鲜食糯玉米适宜采收期与籽粒含水量分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析10个鲜食糯玉米品种的籽粒含水量,并评价其与鲜重之间的关系,筛选出适宜新疆伊犁河谷鲜食糯玉米最佳采收期的品种。【方法】以10个鲜食糯玉米品种为供试材料,综合分析授粉后采收8个时期果穗的籽粒含水量、鲜重、干物质积累及产量等性状。【结果】不同糯玉米品种的鲜穗产量差异显著,苏科糯1801、苏科糯1505鲜穗产量分别为1 215.14、1 025.95 kg/667m²,各品种授粉后25~30 d时籽粒含水量达59.6%~65.0%为糯玉米最适采收期;10个糯玉米品种的干物质积累量差异不显著,百粒鲜重大小排列顺序依次为苏科糯1505>彩甜糯001>苏科糯1801>苏科糯1901>糯香398> 香甜糯968>苏科糯1501>苏科糯12>苏科糯212>苏科糯338,苏科糯1505籽粒含水量下降幅度最小,便于延长采收期。【结论】苏科糯1505、彩甜糯001、苏科糯1801、苏科糯1901、糯香389综合表现良好,可作为新疆伊犁河谷主推鲜食玉米品种,且最适采收期是授粉后25~30 d。

关键词: 鲜食糯玉米; 干物质积累; 籽粒含水量; 采收期

Abstract:

【Objective】To comprehensively evaluate the grain moisture content and fresh weight of 10 fresh waxy maize varieties, and select the varieties that are suitable for the optimal harvesting period of fresh waxy maize in the Ili River Valley.【Methods】Using 10 fresh waxy maize varieties as experimental materials, comprehensive analysis was conducted on the grain moisture content, fresh weight, dry matter accumulation, and yield of ear harvested at eight stages after pollination of fresh waxy maize.【Results】There were significant differences in fresh ear yield among different varieties. The fresh ear yields of Sukenuo 1801 and Sukenuo 1505 respectively reached 1,215.14 and 1,025.95 kg/667m², at 25-30 days after pollination, the grain moisture content of each variety ranged from 59.6% to 65.0%, making it the most suitable harvesting period for waxy maize; There was no significant difference in dry matter accumulation among the 10 varieties, but there was a significant difference in fresh weight, the order of fresh weight of 100 grains was as follows: Sukenuo 1505>Caitiannuo 001>Sukenuo 1801>Sukenuo 1901>Nuoxiang 398>Xiangtiannuo 968>Sukenuo 1501>Sukenuo 12>Sukenuo 212>Sukenuo 338, Sukenuo 1505 had the smallest decrease in grain moisture content, which was convenient for extending the harvest period.【Conclusion】Based on comprehensive analysis, Sukenuo 1505, Caitiannuo 001, Sukenuo 1801, Sukenuo 1901, and Nuoxiang 389 can be selected as the main fresh maize varieties recommended in the Ili River Valley, the optimal harvest period is 25-30 days after pollination.

Key words: fresh waxy maize; dry matter accumulation; seed water content; harvest period

中图分类号:

S513

杨明花, 刘强, 冯国瑞, 廖必勇, 达吾来·杰克山, 彭云承, 布阿依夏木·那曼提, 陈艳萍. 鲜食糯玉米适宜采收期与籽粒含水量分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(7): 1626-1630.

YANG Minghua, LIU Qiang, FENG Guorui, LIAO Biyong, Dawulai Jiekeshan, PENG Yuncheng, Buayixiamu Namanti, CHEN Yanping. Study on suitable harvesting time and grain water content of fresh waxy maize[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(7): 1626-1630.

图/表 4

参考文献 21

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序号 Serial number	品种名称 Name of species	出苗期 Emergence (M/D)	开花期 Open citi (M/D)	抽雄期 Male withdrawal period (M/D)	采收期 Harvest date (M/D)	鲜穗产量 Yield of fresh ears (kg/667m²)
1	苏科糯1501	5/2	7/7	7/11	8/6	952.62^gG
2	香甜糯968	5/2	7/4	7/7	8/2	1 090.18^dD
3	糯香389	5/2	7/9	7/13	8/8	1 142.52^bB
4	彩甜糯001	5/2	7/7	7/11	8/6	1 192.34^bB
5	苏科糯1505	5/2	7/12	7/10	8/5	1 025.95^fF
6	苏科糯1801	5/2	7/7	7/7	8/2	1 215.34^aA
7	苏科糯1901	5/2	6/27	6/30	7/25	1 123.47^cC
8	苏科糯338	5/2	7/5	7/7	8/2	924.12^hH
9	苏科糯12	5/2	7/7	7/8	8/4	920.56^hH
10	苏科糯212	5/2	7/10	7/13	8/8	1 072.56^eE

序号 Serial number	品种名称 Name of species	出苗期 Emergence (M/D)	开花期 Open citi (M/D)	抽雄期 Male withdrawal period (M/D)	采收期 Harvest date (M/D)	鲜穗产量 Yield of fresh ears (kg/667m²)
1	苏科糯1501	5/2	7/7	7/11	8/6	952.62^gG
2	香甜糯968	5/2	7/4	7/7	8/2	1 090.18^dD
3	糯香389	5/2	7/9	7/13	8/8	1 142.52^bB
4	彩甜糯001	5/2	7/7	7/11	8/6	1 192.34^bB
5	苏科糯1505	5/2	7/12	7/10	8/5	1 025.95^fF
6	苏科糯1801	5/2	7/7	7/7	8/2	1 215.34^aA
7	苏科糯1901	5/2	6/27	6/30	7/25	1 123.47^cC
8	苏科糯338	5/2	7/5	7/7	8/2	924.12^hH
9	苏科糯12	5/2	7/7	7/8	8/4	920.56^hH
10	苏科糯212	5/2	7/10	7/13	8/8	1 072.56^eE