调亏灌溉对滴灌核桃树根系空间分布特征的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.014

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (5): 1160-1171.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.014

调亏灌溉对滴灌核桃树根系空间分布特征的影响

刘钧庆¹^,²(), 梁国成³, 张欣⁴, 王庆勇⁴, 赵经华¹^,²()

1.新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052
3.乌鲁木齐经济技术开发区(头屯河区)建设局,乌鲁木齐 830026
4.新疆额尔齐斯河投资开发(集团)有限公司,乌鲁木齐 830000

收稿日期:2023-09-27 出版日期:2024-05-20 发布日期:2024-07-09
通信作者: 赵经华(1979-),男,新疆奇台人,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为节水灌溉,(E-mail)105512275@qq.com
作者简介:刘钧庆(1994-),男,河北沧州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为灌溉节水,(E-mail)1013835377@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2022277060)

Study on spatial distribution characteristics of walnut root system under regulated deficit drip irrigation

LIU Junqing¹^,²(), LIANG Guocheng³, ZHANG Xin⁴, WANG Qingyong⁴, ZHAO Jinghua¹^,²()

1. School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy Engineering Safety and Water Disaster Prevention and Control, Urumqi 830052, China
3. Construction Bureau of Urumqi Economic and Technological Development Zone (Toutunhe District), Urumqi 830026, China
4. Xinjiang Erqi River Investment and Development (Group) Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830000, China

Received:2023-09-27 Published:2024-05-20 Online:2024-07-09
Correspondence author: Zhao Jinghua (1979-), male, from Qitai, Xinjiang, professor, doctoral supervisor, research direction: water-saving irrigation theory and efficient crop water use,(E-mail)105512275@qq.com
Supported by:
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation Project(2022277060)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析小于2 mm的滴灌核桃有效吸水根系分布特性,建立有效根长密度函数,研究不同调亏灌溉对核桃树根系空间分布特性,为滴灌核桃精准调亏灌溉提供理论依据。【方法】以14年生温185核桃树为试材,采用30 cm×20 cm×20 cm的分段分层法,取样分析有效吸水根系(d<2 mm)分布特征,研究调亏灌溉对滴灌核桃树有效根系空间分布的影响。【结果】在不同调亏灌溉处理中,W₀、W₃、W₄的核桃树有效总根长分布总体变化趋势表现为单峰曲线,且各个调亏处理在20~40 cm有效总根长最大,分别为50 959、74 067、55 678 cm。不同处理下垂直方向根长密度一维符合指数分布,且水平方向根长密度符合多项式分布。W₀、W₃、W₄各处理有效根长均表现出土层深度在20~40 cm,在距离核桃树行向30~60 cm处最大,分别为11 794、22 753、14 119 cm。【结论】不同调亏灌溉处理下,滴灌核桃树根系有效生长密度表现为W₃>W₄>W₀,调亏滴灌灌溉模式使核桃吸水根系更靠近地表生长。

关键词: 核桃树; 调亏灌溉; 有效吸水根系; 空间分布

Abstract:

【Objective】 this paper mainly aims to analyze the distribution characteristics of effective root length less than 2 mm and establish the density function of effective root length to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of walnut roots under different regulated deficit irrigation.【Methods】The effect of Regulated Deficit Drip Irrigation on the spatial distribution of effective root system of walnut tree was studied by excavating the pre-set small soil block (30×20×20) cm by using 14-year-old Wen 185 walnut tree as test material.【Results】It was found that the total effective root length distribution of walnut trees in W₀, W₃ and W₄ showed a single peak curve in different deficit regulation drip irrigation treatments, and the total effective root length of each deficit regulation treatment was the largest at 20-40 cm, which were 50,959, 74,067 and 55,678 cm, respectively.Based on the one-dimensional effective root length density distribution of walnut trees, it was concluded that the root length density of different treatments at different soil depths conformed to exponential distribution, and the root length density of different treatments at different horizontal distances from walnut trees accorded with polynomial distribution.According to the two-dimensional effective root length density distribution of walnut trees, whether it was the change of effective root length along the row direction with the depth of soil layer or the change of effective root length along the plant direction with the depth of soil layer, W₀, W₃ and W₄ treatments all showed that the depth of soil layer was 20-40 cm, and the maximum was 30-60 cm away from the row direction of walnut trees, which was 11,794, 22,753 and 14,119 cm.【Conclusion】The effects of different Regulated Deficit Drip Irrigation Treatments on the spatial distribution of walnut roots are as follows: root growth of W₃ > root growth of W₄ > root growth of W₀.

