氮肥减量配施生物质炭对春小麦群体结构、光合特性及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.003

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (7): 1582-1589.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.003

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

氮肥减量配施生物质炭对春小麦群体结构、光合特性及产量的影响

杨梅¹(), 赵红梅², 迪丽热巴·夏米西丁¹, 杨卫君¹(), 张金汕¹, 惠超¹

1.新疆农业大学农学院/新疆优质专用麦类作物工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2023-12-25 出版日期:2024-07-20 发布日期:2024-09-04
通信作者: 杨卫君(1984-),女,甘肃人,副教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为农田生态,(E-mail)1984_ywj@163.com
作者简介:杨梅(1995-),女,甘肃人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农田生态,(E-mail)3087690043@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32260326);新疆维吾尔自治区现代农业产业(小麦)体系项目;新疆农业大学大学生创新项目(dxscx2023009)

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and biochar application on population structure, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of spring wheat

YANG Mei¹(), ZHAO Hongmei², Dilireba Xiamixiding¹, YANG Weijun¹(), ZHANG Jinshan¹, HUI Chao¹

1. Xinjiang Engineering Technology Research Center of High-Quality Special Triticeae Crops, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,China
2. College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2023-12-25 Published:2024-07-20 Online:2024-09-04
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation Project(32260326);Modern Agricultural Industry (Wheat) System Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region;Xinjiang Agricultural University Undergraduate Innovation Project(dxscx2023009)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究生物质炭单施和与氮肥配施对灌区春小麦群体结构、光合特性及产量的影响,为生物质炭及化肥的合理利用提供科学依据。【方法】试验采用随机区组设计,设2个氮肥施用水平(0、150 kg/hm²),4个生物质炭水平(0、10、20和30 t/hm²),于2020年对新春46号的群体结构、光合特性及产量进行分析。【结果】在B₂N₁处理,即氮肥减量(150 kg/hm²)与中量生物质炭(20 t/hm²)配施下,春小麦群体结构、叶面积指数、叶片SPAD值、净光合速率及产量均达到最佳,较对照分别提高了15.04%~32.98%、3.67%~89.82%、5.63%~11.46%、17.95%~81.68%和29.73%。与对照相比,单施生物质炭及生物质炭与氮肥配施均提高了春小麦产量,增产幅度为7.52%~29.73%。【结论】氮肥减量150 kg/hm²配施20 t/hm²生物质炭(B₂N₁)其增产效果最佳。

关键词: 生物质炭; 氮肥; 春小麦; 群体结构; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】This study further carried out the research on the impact of biochar single application and combined application of nitrogen fertilizer on the population structure, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of spring wheat in irrigation areas, aiming to provide scientific basis for the rational use of biochar and fertilizer. 【Methods】The experiment adopted a randomized block design, set up 2 nitrogen fertilizer application levels (0, 150 kg/hm²) and 4 levels of biomass charcoal (0, 10, 20, 30 t/hm²) for research. After that, the population structure, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of Xinchun 46 wheat were analyzed in 2020. 【Results】The results showed that under B₂N₁ treatment, nitrogen fertilizer reduction (150 kg/hm²), compared to medium biomass charcoal (20 t/hm²) under the combined application, the population structure, leaf area index, leaf SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, and yield of spring wheat all reached the optimal level, increased by 15.04% to 32.98%, 3.67% to 89.82%, 5.63% to 11.46%, 17.95% to 81.68%, and 29.73% compared to the control, respectively. Compared with the control, the single application of biochar and the combination of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer increased spring wheat yield by 7.52% to 29.73%. 【Conclusion】Nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by 150 kg/hm² and applied in combination with 20 t/hm²(B₂N₁) biochar has the best effect in increasing production.

Key words: biochar; nitrogen fertilizer; spring wheat; group structure; yield

中图分类号:

S512

杨梅, 赵红梅, 迪丽热巴·夏米西丁, 杨卫君, 张金汕, 惠超. 氮肥减量配施生物质炭对春小麦群体结构、光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(7): 1582-1589.

YANG Mei, ZHAO Hongmei, Dilireba Xiamixiding, YANG Weijun, ZHANG Jinshan, HUI Chao. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and biochar application on population structure, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of spring wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(7): 1582-1589.

