	7.9±0.03^bc	3.0±0.02^a	56.4±0.06^ab	4.2±0.16^b	71.1±3.92^ab	2.1±0.3^ab	46.3±9.96^b
T₃无膜充分灌水 Full irrigation without film	冀花 18	0.4±0.03^b	5.6±0.14^c	3.1±0.10^a	57.3±0.21^a	4.8±0.32^ab	70.2±8.51^ab	2.9±0.35^a	48.4±12.57^b
T₄有膜充分灌水 Full irrigation with film	花育 9610	2.8±0.01^a	45.4±0.10^a	3.1±0.10^a	56.5±0.18^ab	5.7±0.19^a	96.7±2.5^a	2.4±0.20^a	50.5±8.89^ab
T₄有膜充分灌水 Full irrigation with film	冀花 18	1.8±0.01^a	33.6±0.17^a	3.3±0.01^a	67.9±0.25^a	5.0±0.25^a	97.9±4.62^a	3.1±0.34^a	75.7±17.51^a

测量指标 Measurement indicators	品种 Varieties	不同处理(平均值±标准差) Different treatments(mean±standard deviation)
测量指标 Measurement indicators	品种 Varieties	T₁无膜限制灌水 T₁ Non-film limited irrigation	T₂无膜中等灌水 T₂ Medium irrigation without film	T₃无膜充分灌水 T₃ Full irrigation Without film	T₄有膜充分灌水 T₄ Fullirrigation with film
蛋白质 Protein	花育9610	21.56±0.38^a	22.79±0.32^a	22.90±0.17^a	22.97±0.11^a
蛋白质 Protein	冀花18	24.06±0.09^a	23.95±0.12^b	23.23±0.05^b	24.93±0.47^a
含油量 Oil content	花育9610	49.61±0.29^a	50.35±0.44^b	50.42±0.19^a	50.20±0.02^a
含油量 Oil content	冀花18	49.87±0.12^b	50.57±0.04^b	51.21±0.06^a	51.23±0.34^a
脯氨酸 Proline	花育9610	0.54±0.02^c	0.56±0.02^c	0.63±0.01^b	0.74±0.01^a
脯氨酸 Proline	冀花18	0.62±0.01^b	0.58±0.04^b	0.56±0.01^b	0.75±0.01^a
亚油酸 Linoleic acid	花育9610	42.15±0.08^c	43.21±0.42^b	43.68±0.06^ab	44.58±0.31^a
亚油酸 Linoleic acid	冀花18	12.47±0.07^b	15.99±1.09^ab	14.61±1.33^ab	17.37±1.19^a
油酸 Oleic acid	花育9610	31.74±0.63^b	32.85±0.12^b	32.95±0.10^b	34.29±0.21^a
油酸 Oleic acid	冀花18	63.68±1.62^b	65.49±1.02^ab	67.40±1.55^ab	69.11±0.02^a

测量指标 Measurement indicators	品种 Varieties	不同处理(平均值±标准差) Different treatments(mean±standard deviation)
测量指标 Measurement indicators	品种 Varieties	T₁无膜限制灌水 T₁ Non-film limited irrigation	T₂无膜中等灌水 T₂ Medium irrigation without film	T₃无膜充分灌水 T₃ Full irrigation Without film	T₄有膜充分灌水 T₄ Fullirrigation with film
蛋白质 Protein	花育9610	21.56±0.38^a	22.79±0.32^a	22.90±0.17^a	22.97±0.11^a
蛋白质 Protein	冀花18	24.06±0.09^a	23.95±0.12^b	23.23±0.05^b	24.93±0.47^a
含油量 Oil content	花育9610	49.61±0.29^a	50.35±0.44^b	50.42±0.19^a	50.20±0.02^a
含油量 Oil content	冀花18	49.87±0.12^b	50.57±0.04^b	51.21±0.06^a	51.23±0.34^a
脯氨酸 Proline	花育9610	0.54±0.02^c	0.56±0.02^c	0.63±0.01^b	0.74±0.01^a
脯氨酸 Proline	冀花18	0.62±0.01^b	0.58±0.04^b	0.56±0.01^b	0.75±0.01^a
亚油酸 Linoleic acid	花育9610	42.15±0.08^c	43.21±0.42^b	43.68±0.06^ab	44.58±0.31^a
亚油酸 Linoleic acid	冀花18	12.47±0.07^b	15.99±1.09^ab	14.61±1.33^ab	17.37±1.19^a
油酸 Oleic acid	花育9610	31.74±0.63^b	32.85±0.12^b	32.95±0.10^b	34.29±0.21^a
油酸 Oleic acid	冀花18	63.68±1.62^b	65.49±1.02^ab	67.40±1.55^ab	69.11±0.02^a

