甜玉米不同生育期施用改良剂组合对其产量及河西走廊次生盐碱化土壤性质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.007

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (7): 1615-1625.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.007

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

甜玉米不同生育期施用改良剂组合对其产量及河西走廊次生盐碱化土壤性质的影响

钟辉丽¹(), 武均²(), 陆祥生¹

1.武威市农业技术推广中心,甘肃武威 733000
2.甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,兰州 730070

收稿日期:2023-08-09 出版日期:2024-07-20 发布日期:2024-09-04
通信作者: 武均(1989-),男,甘肃人,讲师,博士,研究方向为保护性耕作、土壤生态学,(E-mail)wujun210@126.com
作者简介:钟辉丽(1990-),女,甘肃人,农艺师,硕士,研究方向为土壤改良及经济作物栽培,(E-mail)1073306149@qq.com
基金资助:
甘肃省中青年科技基金项目“滴灌模式下次生盐渍化土壤改良技术研究与示范”(20JR5RE636);甘肃省民生科技专项“戈壁农业优质蔬菜丰产栽培技术研究与示范推广”(20CX9NH172)

Effects of different growth stage application combinations of amendments on secondary salinized soil properties and sweet corn yield in Hexi Corrido

ZHONG Huili¹(), WU Jun²(), LU Xiangsheng¹

1. Wuwei Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Wuwei Gansu 733000,China
2. College of Resources and Environment, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070,China

Received:2023-08-09 Published:2024-07-20 Online:2024-09-04
Supported by:
Gansu science and technology fund for young and middle-aged people "Research and demonstration on improving technique of secondary salinization soil under drip irrigation"(20JR5RE636);Gansu province livelihood science and technology special "Study and demonstration on high yield cultivation technology of high quality vegetables in Gobi Agriculture"(20CX9NH172)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究前期筛选出禾康盐碱土改良剂不同生育期施用组合对河西走廊次生盐碱化土壤改良效果以及甜玉米生长的影响,以确定改良剂最佳施用方案。【方法】以甜玉2号为供试玉米,在整个玉米生育期结合6种不同组合的3次灌水施用盐碱土改良剂,研究其对河西走廊甜玉米出苗率、保苗率、株高、茎粗、植株鲜重、产量构成、产量、经济效益及土层盐碱指标的影响。【结果】随播种水施一次盐碱土改良剂,出苗率提高8.38%~11.00%,随苗水施第2次,保苗率提高13.31%~15.64%;吐丝期施第3次改良剂秃尖长缩短44.30%,一级品率最高达46.27%,且产量及经济效益最好;不同时期施入盐碱土改良剂可降低土壤盐碱指标:pH值、EC、ESP分别降低了0.15~0.35、31~146 μs/cm、0.8%~4.8%。【结论】施用禾康盐碱土改良剂改良土壤的最佳施用时期方案为播种期+改良剂37.5 kg/hm²、苗期+改良剂30 kg/hm²、吐丝期+改良剂15 kg/hm²。

关键词: 甜玉米; 生育期; 次生盐碱化; 聚马来酸

Abstract:

【Objective】To study the effects of different application combinations of Hexi Corridor saline-alkali soil improv on secondary saline-alkali soil improvement and sweet corn growth in Hexi Corridor, so as to determine the best application plan of improv.【Methods】Taking Tianyu 2 as the test crop, the effects of saline-alkali soil improv on seedling emergence rate, seedling preservation rate, plant height, stem diameter, plant fresh weight, yield composition, yield, economic benefit and soil saline-alkali index of sweet corn in the whole maize growth period were studied.【Results】The seedling emergence rate increased by 8.38%-11.00% when saline soil amendment was applied once with seeding water, and the seedling preservation rate increased by 13.31%-15.64% when saline soil amendment was applied twice with seeding water. The bald tip length of the third amendment was shortened by 44.30%, the rate of the first grade was up to 46.27%, and the yield and economic benefit were the best. Saline-alkali soil amendments applied in different periods can reduce soil saline-alkali indices, pH, EC and ESP by 0.15-0.35, 31-146 μs/cm and 0.8%-4.8%, respectively. 【Conclusion】In summary, the best application time scheme of Hokang saline-alkali soil improver for soil improvement is: sowing time + improver 37.5 kg/hm², seedling stage + improver 30 kg/hm², spinning stage + improver 15 kg/hm².

