水肥耦合对核桃光合特性及产量和品质的效应

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.013

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (5): 1151-1159.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.013

水肥耦合对核桃光合特性及产量和品质的效应

周光辉¹^,²(), 陈凤¹, 孙守霞¹, 吕威¹, 朴涵琪¹^,², 郝金莲¹^,², 张述斌¹, 陈虹¹()

1.新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆佳木果树学国家长期科研基地,新疆阿克苏 843101

收稿日期:2023-09-19 出版日期:2024-05-20 发布日期:2024-07-09
通信作者: 陈虹(1981-),女,四川南充人,教授,博士,研究方向为果树栽培与生理,(E-mail)ch333999@126.com
作者简介:周光辉(1996-),男,河南通许人,硕士研究生,研究方向为森林培育,(E-mail)2392704217@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2021A02002-2);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2022D01A180);2021年新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才计划(第三期)

Study on the effect of water-fertilizer coupling on photosynthetic properties yield quality of walnut

ZHOU Guanghui¹^,²(), CHEN Feng¹, SUN Shouxia¹, LYU Wei¹, PIAO Hanqi¹^,², HAO Jinlian¹^,², ZHANG Shubin¹, CHEN Hong¹()

1. Collage of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Jiamu National Key Tree Species Base of Pomology in Xinjiang,Aksu Xinjiang 843101, China

Received:2023-09-19 Published:2024-05-20 Online:2024-07-09
Correspondence author: CHEN Hong(1981-),female, from Nanchong,Sichuan,doctor,professor,research direction: fruit tree cultivation and physiology,(E-mail)ch333999@126.com
Supported by:
Major R & D Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021A02002-2);National Natural Science Foundation of China(2022D01A180);2021 Tianshan Talent Program of the Autonomous Region(Phase III)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析水肥耦合对11年生温185核桃光合特性、产量和品质的差异,分析核桃适宜水肥调控阈值,研究提高核桃光合特性、产量及品质的适宜水肥组合,为新疆阿克苏地区温宿县核桃水肥管理提供一定的理论依据。【方法】以温185核桃为材料,设置不同梯度的水肥耦合模式,研究水肥耦合对核桃光合特性、产量和果实品质的效应。【结果】同等肥力条件下,随着灌溉量增加,核桃叶片Pn值、产量和果实品质指标均呈逐渐上升的趋势,并且各指标之间差异性显著(P<0.05)。同等灌溉量下,低水时,随着施肥量的增加,核桃叶片Pn值及产量,果实的品质均呈先上升后下降的趋势;中水及高水时,随着施肥量的增加,核桃叶片Pn值及产量,果实品质总体呈上升趋势,但各指标之间差异性不显著(P>0.05)。各水肥耦合处理下,核桃叶片Pn值及产量,果实品质指标均高于对照处理。【结论】新疆阿克苏地区温宿县沙壤土适宜浇水量为3.92 m³/株,施肥量为5.50 kg/株。不同水肥组合对温185核桃光合作用、产量和果实品质具有显著影响,水肥耦合处理均可以提高温185核桃的光合特性、产量与品质。

关键词: 核桃; 水肥耦合; 多元二次回归方程

Abstract:

【Objective】To explore the effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on the yield and quality of Wen185 walnuts, determine the optimal water and fertilizer regulation thresholds for the fruit tree and ascertain the optimal water and fertilizer combinations to improve walnut yield in the hope of providing some knowledge for understanding the coupling relationship of water and fertilizer in the trees in Xinjiang. 【Methods】Wen 185 walnut was taken as the test species and different water and fertilizer and their interaction gradients were set to study their effects on walnut photosynthetic, yield and fruit quality. 【Results】Under the same fertility condition, with the increase of irrigation quantity, walnut leaf Pn value, yield and fruit quality indexes showed a increasing trend, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Under the same irrigation amount, in low water, with the increase of fertilization, the walnut leaf Pn value and yield, the quality of fruit increased first and then decreased; in medium water and high water, with the increase of fertilization, the walnut leaf Pn value and yield, fruit quality showed an upward trend, but the difference was not significant (P> 0.05). 【Conclusion】The suitable watering amount was 3.92 m³/plant and fertilizer application amount was 5.50 kg/plant in sandy soil of Wensu County, Aksu,Xinjing.Water and fertilizer have great influence on the yield and fruit quality of Wen 185 walnut, and water and fertilizer coupling treatments can improve the photosynthesis, yield and quality of the walnut.

Key words: walnut; water-fertilizer coupling; membership quadratic regression equation

中图分类号:

S664.1

周光辉, 陈凤, 孙守霞, 吕威, 朴涵琪, 郝金莲, 张述斌, 陈虹. 水肥耦合对核桃光合特性及产量和品质的效应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1151-1159.

ZHOU Guanghui, CHEN Feng, SUN Shouxia, LYU Wei, PIAO Hanqi, HAO Jinlian, ZHANG Shubin, CHEN Hong. Study on the effect of water-fertilizer coupling on photosynthetic properties yield quality of walnut[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(5): 1151-1159.

