陆地棉果枝夹角与机采农艺性状鉴定评价

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.003

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (6): 1318-1327.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.003

• 作物遗传育种•种质资源•分子遗传学•耕作栽培•生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

陆地棉果枝夹角与机采农艺性状鉴定评价

叶萍毅¹(), 龙遗磊², 谭彦平³, 杜霄³, 安梦洁³, 陶志鑫⁴, 梁发瑞¹, 艾先涛²(), 胡守林¹()

1.塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.新疆大学,乌鲁木齐 830000
3.新疆大学,乌鲁木齐 830046
4.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2023-10-31 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-08-08
通信作者: 艾先涛(1979-),男,陕西米脂人,研究员,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为棉花遗传育种,(E-mail)yixiantao@sina.com;
胡守林(1968-),男,河南安阳人,教授,研究方向为棉花遗传育种,(E-mail)hushoulinghu@163.com
作者简介:叶萍毅(1999-),男,浙江温州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为棉花遗传育种,(E-mail)pinyye@163.com
基金资助:
中央引导地方科技发展专项(2022)“南疆机采棉表型鉴定遗传改良平台与新品种师范推广转化体系建设”;新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育专项(XJKCPY-2021005);新疆维吾尔自治区法人科技特派员项目(2022BKZ006);新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆计划项目(2020E02097)

Identification and evaluation of fruit branch angle and machine-picked agronomic traits in Gossypium hirsutum L.

YE Pingyi¹(), LONG Yilei², TANG Yanping³, DU Xiao³, AN Mengjie³, TAO Zhixin⁴, LIANG Farui¹, AI Xiantao²(), HU Shoulin¹()

1. College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China
2. Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830091, China
3. Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
4. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2023-10-31 Published:2024-06-20 Online:2024-08-08
Correspondence author: AI Xiantao (1979-), male, from Mizhi, Shaanxi, researcher,research direction: cotton genetics and breeding, (E-mail)yixiantao@sina.com;
HU Shoulin(1968-), male, from Anyang, Henan, professor, research direction: cotton genetics and breeding,(E-mail)hushoulinghu@163.com
Supported by:
The Central Government Guiding the Local Science and Technology Development Project (2022) "Genetic Improvement Platform for Phenotypic Identification of Machine-Picked Cotton in Southern Xinjiang and Construction of New Variety Promotion and Transformation System";Key Cultivation Project for Science and Technology Innovation of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Research on Molecular Design Breeding Technology System for High Yield and Quality of Machine-picked Cotton(XJKCPY-2021005);Autonomous Region Legal Person Science and Technology Commissioner(2022BKZ006);Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Science and Technology Support Project(2020E02097)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析不同陆地棉种质的果枝夹角与机采农艺性状相关性,研究产量高、适合机采的果枝夹角范围,筛选出适合机采的棉花品种。【方法】对300份陆地棉种质的果枝夹角及相关农艺性状进行描述统计、相关性、聚类和主成分分析。【结果】除果枝数、衣分、单铃重、果枝夹角等性状变异系数小于10%,其余7个性状均大于10%,其中单株铃数变异系数最大,为25.28%。果枝夹角与单铃重、皮棉质量、有效果枝数等产量性状呈极显著正相关。在欧式距离为4时,300份陆地棉种质可根据果枝夹角大小可以分成5个类群,分别是47.5°~50.1°、50.9°~55.5°、55.7°~58.5°、58.6°~62.8°、63.2°~66.5°。第Ⅰ类群的果枝夹角最小,植株矮小,产量潜力低。第Ⅱ、Ⅲ类群果枝夹角大小适宜,株高适合,植株较紧凑,株型多为塔型、筒型,便于机采且产量较高。第IV、V类群,果枝夹角偏大,株型多为塔型和倒塔型,产量高,丰产潜力大。共提取出4个主成分,累计贡献率达74.87%,解释了300份陆地棉资源农艺性状大部分信息,主成分因子分别为果枝始节高度、有效果枝数、单铃重。【结论】陆地棉果枝夹角与产量性状呈极显著正相关,在果枝夹角范围在47.5°~65.5°时,果枝夹角越大,产量性状越高。当果枝夹角角度范围在50.9°~58.5°时,棉花的植株紧凑,株型多为塔型、筒型且产量较高,对该区间的棉花品种进行综合得分评价,筛选出10个适宜机采的棉花品种作为优良育种材料。

关键词: 棉花; 果枝夹角; 株型结构; 农艺性状; 相关性

Abstract:

【Objective】 To make the correlation analysis between the angle of fruit branches of upland cotton resources and the agronomic traits in the hope of finding the range of fruit branches the agricultural characteristics of the machine, and select the cotton varieties suitable for the machineangle suitable for machine picking with high yield and selecting the cotton varieties suitable for the machine. 【Methods】 Descriptive statistics, correlation, clustering and principal component analysis were carried out on fruit branch angle and agronomic traits of 300 upland cotton germplasm resources. 【Results】 The variation coefficient of the other 7 traits was greater than 10% except for the number of fruit branches, coat fraction, weight of single boll and angle of fruit branches, and the variation coefficient of the number of boll per plant was the largest, which was 25.28%. There was significant positive correlation between fruit branch angle and yield characters such as boll weight, lint quality and effective fruit branch number. When the Euclidean distance was 4, 300 pieces of upland cotton could be divided into 5 groups according to the size of the angle between the fruit branches, which are 47.5°-50.1°, 50.9°-55.5°, 55.7°-58.5°, 58.6°-62.8°, 63.2°-66.5°. Group I had the smallest fruit branch angle, short plants and low yield potential. The fruit branch angle size and the plant height of the second and third group were suitable, the plants were compact, the plant type was mostly tower type, barrel type, easy to pick and the yield was higher. As for class IV and V, the branch angle their plant type was mostly tower type and inverted tower type, and their yields were high with high yield potential. A total of 4 principal components were extracted from the principal component analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate was 74.87%, which explained most of the information of agronomic traits of 300 upland cotton resources. The principal component factors were respectively the height of the beginning of fruit branch, the number of effective fruit branch and the weight of single boll. 【Conclusion】 There is a significant positive correlation between fruit branch angle and yield traits in upland cotton. When the branch branch angle is 47.5°-65.5°, the larger the branch angle is, the higher the yield traits are. When the angle range of fruit branches is 50.9°-58.5°, the cotton yield is higher and meets the requirements of machine-picked cotton. The comprehensive score evaluation of cotton varieties in this range is carried out, and 10 cotton varieties suitable for machine-picked cotton varieties are selected as excellent breeding materials.

Key words: cotton; fruit branch angle; plant type structure; agronomic traits; correlation

中图分类号:

S562

叶萍毅, 龙遗磊, 谭彦平, 杜霄, 安梦洁, 陶志鑫, 梁发瑞, 艾先涛, 胡守林. 陆地棉果枝夹角与机采农艺性状鉴定评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(6): 1318-1327.

YE Pingyi, LONG Yilei, TANG Yanping, DU Xiao, AN Mengjie, TAO Zhixin, LIANG Farui, AI Xiantao, HU Shoulin. Identification and evaluation of fruit branch angle and machine-picked agronomic traits in Gossypium hirsutum L.[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(6): 1318-1327.

图/表 8

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国家 Country	地区 Regin Nunmber	数量 Number	代表性材料名称 Representative Material
	安徽	1	全棉2005
	北京	3	中植BD13、科遗7号
	河北	34	邯208、银硕1号
	河南	32	豫棉19号、中棉所30
	湖北	9	鄂光短果枝、荆55173
	湖南	3	洞庭1号、洞庭3号
	江苏	17	徐州半半棉、徐州209
	江西	1	赣棉1号
	辽宁	43	辽棉8号、锦棉1号
中国 China	山东	16	鲁棉研28、快育66
	山西	5	运1812、红叶白絮
	陕西	3	陕棉3号、陕棉4号
	上海	1	沪棉205
	四川	6	52-128、川简1号
	天津	1	创优棉168
	新疆	77	新陆早1号、新石33
	浙江	1	浙大8
	重庆	1	渝棉1号
	甘肃	1	酒棉20号
美国 America	-	18	斯字棉2B、岱字棉16
巴西 Brazil	-	1	巴西006
前苏联 Former soviet union	-	5	克克1543、苏联8909
日本 Japan	-	1	农林1号
乌干达 Uganda	-	1	乌干达4号
澳大利亚 Australia	-	1	奥试3503
未审定 Unauthorized	-	18	QXC4

国家 Country	地区 Regin Nunmber	数量 Number	代表性材料名称 Representative Material
	安徽	1	全棉2005
	北京	3	中植BD13、科遗7号
	河北	34	邯208、银硕1号
	河南	32	豫棉19号、中棉所30
	湖北	9	鄂光短果枝、荆55173
	湖南	3	洞庭1号、洞庭3号
	江苏	17	徐州半半棉、徐州209
	江西	1	赣棉1号
	辽宁	43	辽棉8号、锦棉1号
中国 China	山东	16	鲁棉研28、快育66
	山西	5	运1812、红叶白絮
	陕西	3	陕棉3号、陕棉4号
	上海	1	沪棉205
	四川	6	52-128、川简1号
	天津	1	创优棉168
	新疆	77	新陆早1号、新石33
	浙江	1	浙大8
	重庆	1	渝棉1号
	甘肃	1	酒棉20号
美国 America	-	18	斯字棉2B、岱字棉16
巴西 Brazil	-	1	巴西006
前苏联 Former soviet union	-	5	克克1543、苏联8909
日本 Japan	-	1	农林1号
乌干达 Uganda	-	1	乌干达4号
澳大利亚 Australia	-	1	奥试3503
未审定 Unauthorized	-	18	QXC4