Key words: growth period; secondary salinization; polymaleic acid; sweet corne

中图分类号:

S156.4

钟辉丽, 武均, 陆祥生. 甜玉米不同生育期施用改良剂组合对其产量及河西走廊次生盐碱化土壤性质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(7): 1615-1625.

ZHONG Huili, WU Jun, LU Xiangsheng. Effects of different growth stage application combinations of amendments on secondary salinized soil properties and sweet corn yield in Hexi Corrido[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(7): 1615-1625.

图/表 12

参考文献 40

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等级 Level	成熟度 Maturity	外观指标 Appearance of indicators	果穗长度 Spike length (mm)	单价(元/穗) Unit price(Yuan /ear)
一级Level 1	完熟期	籽粒排列整齐、无虫蛀、无残损、无霉变、新鲜、无失水。切除秃尖	L≥180	0.68
二级Level 2	完熟期		160≤L<180	0.43
三级Level 3	完熟期		L<160	0.20

等级 Level	成熟度 Maturity	外观指标 Appearance of indicators	果穗长度 Spike length (mm)	单价(元/穗) Unit price(Yuan /ear)
一级Level 1	完熟期	籽粒排列整齐、无虫蛀、无残损、无霉变、新鲜、无失水。切除秃尖	L≥180	0.68
二级Level 2	完熟期		160≤L<180	0.43
三级Level 3	完熟期		L<160	0.20

处理 Treatments	测定值Value				较对照增减百分数(%)
处理 Treatments	出苗数 Emergence number (株/hm²)	出苗率 Emergence efficiency (%)	成苗数 Seedling survive number (株/hm²)	成苗率 Seedling survive rate (%)	出苗数 Emergence number	出苗率 Emergence efficiency	成苗数 Seedling survive number	成苗率 Seedling survive rate
T₁	61 086±944^a	98.32±1.52^a	58 613±565^a	94.34±0.91^a	12.6	12.6	19.9	19.9
T₂	60 459±633^a	97.31±1.02^a	58 123±441^a	93.55±0.71^a	11.4	11.4	18.9	18.9
T₃	59 458±882^a	95.70±1.42^a	57 433±273^a	92.44±0.44^a	9.6	9.6	17.5	17.5
T₄	61 023±367^a	98.22±0.59^a	58 016±289^a	93.38±0.47^a	12.5	12.5	18.7	18.7
T₅	60 117±671^a	96.76±1.08^a	57 164±814^a	92.01±1.31^a	10.8	10.8	16.9	16.9
T₆	60 123±633^a	96.77±1.02^a	58 370±1740^a	93.95±2.80^a	10.8	10.8	19.4	19.4
CK	54 252±764^b	87.32±1.23^b	48 896±596^b	78.70±0.96^b	0	0	0	0