图/表 6

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处理 Treatments (水-肥) Water- fertilizer)	株灌水量 (m³/株) Irrigation amount of each plant (m³/plant)	株施尿素 (kg/株) The weight of urea was kg/ plant for each plant (kg/plant)	株施过磷酸钙 (kg/株) Phosphorus application weight per plant (kg/plant)	株施硫酸钾 (kg/株) Apply potassium sulfate to each plant (kg/plant)	株施肥总量 (kg/株) The total fertilizer weight per plant (kg/ plant)
H-H	4	3.65	2.28	0.99	6.92
H-M	4	3.04	1.90	0.82	5.75
H-L	4	2.43	1.52	0.66	4.61
M-H	3	3.65	2.28	0.99	6.92
M-M	3	3.04	1.90	0.82	5.75
M-L	3	2.43	1.52	0.66	4.61
L-H	2	3.65	2.28	0.99	6.92
L-M	2	3.04	1.90	0.82	5.75
L-L	2	2.43	1.52	0.66	4.61
CK	0	0	0	0	0

处理 Treatments (水-肥) Water- fertilizer)	株灌水量 (m³/株) Irrigation amount of each plant (m³/plant)	株施尿素 (kg/株) The weight of urea was kg/ plant for each plant (kg/plant)	株施过磷酸钙 (kg/株) Phosphorus application weight per plant (kg/plant)	株施硫酸钾 (kg/株) Apply potassium sulfate to each plant (kg/plant)	株施肥总量 (kg/株) The total fertilizer weight per plant (kg/ plant)
H-H	4	3.65	2.28	0.99	6.92
H-M	4	3.04	1.90	0.82	5.75
H-L	4	2.43	1.52	0.66	4.61
M-H	3	3.65	2.28	0.99	6.92
M-M	3	3.04	1.90	0.82	5.75
M-L	3	2.43	1.52	0.66	4.61
L-H	2	3.65	2.28	0.99	6.92
L-M	2	3.04	1.90	0.82	5.75
L-L	2	2.43	1.52	0.66	4.61
CK	0	0	0	0	0

处理 Treatments	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate	株产量 Yield(kg)
H-H	13.23±0.24^a	13.94±0.08^a
H-M	12.34±0.31^b	13.86±0.03^a
H-L	12.11±0.08^bc	13.67±0.05^b
M-H	11.92±0.08^c	13.64±0.05^b
M-M	11.39±0.21^d	13.55±0.05^bc
M-L	10.90±0.17^e	13.43±0.03^c
L-H	9.75±0.10^f	12.73±0.16^e
L-M	10.00±0.16^f	13.21±0.06^d
L-L	9.79±0.14^f	13.03±0.02^d
CK	5.58±0.27^g	8.27±0.19^f

处理 Treatments	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate	株产量 Yield(kg)
H-H	13.23±0.24^a	13.94±0.08^a
H-M	12.34±0.31^b	13.86±0.03^a
H-L	12.11±0.08^bc	13.67±0.05^b
M-H	11.92±0.08^c	13.64±0.05^b
M-M	11.39±0.21^d	13.55±0.05^bc
M-L	10.90±0.17^e	13.43±0.03^c
L-H	9.75±0.10^f	12.73±0.16^e
L-M	10.00±0.16^f	13.21±0.06^d
L-L	9.79±0.14^f	13.03±0.02^d
CK	5.58±0.27^g	8.27±0.19^f

试验因子 Test factor	F值 F value
W	18.34^**
F	21.26^**
W×F	10.31^**

水肥耦合对核桃光合特性及产量和品质的效应

Study on the effect of water-fertilizer coupling on photosynthetic properties yield quality of walnut

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Metrics

处理 Treatments	单果重 Single fruit weight(g)	出仁率 Kernel rate(%)	油脂 Oil(%)	蛋白质 Protein(mg/g)
H-H	14.46±0.12^a	68.35±0.19^a	65.91±0.21^a	180.78±5.97^bcd
H-M	13.43±0.17^b	67.98±0.25^ab	65.81±0.34^a	183.72±1.28^abc
H-L	13.11±0.08^c	67.77±0.23^b	65.39±0.20^a	188.15±2.98^ab
M-H	12.92±0.08^c	66.67±0.08^c	63.99±0.53^b	183.43±3.25^abc
M-M	12.45±0.11^d	66.40±0.10^c	64.21±0.16^b	184.27±6.96^abc
M-L	11.94±0.14^e	66.26±0.14^c	64.01±0.16^b	189.24±1.82^a
L-H	10.71±0.04^g	64.02±0.52^e	61.21±0.30^d	179.35±2.74^bc
L-M	10.98±0.04^f	64.75±0.24^d	61.78±0.12^c	174.88±2.90^d
L-L	10.76±0.03^ef	64.23±0.13^e	61.44±0.08^cd	163.62±3.52^e
CK	6.58±0.27^h	55.17±0.30^f	53.08±0.22^e	139.07±4.85^f

试验因子 Test factor	营养品质Nutritional quality
试验因子 Test factor	单果重 Single fruit weight (g)	出仁率 Kernel rate (%)	油脂 Oil (%)	蛋白质 Protein (mg/g)
W	17.13^**	15.71^**	21.18^**	16.48^**
F	20.48^**	23.05^**	23.57^**	19.73^**
W×F	7.67^**	8.38^**	8.81^**	10.91^**

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