主成分 Main ingredients	初始特征值Initial eigenvalue
主成分 Main ingredients	合计 Total	方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate(%)	累积方差贡献率 Cumulative variance contribution rate(%)
1	5.757	33.868	33.868
2	3.523	20.726	54.593
3	2.842	16.716	71.31
4	1.391	8.184	79.493
5	0.888	5.222	84.715
6	0.778	4.575	89.29
7	0.512	3.01	92.3
8	0.472	2.776	95.076
9	0.275	1.616	96.691
10	0.220	1.294	97.985
11	0.179	1.052	99.038
12	0.097	0.569	99.607
13	0.028	0.167	99.774
14	0.026	0.152	99.926
15	0.011	0.067	99.993
16	0.001	0.007	100

不同覆盖模式与补充灌溉对花生光合特性及干物质积累速率的影响

Effects of different mulching patterns and supplementary irrigation on peanut photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation

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Metrics

指标 Indexes	成分Component				成分系数Composition coefficient
指标 Indexes	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4
单株生物产量Single plant biomass	0.659	-0.147	0.457	0.385	0.114	-0.042	0.161	0.277
主茎高Main stem height	0.317	0.481	0.459	-0.492	0.055	0.137	0.162	-0.353
总分枝数Total number of branches	0.195	-0.152	0.370	0.521	0.034	-0.043	0.130	0.375
第一侧枝长First lateral branch length	0.736	0.090	0.185	-0.373	0.128	0.025	0.065	-0.268
有效枝长Effective branch length	0.653	0.269	0.062	0.173	0.113	0.076	0.022	0.124
茎粗Stem diameter	0.663	-0.266	-0.331	-0.283	0.115	-0.075	-0.116	-0.203
单株总果数 Total number of fruit branches per plant	0.943	0.150	-0.02	-0.094	0.164	0.043	-0.007	-0.067
单株饱果Single plant full fruit	0.946	0.145	-0.026	-0.102	0.164	0.041	-0.009	-0.073
双仁果Shuangren fruit	0.904	0.203	0.024	-0.205	0.157	0.058	0.008	-0.147
单仁果Single kernel fruit	0.782	-0.077	-0.167	0.296	0.136	-0.022	-0.059	0.213
单株产量Yield per plant	0.439	-0.126	0.627	0.410	0.076	-0.036	0.221	0.295
百果重Hundred fruit weight	-0.424	0.077	0.801	-0.196	-0.074	0.022	0.282	-0.141
百仁重100-seed weight	-0.365	0.113	0.847	-0.187	-0.063	0.032	0.298	-0.135
光合速率Photosynthetic rate	-0.123	0.799	0.354	0.042	-0.021	0.227	0.125	0.031
气孔导度Stomatal conductance	-0.023	0.940	-0.100	0.240	-0.004	0.267	-0.035	0.172
胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration	-0.153	0.751	-0.434	0.073	-0.027	0.213	-0.153	0.053
蒸腾速率Transpiration rate	-0.137	0.940	-0.181	0.160	-0.024	0.267	-0.064	0.115

品种/处理 Varieties Treatments	Y₁	Y₂	Y₃	Y₄	得分 Points	排序 Sort
花育9610/T₁无膜限制灌水 Huayu9610 non-film limited irrigation	-4.79	-3.39	1.65	-0.37	-6.91	8
冀花18/T₁无膜限制灌水 Jihua 18 non-film limited irrigation	-5.81	0.54	2.96	-0.64	-2.95	6
花育9610/T₂无膜中等灌水 Huayu9610 medium irrigation without film	-5.19	1.94	0.47	-0.17	-2.94	7
冀花18/T₂无膜中等灌水 Jihua 18 medium irrigation without film	3.92	-2.59	-2.92	-0.53	-2.12	4
花育9610/T₃无膜充分灌水 Huayu9610 full irrigation Without film	-1.51	0.79	-2.79	0.78	-2.72	5
冀花18/T₃无膜充分灌水 Jihua 18 full irrigation Without film	2.16	0.44	-3.18	0.82	0.24	3
花育9610/T₄有膜充分灌水 Huayu9610 full irrigation with film	-1.14	2.30	2.27	-0.73	2.71	2
冀花18/T₄有膜充分灌水 Jihua 18 full irrigation with film	8.29	0.73	2.83	0.35	12.20	1

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