数量性状 Traits	极小值 Min.	极大值 Max.	极差 Range	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV
株高Height	51.60	107.30	55.70	71.02	8.46	11.91
果枝始节位The fruit branch begins to pitch	4.20	8.80	4.60	6.06	0.66	10.82
果枝始节高The fruit branches begin to pitch high	15.10	41.40	26.30	26.19	4.22	16.10
果枝数Number of fruit branches	6.90	11.50	4.60	8.76	0.83	9.53
有效果枝数Number of effective branches	3.50	8.10	4.60	5.87	0.78	13.26
单株铃数Number of bolls per plant	5.60	23.50	17.90	9.92	2.51	25.28
皮棉质量Lint quality	13.50	31.90	18.40	24.80	3.18	12.82
衣分Clothing	27.89	48.77	20.88	40.33	3.45	8.55
单铃重Single bell weight	4.30	7.80	3.50	6.14	0.61	9.91
果枝夹角Angle of fruit branch	47.50	66.50	19.00	56.63	3.19	5.63
生育期Child-bearing period	133.00	153.00	20.00	141.68	4.45	3.14

数量性状 Traits	极小值 Min.	极大值 Max.	极差 Range	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV
株高Height	51.60	107.30	55.70	71.02	8.46	11.91
果枝始节位The fruit branch begins to pitch	4.20	8.80	4.60	6.06	0.66	10.82
果枝始节高The fruit branches begin to pitch high	15.10	41.40	26.30	26.19	4.22	16.10
果枝数Number of fruit branches	6.90	11.50	4.60	8.76	0.83	9.53
有效果枝数Number of effective branches	3.50	8.10	4.60	5.87	0.78	13.26
单株铃数Number of bolls per plant	5.60	23.50	17.90	9.92	2.51	25.28
皮棉质量Lint quality	13.50	31.90	18.40	24.80	3.18	12.82
衣分Clothing	27.89	48.77	20.88	40.33	3.45	8.55
单铃重Single bell weight	4.30	7.80	3.50	6.14	0.61	9.91
果枝夹角Angle of fruit branch	47.50	66.50	19.00	56.63	3.19	5.63
生育期Child-bearing period	133.00	153.00	20.00	141.68	4.45	3.14

性状 Traits	株高 Height	果枝始节位 The fruit branch begins to pitch	果枝始节高 The fruit branches begin to pitch high	果枝数 Number of fruit branches	有效果枝数 Number of effective branches	单株铃数 Number of bolls per plant	皮棉质量 Lint quality	衣分 Clothing	单铃重 Single bell weight	果枝夹角 Angle of fruit branch	生育期 Child- bearing period
株高Height	1
果枝始节位 The fruit branch begins to pitch	0.332^**	1
果枝始节高度 The fruit branches begin to pitch high	0.722^**	0.693^**	1
果枝数 Number of fruit branches	0.204^**	-0.435^**	-0.293^**	1
有效果枝数 Number of effective branches	0.334^**	-0.148^*	0.002	0.498^**	1
单株铃数 Number of bolls per plant	0.197^**	-0.168^**	-0.086	0.467^**	0.672^**	1
皮棉质量 Lint quality	0.177^**	0.245^**	0.279^**	-0.255^**	0.189^**	0.005	1
衣分 Clothing	0.095	0.102	0.167^**	-0.254^**	0.201^**	-0.037	0.645^**	1
单铃重 Single bell weight	0.136*	0.236^**	0.220^**	-0.118^*	0.061	0.042	0.743^**	-0.01	1
果枝夹角 Angle of fruit branch	-0.017	-0.031	-0.07	0.024	0.180^**	0.102	0.180^**	0.05	0.177^**	1
生育期 Child-bearing period	0.125*	0.357^**	0.176^**	-0.170^**	-0.272^**	-0.141^*	-0.124^*	-0.274^**	0.083	-0.02	1

陆地棉果枝夹角与机采农艺性状鉴定评价

Identification and evaluation of fruit branch angle and machine-picked agronomic traits in Gossypium hirsutum L.

