氮肥与密度互作对海岛棉生长发育及产量和品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.001

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (8): 1821-1830.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.001

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

氮肥与密度互作对海岛棉生长发育及产量和品质的影响

张承洁(), 胡浩然, 段松江, 吴一帆, 张巨松()

新疆农业大学农学院/教育部棉花工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2024-01-08 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-09-19
通信作者: 张巨松(1963-),男,江苏人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为棉花高产栽培与生理生态,(E-mail)xjndzjs@163.com
作者简介:张承洁(1998-),女,新疆伊犁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为棉花高产栽培,(E-mail)985487211@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项“棉花优质高产高效标准化生产技术集成示范”(2020A01002-4)

Effects of nitrogen-dense interaction on growth, development, yield and quality of Gossypium barbadense L.

ZHANG Chengjie(), HU Haoran, DUAN Songjiang, WU Yifan, ZHANG Jusong()

Cotton Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education /College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2024-01-08 Published:2024-08-20 Online:2024-09-19
Correspondence author: ZHANG Jusong (1963-), male, from Jiangsu, professor, Ph.D., master / doctoral supervisor, research direction:high-yield cultivation and physiological ecology of cotton, (E-mail)xjndzjs@163.com
Supported by:
The Major Science and Technology Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region"Integration Demonstration of High Quality, High yield and High Efficiency Standardized Production Technology of Cotton"(2020A01002-4)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同氮肥与密度互作对海岛棉生长发育的调控效应,为海岛棉合理密植及优化施氮提供理论依据。【方法】在新疆南疆自然生态条件下,以海岛棉新78为材料,采用双因素试验设计,主区处理设2种种植密度,副区处理设4个施氮水平,研究氮肥与密度互作对海岛棉生长发育及产量和品质的影响。【结果】海岛棉的株高、茎粗、果枝台数、主茎叶片数与施氮量呈正相关,但与种植密度呈负相关。海岛棉叶片SPAD值在整个生育期随着施氮量和密度的增加而增加。不同处理下海岛棉干物质积累动态曲线均符合Logistic模型,D₂₄N₂处理的干物质积累量最大,达到22 462 kg/hm²,但D₂₀N₀处理的生殖器官干物质积累分配占比最大,达到了72%。海岛棉的单株结铃数、单铃重与施氮量呈正相关,与种植密度呈负相关,但单位面积收获株数与种植密度呈正相关,在氮肥与密度互作条件下,D₂₄N₂处理的皮棉产量与籽棉产量最高,分别比较最低的D₂₄N₀处理增加了2 251.65、774.77 kg/hm²。种植密度与施氮量对海岛棉纤维品质的各项指标影响均不显著。【结论】在新疆南疆机采棉种植模式下,种植密度为24×10⁴株/hm²、施氮量为320 kg/hm²时,海岛棉的各项生长指标表现较好,且皮棉产量最高,达到2 122.62 kg/hm²。

关键词: 海岛棉; 种植密度; 施氮量; 生长发育; 产量; 品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to study the regulatory effects of different nitrogen fertilizations and densities on the growth and development of cotton in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for rational dense planting and optimal nitrogen application of s Gossypium barbadense L. in the future. 【Methods】 Under the natural ecological conditions in southern Xinjiang, the effects of nitrogen-dense interaction on the growth, development, yield and quality of sea-island cotton were studied by using Xin 78 as the material and a two-factor experimental design, with two planting densities in the main area and four nitrogen application levels in the secondary area. 【Results】 The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter, number of fruit branches and the number of main stem leaves were positively correlated with nitrogen application rate, but negatively correlated with planting density. The SPAD value of leaves increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate and density during the whole growth period. The dynamic curves of dry matter accumulation of Gossypium barbadense L. under different treatments were in line with the logistic model, and the dry matter accumulation of D₂₄N₂ was the largest, reaching 22,462 kg/hm², but the dry matter accumulation and distribution of D₂₀N₀ in the reproductive organs accounted for the largest proportion, reaching 72%. The number of boll per plant and the weight of each boll were positively correlated with nitrogen application rate, and negatively correlated with planting density, but the number of plants harvested per unit area was positively correlated with planting density, and the lint yield and seed cotton yield of D₂₄N₂ combination were the highest, which increased by 2,251.65 kg/hm² and 774.77 kg/hm², respectively compared with the lowest D₂₄N₀ combination. Planting density and nitrogen fertilization rate had no significant effect on the fiber quality of sea-island cotton. 【Conclusion】 Under the planting mode of machine picking cotton in southern Xinjiang, when the planting density is 240,000 plants/hm² and the nitrogen application rate is 320 kg/hm², the growth indexes of sea-island cotton performed well, and the lint yield is the highest, reaching 2,122.62 kg/hm².

Key words: Gossypium barbadense L.; plant density; fertilizer rate; growth and development; yield; quality

中图分类号:

S562

张承洁, 胡浩然, 段松江, 吴一帆, 张巨松. 氮肥与密度互作对海岛棉生长发育及产量和品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 1821-1830.