处理 Treatments	测定值Value				较对照增减百分数(%)
处理 Treatments	出苗数 Emergence number (株/hm²)	出苗率 Emergence efficiency (%)	成苗数 Seedling survive number (株/hm²)	成苗率 Seedling survive rate (%)	出苗数 Emergence number	出苗率 Emergence efficiency	成苗数 Seedling survive number	成苗率 Seedling survive rate
T₁	61 086±944^a	98.32±1.52^a	58 613±565^a	94.34±0.91^a	12.6	12.6	19.9	19.9
T₂	60 459±633^a	97.31±1.02^a	58 123±441^a	93.55±0.71^a	11.4	11.4	18.9	18.9
T₃	59 458±882^a	95.70±1.42^a	57 433±273^a	92.44±0.44^a	9.6	9.6	17.5	17.5
T₄	61 023±367^a	98.22±0.59^a	58 016±289^a	93.38±0.47^a	12.5	12.5	18.7	18.7
T₅	60 117±671^a	96.76±1.08^a	57 164±814^a	92.01±1.31^a	10.8	10.8	16.9	16.9
T₆	60 123±633^a	96.77±1.02^a	58 370±1740^a	93.95±2.80^a	10.8	10.8	19.4	19.4
CK	54 252±764^b	87.32±1.23^b	48 896±596^b	78.70±0.96^b	0	0	0	0

处理 Treatments	测定值 Value				较CK增加百分数
处理 Treatments	株高 (cm)	茎粗 (mm)	穗位高 (cm)	植株鲜重 (kg)	株高 (%)	茎粗 (%)	穗位高 (%)	植株鲜重 (%)
T₁	259.93^a	27.94^a	117.36^a	1.21^a	0.8	9.4	8	44
T₂	256.00^a	27.78^a	116.80^a	0.97^d	-0.7	8.8	7.5	15.5
T₃	259.20^a	27.27^a	115.73^a	1.01^c	0.5	6.8	6.5	20.2
T₄	261.63^a	26.84^ab	114.20^ab	1.09^b	1.4	5.1	5.1	29.8
T₅	255.42^a	26.69^b	110.87^b	0.97^d	-1	4.5	2.1	15.5
T₆	256.17^a	26.21^b	110.07^b	0.91^e	-0.7	2.7	1.3	8.3
CK	257.93^a	25.53^c	108.63^b	0.84^f	0	0	0	0

甜玉米不同生育期施用改良剂组合对其产量及河西走廊次生盐碱化土壤性质的影响

Effects of different growth stage application combinations of amendments on secondary salinized soil properties and sweet corn yield in Hexi Corrido

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Metrics

处理 Treatments	头水 First irrigate (4月22日)	二水 Second irrigate (6月2日)	三水 Third irrigate (6月14日)	四水 Tourth irrigate (6月24日)	五水 Fifth Irrigate (7月5日)	六水 Sixth irrigate (7月17日)	七水 Seventh irrigate (7月26日)	八水 Eighth irrigate (8月4日)
处理 Treatments	播种期	苗期	拔节期	大喇叭口期	抽穗期	吐丝期	灌浆期	乳熟期
T₁(拔节期)	37.5	30	15	—	—	—	—	—
T₂(大喇叭口期)	37.5	30	—	15	—	—	—	—
T₃(抽穗期)	37.5	30	—	—	15	—	—	—
T₄(吐丝期)	37.5	30	—	—	—	15	—	—
T₅(灌浆期)	37.5	30	—	—	—	—	15	—
T₆(乳熟期)	37.5	30	—	—	—	—	—	15
CK(不使用)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

