春灌定额对棉田水温盐分布及棉花苗期生长发育的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.005

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (6): 1336-1344.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.005

• 作物遗传育种•种质资源•分子遗传学•耕作栽培•生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

春灌定额对棉田水温盐分布及棉花苗期生长发育的影响

付鑫法(), 吕廷波(), 王久龙, 李港强, 宋仁友, 刘一凡

石河子大学水利建筑工程学院/现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子 832000

收稿日期:2023-10-09 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-08-08
通信作者: 吕廷波(1978-),男,山东临朐人,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为节水灌溉,(E-mail)lvtingbo@126.com
作者简介:付鑫法(1997-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为节水灌溉,(E-mail)1349648323@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆生产建设兵团南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划(2022DB024)

Effect of spring irrigation quota on water temperature and salt distribution in cotton fields and seedling growth of cotton

FU Xinfa(), LYU Tingbo(), WANG Jiulong, LI Gangqiang, SONG Renyou, LIU Yifan

College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China

Received:2023-10-09 Published:2024-06-20 Online:2024-08-08
Correspondence author: LYU Tingbo(1978-),male,from Linqu,Shandong,professor,research direction:water-saving irrigation theory and new technology research,(E-mail)lvtingbo@126.com
Supported by:
Innovation and Development Support Plan for key Industries in Southern Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2022DB024)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究新疆南疆小海子灌区不同春灌定额对棉田水温盐和棉花苗期生长的影响,为小海子灌区棉花苗期的春灌定额提供科学依据。【方法】设置3个春灌水分处理(W₁:1 350 m³/hm²、W₂:1 800 m³/hm²、W₃:2 250 m³/hm²),分析不同春灌定额对棉田水温盐与棉花苗期生长发育的影响。【结果】0~60 cm土层平均土壤含水率W₃处理高于W₁和W₂处理,在其上部耕作层保水能力更好。W₃处理较W₁、W₂处理不同土壤深度地温低,膜下地温均高于2膜间裸行地温。W₁处理表层含盐量低于W₂和W₃处理,0~50 cm的盐分淋洗率分别为6.77%、22.22%和30.03%,春灌水量越大淋洗盐分的效果越好,50~100 cm土壤平均积盐率分别为-39.89%、-58.95%和-68.91%,随着灌水量的增加,盐分被水分带入深层增多。W₁处理棉花幼苗的株高、茎粗与叶面积最大,一定的水分亏缺有利于棉花幼苗的生长。【结论】不同春灌定额均有一定程度的洗盐增墒作用,表现为W₃>W₂>W₁处理。

关键词: 春灌; 土壤水分; 土壤盐分; 土壤温度; 盐分淋洗; 棉田

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of different spring irrigation quotas on water temperature and salinity in cotton fields and seedling growth of cotton in Xiaohaizi Irrigation District.Provide a certain scientific basis for the reasonable spring irrigation quotas in the southern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Three water treatments (W₁:1,350 m³/hm², W₂:1,800 m³/hm², W₃:2,250m³/hm²) were set up for spring irrigation to analyze the effects of different spring irrigation quotas on water temperature and salinity of cotton fields and cotton seedling growth. 【Results】 The average soil water content in the 0-60 cm soil layer of the W₃ treatment was higher than those of the W₁ and W₂ treatments, and the water retention capacity of the upper tillage layer was better.The W₃ treatment had a lower ground temperature at different depths than those of the W₁ and W₂ treatments, and the ground temperatures between the rows were higher than those between the membranes.The salt content in the surface layer of W₁ treatment was lower than those of W₂ and W₃ treatments, and the salt washing rate of 0-50 cm was 6.77%, 22.22% and 30.03%, respectively, and the larger the amount of spring irrigation water, the better the effect of salt washing, and the average salt accumulation rate of 50-100 cm was -39.89%, -58.95% and -68.91%, respectively, which indicated that with the increase of irrigation water, the salts were carried by the water into the deeper layer and increased.The height, stem thickness and leaf area of cotton seedlings in the W₁ treatment were the largest, and a certain degree of water deficit was favorable to the growth of cotton seedlings. 【Conclusion】 Different spring irrigation quotas have a certain degree of salt washing and moisture increase effect, manifested as W₃ > W₂ > W₁ treatment.

Key words: spring irrigation; soil moisture; soil salinity; soil temperature; salt leaching; cotton fields

中图分类号:

S562

付鑫法, 吕廷波, 王久龙, 李港强, 宋仁友, 刘一凡. 春灌定额对棉田水温盐分布及棉花苗期生长发育的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(6): 1336-1344.

FU Xinfa, LYU Tingbo, WANG Jiulong, LI Gangqiang, SONG Renyou, LIU Yifan. Effect of spring irrigation quota on water temperature and salt distribution in cotton fields and seedling growth of cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(6): 1336-1344.

图/表 6

图1 不同处理下土壤质量含水率特征的变化

Fig.1 Changes of variation characteristics of moisture content of soil quality under different treatments

图2 不同处理下土壤含盐量特征的变化

Fig.2 Changes of variation characteristics of soil salinity content under different treatments

表1 不同春灌处理下盐分淋洗率的变化

Tab.1 Changes of different spring irrigation treatment salt leaching rates

处理 Treatments (m³/hm²)	土壤深度Soil depth(cm)
处理 Treatments (m³/hm²)	0	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100
1 350	44.09	33.0	22.13	1.63	-23.31	-36.80	-65.97	-47.02	-38.59	-26.23	-24.75
1 800	55.62	45.36	33.81	15.97	-4.19	-13.32	-59.53	-68.99	-70.75	-72.96	-68.14
2 250	63.71	58.46	48.89	29.86	2.51	-23.20	-65.92	-66.54	-84.65	-75.92	-97.23

图3 棉田苗期地温日变化过程

Fig.3 Diurnal variation of ground temperature at seedling stage in cotton field

图4 苗期不同处理土壤温度动态的变化

Fig.4 Changes of soil temperature dynamics of different treatments at seedling stage

图5 不同处理下棉花苗期生长指标的变化

Fig.5 Changes of indicators of seedling growth of cotton in different treatments

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春灌定额对棉田水温盐分布及棉花苗期生长发育的影响

Effect of spring irrigation quota on water temperature and salt distribution in cotton fields and seedling growth of cotton

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