Key words: walnut tree; deficit drip irrigation; root system; space distribution

中图分类号:

S664

刘钧庆, 梁国成, 张欣, 王庆勇, 赵经华. 调亏灌溉对滴灌核桃树根系空间分布特征的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1160-1171.

LIU Junqing, LIANG Guocheng, ZHANG Xin, WANG Qingyong, ZHAO Jinghua. Study on spatial distribution characteristics of walnut root system under regulated deficit drip irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(5): 1160-1171.

图/表 16

参考文献 36

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生育期 Growth Period	时间 Time(M/D)	W₀	W₁	W₂	W₃	W₄
萌芽期(Ⅰ) Germination stage (Ⅰ)	4/11-4/27	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	50%ET_C	75%ET_C
开花坐果期(Ⅱ) Flowering and fruiting period (Ⅱ)	4/28-5/25	ET_C	50%ETc	75%ET_C	50%ETc	75%ET_C
果实膨大期(Ⅲ) Fruit Expansion Stage (Ⅲ)	5/26-6/23	ET_C	75%ET_C	ET_C	50%ET_C	75%ET_C
硬核期(Ⅳ) Hard Core Stage (Ⅳ)	6/24-7/19	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C
油脂转化期(Ⅴ) Oil conversion period (Ⅴ)	7/20-8/31	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C
成熟期(Ⅵ) Maturity period (Ⅵ)	9/01-9/25	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C

生育期 Growth Period	时间 Time(M/D)	W₀	W₁	W₂	W₃	W₄
萌芽期(Ⅰ) Germination stage (Ⅰ)	4/11-4/27	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	50%ET_C	75%ET_C
开花坐果期(Ⅱ) Flowering and fruiting period (Ⅱ)	4/28-5/25	ET_C	50%ETc	75%ET_C	50%ETc	75%ET_C
果实膨大期(Ⅲ) Fruit Expansion Stage (Ⅲ)	5/26-6/23	ET_C	75%ET_C	ET_C	50%ET_C	75%ET_C
硬核期(Ⅳ) Hard Core Stage (Ⅳ)	6/24-7/19	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C
油脂转化期(Ⅴ) Oil conversion period (Ⅴ)	7/20-8/31	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C
成熟期(Ⅵ) Maturity period (Ⅵ)	9/01-9/25	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C	ET_C

土层 Soil layer (cm)	密度 Density (g/cm³)	土壤粒径比例Soil particle size ratio (%)				土壤性质 Soil properties
土层 Soil layer (cm)	密度 Density (g/cm³)	<0.002 mm	0.002~0.05 mm	0.05~2 mm	>2 mm	土壤性质 Soil properties
0~20	1.38	7.0	56.5	36.5	0	粉砂壤土
20~40	1.42	7.2	67.9	24.9	0	粉砂壤土
40~60	1.40	2.9	15.8	81.3	0	壤砂土
60~80	1.38	0.1	1.7	98.2	0	细砂
80~100	1.35	0.2	8.0	91.8	0	细砂

土层 Soil layer (cm)	密度 Density (g/cm³)	土壤粒径比例Soil particle size ratio (%)				土壤性质 Soil properties
土层 Soil layer (cm)	密度 Density (g/cm³)	<0.002 mm	0.002~0.05 mm	0.05~2 mm	>2 mm	土壤性质 Soil properties
0~20	1.38	7.0	56.5	36.5	0	粉砂壤土
20~40	1.42	7.2	67.9	24.9	0	粉砂壤土
40~60	1.40	2.9	15.8	81.3	0	壤砂土
60~80	1.38	0.1	1.7	98.2	0	细砂
80~100	1.35	0.2	8.0	91.8	0	细砂