处理 Treatments		穗长 Spike length (cm)	穗粗 Ear diameter (mm)	秃尖长 Bald length (cm)	穗行数 Rows per ear	行粒数 Grains per row	单果重 Single fruit weight (kg)	成穗数 Fruit number (个/hm²)	鲜穗产量 Fresh ear yield (kg/hm²)
测定值 Value	T₁	19.02±0.73^b	43.95±0.91^bc	2.70±0.27^d	14.67±0.67^ab	33.93±1.73b	0.285±0.06^de	58 521±524^a	14 676.43±1 300.30^d
	T₂	19.29±1.05^ab	55.47±1.24^a	2.55±0.24^e	14.40±0.40^ab	35.25±1.28^ab	0.293±0.04^d	58 001±307^a	15 994.29±2 320.04^cd
	T₃	19.18±1.12^ab	56.00±0.83^a	2.13±0.52^f	14.67±0.53^ab	35.53±1.13^ab	0.345±0.02^b	57 204±302^a	17 843.76±1 170.42^b
	T₄	20.09±1.10^a	56.65±0.53^a	2.10±0.94^f	15.26±0.45^a	36.20±1.20^a	0.364±0.07^a	57 915±436^a	18 980.68±1 054.02^a
	T₅	19.20±2.03^ab	46.03±2.61^b	3.37±0.79^c	14.51±0.93^ab	32.87±3.13^bc	0.322±0.02^c	55 005±789^b	17 964.04±1 646.93^b
	T₆	19.36±1.16^ab	45.79±1.36^b	3.55±0.59^b	15.07±0.78^a	32.12±3.80^bc	0.310±0.02^cd	52 099±981^bc	16 733.24±1 144.08^c
	CK	18.79±0.87^b	43.63±2.19^b	3.77±0.77^a	14.88±0.67^a	29.81±2.00^c	0.281±0.03^de	48 767±437^c	1 3703.53±1 463.01^e
较对照增减 Increase or decrease compared to the control (%)	T₁	1.2	0.7	-28.4	-1.4	13.8	1.4	20.0	7.1
	T₂	2.7	27.1	-32.4	-3.2	18.2	4.3	18.9	16.7
	T₃	2.1	28.4	-43.5	-1.4	19.2	22.8	17.3	30.2
	T₄	6.9	29.8	-44.3	2.6	21.4	29.5	18.8	38.5
	T₅	2.2	5.5	-10.6	-2.5	10.3	14.6	12.8	31.1
	T₆	3.0	5.0	-5.8	1.3	7.7	10.3	6.8	22.1
	CK	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

处理 Treatments	一级品率 First-grade product rate (%)	二级品率 Second-grade product rate (%)	三级品率 Third- grade product rate (%)	一级品率 First-grade product rate (%)	二级品率 Second- grade product rate (%)	三级品率 Third- grade product rate (%)	合计 Total (%)
T₁	20.10±4.94^d	47.23±6.47^a	32.61±5.13^c	20.1	47.23	32.61	100
T₂	41.52±8.96^b	32.17±6.60^d	26.31±5.60^d	41.5	32.2	26.3	100
T₃	45.61±5.12^a	40.20±6.00^c	14.19±2.35^e	45.6	40.2	14.2	100
T₄	46.27±7.03^a	43.39±7.47^b	10.34±6.20^f	46.3	43.4	10.3	100
T₅	26.85±7.72^c	22.73±4.40^e	50.42±7.53^a	26.9	22.7	50.4	100
T₆	17.39±3.83^e	33.63±7.33^d	48.98±5.47^ab	17.4	33.6	49	100
CK	13.12±4.97^f	45.55±3.10^ab	41.33±8.22^b	13.1	45.6	41.3	100

处理 Treatments	产出(元/hm²) Output (yuan/hm²)	投入(元/hm²) Input (yuan/hm²)	纯收益(元/hm²) Net value (yuan/hm²)	产投比 Input- output ratio	产出增减 Output (%)	投入增减 Input (%)	纯收益增减 Net value (%)
T₁	23 166.99^c	16 762.50^a	6 404.49^c	1.38^c	29.1	14	98
T₂	27 190.10^b	16 762.50^a	10 427.60^b	1.62^b	51.6	14	222.4
T₃	27 697.23^b	16 762.50^a	10 934.73^b	1.65^b	54.4	14	238.1
T₄	29 617.04^a	16 762.50^a	12 854.54^a	1.77^a	65.1	14	297.5
T₅	22 107.60^cd	16 762.50^a	5 345.10^d	1.32^c	23.2	14	65.2
T₆	22 046.96^d	16 762.50^a	5 284.46^d	1.32^c	22.9	14	63.4
CK	17 933.63^e	14 700.00^b	3 233.63^e	1.22^d	0	0	0

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