花后高温胁迫对小麦籽粒萌发及相关酶活性影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.006

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (6): 1345-1351.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.006

• 作物遗传育种•种质资源•分子遗传学•耕作栽培•生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

花后高温胁迫对小麦籽粒萌发及相关酶活性影响

强立栋(), 冯宽, 朱长安, 赵云, 李召锋, 李卫华()

石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子 832003

收稿日期:2023-11-05 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-08-08
通信作者: 李卫华(1968-),女,新疆人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为小麦遗传育种与品质改良,(E-mail)lwh_agr@shzu.edu.cn
作者简介:强立栋(1994-),男,甘肃人,硕士研究生,研究方向为小麦遗传育种与品质改良,(E-mail)2787567932@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆生产建设兵团国际科技合作计划项目(2019BC003);石河子大学动植物育种专项(YZZX202003)

Effect of high temperature stress at anthesis on seed vigor of wheat

QIANG Lidong(), FENG Kuan, ZHU Changan, ZHAO Yun, LI Zhaofeng, LI Weihua()

Agricultural College of Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi Xinjiang 832003, China

Received:2023-11-05 Published:2024-06-20 Online:2024-08-08
Correspondence author: LI Weihua (1968-), female, from Xinjiang,professor, research directions: wheat genetic breeding and quality improvement,(E-mail)lwh_agr@shzu.edu.cn
Supported by:
International Science and Technology Cooperation Program Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2019BC003);Special Project of Animal and Plant Breeding of Shihezi University(YZZX202003)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究小麦花后高温处理对其籽粒发芽和生长的影响,分析小麦响应花后高温逆境的生理机制。【方法】以新疆主栽小麦品种新春11号为材料,取小麦成熟后的籽粒,待小麦开花后的5~8 d时进行高温处理,研究其萌发特性以及相关酶活性。【结果】小麦籽粒在经过高温处理后,籽粒发芽率和发芽势与对照相比较显著降低(分别降低5.10%和3.22%),电导率指标极显著高于对照(高出22.78%)。经过花后高温处理,小麦籽粒萌发并且长成嫩芽的芽长以及芽鲜重,与对照相比较显著降低17.98% 和12.84%;在小麦籽粒萌发中,发芽指数和活力指数均显著下降。种子活力(TTC还原强度)的变化虽然差异不显著,但降低程度达26.02%。【结论】小麦开花后遭受高温胁迫,导致籽粒中酶活性下降,最终造成种子活力降低,并且减缓了小麦幼苗时期的长势,小麦的产量亦受到影响。

关键词: 小麦; 花后高温; 籽粒萌发; 淀粉酶; 过氧化物酶

Abstract:

【Objective】 To clarify the effect of post-anthesis high temperature treatment on grain germination and growth, and explore the psychological mechanism of wheat response to the stress of post-anthesis high temperature. 【Methods】 Xinchun 11, the main wheat cultivar in Xinjiang, was chosen as the model of crop. The mature wheat seeds were treated with the high temperature for 5 days to 8 days after flowering, and then the germination characteristics and the related enzymes activities associated with the oxidative stress of the seeds were examined. 【Results】 After high temperature treatment, the germination rate and germination potential of wheat grains were significantly reduced compared with the photo comparison (5.10% and 3.22%, respectively), and the conductivity index was significantly higher than that of the control (22.78% higher). After high temperature treatment, the bud length and fresh weight of wheat grain germination and growth decreased by 17.98% and 12.84% compared with the CK, the germination index and vigor index decreased significantly in wheat grain germination. The change in seed viability (ttc reduction intensity) was not significant, but the decrease was 26.02%. Meanwhile, the germination index and vigor index both decreased significantly in wheat grain germination. The change in seed viability (TTC reduction intensity) was not significant, but the decrease was 26.02%. 【Conclusion】 The results showed the high temperature stress at anthesis might have significant effects on wheat seed enzyme activity, and could further cause the decrease of the seed vigor and weaken the growth of wheat as a seedling, which might affect the wheat production ultimately.

Key words: wheat; seed germination; post-anthesis high temperature; amylase; peroxidase

中图分类号:

S512

强立栋, 冯宽, 朱长安, 赵云, 李召锋, 李卫华. 花后高温胁迫对小麦籽粒萌发及相关酶活性影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(6): 1345-1351.

QIANG Lidong, FENG Kuan, ZHU Changan, ZHAO Yun, LI Zhaofeng, LI Weihua. Effect of high temperature stress at anthesis on seed vigor of wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(6): 1345-1351.

图/表 7

图1 花后高温下小麦籽粒发芽率和发芽势变化注:*表示0.05水平上差异显著;**表示在0.01水平上差异显著。下同

Fig.1 Changes of post-anthesis high temperature on wheat seed germination percentage and germination energy Note: * Means significant difference at 0.05 level; ** means significant difference at 0.01 level,the same as below

图2 花后高温下小麦萌发种子幼苗生长变化

Fig.2 Changes of post-anthesis high temperature on wheat growth of germination seedling

图3 花后高温下小麦籽粒电导率的变化

Fig.3 Changes of post-anthesis high temperature on wheat electrical conductivity of wheat grain

表1 花后高温下小麦种子活力指标变化

Tab.1 Changes of post-anthesis high temperature on seed vigor index of wheat seed

处理 Treatments	幼苗长 Seedling length (cm)	幼苗鲜重 Seedling weight (mg)	发芽指数 Germination index.	活力指数Ⅰ Vigor index Ⅰ	活力指数Ⅱ Vigor index Ⅱ	种子活力 (TTC还原强度) Seed vigor (TTC restoration strength)
常温(CK)	22.51	120.66	155.97^*	3 510.88^*	18 819.34^*	1.668×10^-4
高温(HT)	19.71	114.66	120.22	2 368.33	13 784.42	1.234×10^-4

图4 小麦籽粒萌发过程中POD、CAT活性的变化注:不同小写字母代表在0.05水平差异显著,下同

Fig.4 Changes of POD and CAT activity during seed germination Notes: Different lowercase letters represent significant differences at 0.05 level,the same as below

图5 小麦种子发芽过程中总淀粉酶活性的变化

Fig.5 Changes of total amylase activity during germination of wheat seeds

表2 花后高温处理下籽粒淀粉酶活性与种子活力指标的相关系数

Tab.2 Correlation coefficient between seed amylase activity and seed vigor index under high temperature treatment after anthesis

相关系数 Correlation coefficient	活力指数Ⅱ Vigor index Ⅱ	发芽指数 Germination index	发芽势 Germination energy	发芽率 Germination percentage	淀粉酶活性 Amylase activity	POD活性 POD activity	CAT活性 CAT activity
活力指数Ⅰ Vigor indexⅠ	0.952^**	0.972^**	0.566^*	0.978^**	0.882^**	0.779^**	0.970^**
活力指数Ⅱ Vigor index Ⅱ		0.854^**	0.634^*	0.833^**	0.845^**	0.830^**	0.960^**
发芽指数 Germination index			0.645^*	0.968^**	0.683^*	0.989^**	0.832^**
发芽势 Germination energy				0.871^**	0.725^**	0.597^*	0.708^**
发芽率 Germination percentage					0.789^**	0.577^*	0.727^**
淀粉酶活性 Amylase activity						0.961^**	0.779^**
POD活性 POD activity							0.757^**

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花后高温胁迫对小麦籽粒萌发及相关酶活性影响

Effect of high temperature stress at anthesis on seed vigor of wheat

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