图/表 6

表1 各处理生物质炭和氮肥用量

Tab.1 Amount of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer for each treatment

处理 Treatments	生物质炭 Biochar (t/hm²)	氮肥 Nitrogen fertilizer (kg/hm²)
B₀N₀(CK)	0	0
B₁N₀	10	0
B₂N₀	20	0
B₃N₀	30	0
B₀N₁	0	150
B₁N₁	10	150
B₂N₁	20	150
B₃N₁	30	150

图1 不同处理下春小麦茎蘖数及成穗率的变化注:不同小写字母表示不同处理之间差异显著(P<0.05),下同

Fig.1 Changes of umber of stems and tillers and ear formation rate of spring wheat under different treatments Note: Different lowercase letters in the figure indicate significant differences between different treatments (P<0.05), the same as below

表2 不同处理下春小麦旗叶SPAD值的变化

Tab.2 Changes of SPAD values in flag leaves of spring wheat under different treatments

处理 Treatments		花后0 d 0 days after flowering	花后7 d 7 days after flowering	花后14 d 14 days after flowering	花后21 d 21 days after flowering	花后28 d 28 days after flowering
B₀N₀(CK)		49.40^d	52.26^b	51.80^b	49.75^d	47.81^c
B₁N₀		51.06^bc	53.82^ab	52.01^b	50.27^cd	49.91^bc
B₂N₀		51.62^ab	54.31^ab	53.32^b	52.26^bc	51.44^ab
B₃N₀		50.80^bc	52.42^b	52.01^b	49.8^d	48.52^c
B₀N₁		49.95^cd	53.54^ab	52.51^b	52.11^bc	52.45^ab
B₁N₁		51.44^ab	54.03^ab	53.24^b	53.61^ab	52.90^a
B₂N₁		52.38^a	55.20^a	54.91^a	54.33^a	53.29^a
B₃N₁		50.57^bc	53.69^ab	52.41^b	53.18^ab	51.88^ab
F	B	21.11^*	11.72^*	11.89^*	9.05	3.46
	N	2.86	13.20^*	13.68^*	69.3 $0 * *$	31.14^*
	B×N	0.70	0.28	0.69	0.56	0.83

表2 不同处理下春小麦旗叶SPAD值的变化

Tab.2 Changes of SPAD values in flag leaves of spring wheat under different treatments

处理 Treatments		花后0 d 0 days after flowering	花后7 d 7 days after flowering	花后14 d 14 days after flowering	花后21 d 21 days after flowering	花后28 d 28 days after flowering
B₀N₀(CK)		49.40^d	52.26^b	51.80^b	49.75^d	47.81^c
B₁N₀		51.06^bc	53.82^ab	52.01^b	50.27^cd	49.91^bc
B₂N₀		51.62^ab	54.31^ab	53.32^b	52.26^bc	51.44^ab
B₃N₀		50.80^bc	52.42^b	52.01^b	49.8^d	48.52^c
B₀N₁		49.95^cd	53.54^ab	52.51^b	52.11^bc	52.45^ab
B₁N₁		51.44^ab	54.03^ab	53.24^b	53.61^ab	52.90^a
B₂N₁		52.38^a	55.20^a	54.91^a	54.33^a	53.29^a
B₃N₁		50.57^bc	53.69^ab	52.41^b	53.18^ab	51.88^ab
F	B	21.11^*	11.72^*	11.89^*	9.05	3.46
	N	2.86	13.20^*	13.68^*	69.3 $0 * *$	31.14^*
	B×N	0.70	0.28	0.69	0.56	0.83

图2 不同处理下春小麦单株LAI值的变化

Fig.2 Changes of LAI in spring wheat single plant under different treatments

图3 不同处理下春小麦光合参数的变化

Fig.3 Changes of photosynthetic parameters of spring wheat under different treatments

表3 不同处理下对春小麦产量及其构成因素的变化

Tab.3 Changes of spring wheat yield and Its components under different treatments

处理 Treatments		穗数 Spike number (10⁴spike/hm²)	穗粒数 Grains per spike (grain)	千粒重 1,000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
B₀N₀(CK)		454.33^e	39.73^c	41.07^c	6 450.38^d
B₁N₀		470.00^cd	40.16^c	42.23^b	6 935.57^cd
B₂N₀		492.00^ab	41.73^bc	42.66^ab	7 620.07^b
B₃N₀		472.00^cd	40.93^bc	42.61^ab	7 162.38^bc
B₀N₁		462.00^de	42.02^abc	42.26^b	7 137.89^bc
B₁N₁		478.67^bc	43.09^ab	42.52^ab	7 629.93^b
B₂N₁		504.33^a	44.31^a	43.03^a	8 367.98^a
B₃N₁		483.00^bc	41.44^bc	42.30^b	7 371.06^bc
	B	237.58	3.09^*	2.51^**	15.41^*
F	N	86.52	14.88	1.54^**	21.51^*
	B×N	0.10^**	1.06	7.10	1.01

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氮肥减量配施生物质炭对春小麦群体结构、光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and biochar application on population structure, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of spring wheat

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