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Metrics

类群 Group	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	IV	V
株高Height	68.7	71.6	70.8	70.5	71.3
果枝始节位 The fruit branch begins to pitch	6	6.1	6	6	6.1
果枝始节高度 The fruit branches begin to pitch high	25.9	26.6	26.1	25.5	26.3
果枝数 Number of fruit branches	8.5	8.7	8.8	8.8	8.5
有效果枝数 Number of effective branches	5.1	5.8	5.8	6.1	6.2
单株铃数 Number of bolls per plant	9.2	9.7	9.8	10.3	10.2
皮棉质量 Lint quality	23.7	24.5	24.6	25.6	25.7
衣分Clothing	40.2	40.37	40.22	40.24	41.5
单铃重Single bell weight	6	6.1	6.1	6.4	6.2
果枝夹角 Angle of fruit branch	49.2	53.8	56.9	60.1	64.1
生育期 Child-bearing period	144	142	141	142	142

性状 Traits	主成分1 PC₁	主成分2 PC₂	主成分3 PC₃	主成分4 PC₄
株高Height	0.377	0.21	-0.12	-0.016
果枝始节位 The fruit branch begins to pitch	0.305	-0.103	0.019	-0.071
果枝始节高度 The fruit branches begin to pitch high	0.401	0.005	-0.107	0.032
果枝数 Number of fruit branches	-0.034	0.338	-0.031	-0.129
有效果枝数 Number of effective branches	0.056	0.349	0.034	0.122
单株铃数 Number of bolls per plant	0.026	0.344	0.07	-0.045
皮棉质量 Lint quality	0.016	-0.047	0.348	0.262
衣分Clothing	0.035	-0.066	-0.103	0.553
单铃重 Single bell weight	-0.011	-0.008	0.548	-0.137
果枝夹角 Angle of fruit branch	-0.132	0.057	0.416	-0.129
生育期 Child-bearing period	0.135	-0.069	0.149	-0.431
特征值 Characteristic value	2.86	2.42	1.74	1.22
贡献率 Contributions rate(%)	25.97	21.99	15.81	11.10
累计贡献率 Accumulative contributions rate(%)	25.97	47.96	63.77	74.87

材料名称 Material name	主成分Principle factor				综合得分 Composite score	排名 Ranking
材料名称 Material name	P₁	P₂	P₃	P₄	综合得分 Composite score	排名 Ranking
H33-1-4-10	24.59	5.88	8.11	-6.23	32.35	1
源棉700 Yuanmian700	24.67	5.84	7.58	-6.33	31.76	2
29号29hao	23.02	5.38	8.12	-6.41	30.10	3
W21	23.04	4.39	8.59	-6.33	29.68	4
TY15	23.65	4.29	7.58	-5.96	29.55	5
QXC4	22.94	4.81	7.93	-6.22	29.46	6
20N704	22.97	5.60	7.59	-6.79	29.36	7
新陆中5号Xinluzhong5	21.09	6.09	8.47	-6.43	29.22	8
1326	22.83	4.52	8.18	-6.33	29.18	9
HX8	22.43	4.32	8.64	-6.23	29.15	10

材料名称 Material name	株高 Height	果枝始节 The fruit branch begins to pitch	果枝始节高度 The fruit branches begin to pitch high	果枝数 Number of fruit branches	有效果枝数 Number of effective branches	单株铃数 Number of bolls per plant	皮棉质量 Lint quality	衣分 Clothing	单铃重 Single bell weight	果枝夹角 Angle of fruit branch	生育期 Child- bearing period
H33-1-4-10	106.1	6.9	37.3	9.7	6.7	9.6	27.9	40.51	6.9	57.3	143
源棉700 Yuanmian700	107.3	6.7	35.2	9.4	6.3	9.8	24.8	41.82	5.9	54.4	145
29号29hao	98.9	5.9	32.2	9.2	6.2	10.0	26.7	39.17	6.8	54.3	144
W21	88.9	7.9	36.6	8.3	6.8	10.3	29.1	45.12	6.4	54.5	153
TY15	90.4	8.8	41.4	7.4	5.8	8.4	24.6	44.59	5.5	52.7	145
QXC4	96.6	6.2	31.7	9.6	6.2	7.3	26.2	44.23	5.9	53.3	148
20N704	98.1	6.2	32.4	9.8	7.3	10.1	20.1	38.44	5.2	55.0	145
新陆中5号Xinluzhong5	84.4	6.5	31.1	10.0	7.9	23.2	24.1	40.34	6.0	55.3	143
1326	93.4	7.4	34.8	8.5	5.6	6.9	27.2	39.65	6.9	53.9	144
HX8	89.1	7.8	35.5	7.8	6.2	8.4	27.8	43.21	6.4	57.9	147

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