土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	相对土层深度 Relative soil depth	有效根长密度 Effective root length density (cm/cm³)			相对有效根长密度 Relative effective root length density
土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	相对土层深度 Relative soil depth	W₀	W₃	W₄	W₀	W₃	W₄
20	0.2	0.051	0.088	0.079	0.205	0.516	0.427
40	0.3	0.123	0.247	0.186	0.721	1.000	1.000
60	0.5	0.170	0.130	0.129	1.000	0.527	0.698
80	0.7	0.075	0.040	0.071	0.440	0.160	0.384
100	0.8	0.052	0.005	0.041	0.309	0.021	0.219
120	1.0	0.066	0.022	0.039	0.390	0.090	0.212

调亏灌溉对滴灌核桃树根系空间分布特征的影响

Study on spatial distribution characteristics of walnut root system under regulated deficit drip irrigation

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Metrics

距树干水平距离 Horizontal distance from tree trunk(cm)	相对水平距离 Relative horizontal distance	有效根长密度 Effective root length density (cm/cm³)			相对有效根长密度 Relative effective root length density
距树干水平距离 Horizontal distance from tree trunk(cm)	相对水平距离 Relative horizontal distance	W₀	W₃	W₄	W₀	W₃	W₄
30	0.2	0.061	0.086	0.082	0.584	0.704	0.719
60	0.4	0.104	0.123	0.113	1.000	1.000	1.000
90	0.6	0.093	0.112	0.106	0.890	0.914	0.934
120	0.8	0.091	0.083	0.089	0.875	0.677	0.782
150	1	0.083	0.050	0.069	0.792	0.408	0.607

行向距离 Direction distance (cm)		土层深度Soil depth(cm)
行向距离 Direction distance (cm)		20	40	60	80	100	120
W₀	30	4 632	8 774	11 615	5 197	3 450	4 640
	60	5 672	8 921	11 794	5 840	3 704	5 538
	90	3 171	7 854	11 001	4 144	2 901	4 128
	120	1 342	6 739	8 696	3 990	2 830	3 700
	150	343	4 468	7 853	3 259	2 858	1 873
平均值Average value		3 032	7 351	10 192	4 486	3 148	3 976
W₃	30	7 361	17 318	9 571	3 067	292	1 419
	60	10 161	22 753	9 585	3 582	851	1 913
	90	6 798	14 687	8 266	2 935	246	1 357
	120	1 861	9 961	7 539	1 439	148	1 312
	150	116	9 348	4 051	863	45	697
平均值Average value		5 259	14 813	7 802	2 377	316	1 339
W₄	30	5 321	12 889	10 927	3 840	2 810	2 554
	60	5 691	14 119	11 010	8 519	3 452	3 243
	90	4 927	10 634	5 824	3 301	2 633	2 413
	120	4 457	10 536	5 573	2 999	1 655	2 413
	150	3 390	7 500	5 508	2 716	1 621	1 176
平均值Average value		4 757	11 136	7 768	4 275	2 434	2 360

株向距离 Plant orientation distance(cm)		土层深度Soil depth(cm)
株向距离 Plant orientation distance(cm)		20	40	60	80	100	120
W₀	20	3 767	10 255	11 195	5 156	4 330	4 396
	40	3 845	7 712	10 708	4 552	3 343	4 491
	60	3 020	6 951	10 672	4 545	3 131	3 810
	80	2 596	6 118	9 465	4 500	2 920	3 728
	100	1 933	5 719	8 920	3 677	2 017	3 453
平均值Average value		3 032	7 351	10 192	4 486	3 148	3 976
W₃	20	6 111	16 881	10 160	2 853	919	2 295
	40	5 476	16 202	9 129	2 563	442	1 467
	60	5 478	16 076	8 696	2 304	102	1 111
	80	4 656	13 045	5 992	2 203	63	942
	100	4 576	11 862	5 034	1 963	56	883
平均值Average value		5 259	14 813	7 802	2 377	316	1 339
W₄	20	6 517	16 217	10 298	7 109	4 489	2 754
	40	6 019	14 160	8 586	5 998	2 123	2 739
	60	4 363	10 978	7 503	3 579	2 226	2 519
	80	3 861	8 211	6 472	2 663	1 987	2 011
	100	3 025	6 112	5 982	2 027	1 346	1 777
平均值Average value		4 757	11 136	7 768	4 275	2 434	2 360

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