ZHANG Chengjie, HU Haoran, DUAN Songjiang, WU Yifan, ZHANG Jusong. Effects of nitrogen-dense interaction on growth, development, yield and quality of Gossypium barbadense L.[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(8): 1821-1830.

图/表 9

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土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	碱解氮 Available nitrogen (mg/kg)	有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg)	速效钾 Fast-acting potassium (mg/kg)	pH值 pH value
0~10	4.622	0.335	13.776	9.06	53.88	8.62
10~20	9.785	0.597	25.294	25.36	97.68	8.76
20~30	11.176	0.705	47.563	40.2	130.8	8.35
30~40	8.305	0.494	30.203	13.13	91.92	8.53
40~50	8.57	0.376	23.735	10.18	106.12	8.59
50~60	9.528	0.722	35.71	30.23	116.67	8.67
60~70	8.933	0.68	26.751	16.96	110.62	8.88
70~80	6.323	0.336	10.887	13.02	101.46	8.52

土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	碱解氮 Available nitrogen (mg/kg)	有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg)	速效钾 Fast-acting potassium (mg/kg)	pH值 pH value
0~10	4.622	0.335	13.776	9.06	53.88	8.62
10~20	9.785	0.597	25.294	25.36	97.68	8.76
20~30	11.176	0.705	47.563	40.2	130.8	8.35
30~40	8.305	0.494	30.203	13.13	91.92	8.53
40~50	8.57	0.376	23.735	10.18	106.12	8.59
50~60	9.528	0.722	35.71	30.23	116.67	8.67
60~70	8.933	0.68	26.751	16.96	110.62	8.88
70~80	6.323	0.336	10.887	13.02	101.46	8.52

氮肥处理 Nitrogen fertilizer treatment	基肥 Base fertilizer	追肥施氮量 Nitrogen amount of topdressing										总施氮量 Total nitrogen application
氮肥处理 Nitrogen fertilizer treatment	基肥 Base fertilizer	6月 11日	6月 20日	6月 29日	7月 6日	7月 13日	7月 21日	7月 28日	8月 5日	8月 15日	8月 25日	总施氮量 Total nitrogen application
N₀	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
N₁	32	0	12.8	12.8	19.2	19.2	19.2	19.2	12.8	12.8	0	160
N₂	64	0	25.6	25.6	38.4	38.4	38.4	38.4	25.6	25.6	0	320
N₃	96	0	38.4	38.4	57.6	57.6	57.6	57.6	38.4	38.4	0	480

氮肥处理 Nitrogen fertilizer treatment	基肥 Base fertilizer	追肥施氮量 Nitrogen amount of topdressing										总施氮量 Total nitrogen application
氮肥处理 Nitrogen fertilizer treatment	基肥 Base fertilizer	6月 11日	6月 20日	6月 29日	7月 6日	7月 13日	7月 21日	7月 28日	8月 5日	8月 15日	8月 25日	总施氮量 Total nitrogen application
N₀	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
N₁	32	0	12.8	12.8	19.2	19.2	19.2	19.2	12.8	12.8	0	160
N₂	64	0	25.6	25.6	38.4	38.4	38.4	38.4	25.6	25.6	0	320
N₃	96	0	38.4	38.4	57.6	57.6	57.6	57.6	38.4	38.4	0	480

种植密度 Planting density (10⁴株/hm²)	施氮量 Amount of nitrogen applied (kg/hm²)	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	主茎叶片数 Vane number (个)	果枝数 Fruit branch (台)
D₂₀	N₀	64.90^c	9.84^b	9.80^d	7.80^b
	N₁	97.00^b	12.10^a	11.60^abc	11.40^a
	N₂	100.40^b	11.88^a	10.00^dc	12.10^a
	N₃	102.20^ab	12.31^a	12.40^ab	11.90^a
D₂₄	N₀	49.00^d	8.29^c	7.20^e	6.60^b
	N₁	95.30^b	11.13^a	11.00^bcd	10.30^a
	N₂	95.70^b	11.18^a	10.20^dc	10.50^a
	N₃	109.10^a	12.20^a	13.20^a	11.50^a
密度Density(D)		**	*	ns	*
施氮量 Amount of nitrogen applied(N)		**	**	**	*
密度×施氮量(D×N) Density×Amount of nitrogen applied		**	ns	*	ns

氮肥与密度互作对海岛棉生长发育及产量和品质的影响

Effects of nitrogen-dense interaction on growth, development, yield and quality of Gossypium barbadense L.

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种植密度 Planting density (10⁴株/hm²)	施氮量 Amount of nitrogen applied (kg/hm²)	方程 Equation	t₀ (d)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	Δt (d)	Vm (kg/ (d·hm²))	GT (kg/hm²)	R²
D₂₀	N₀	Y=9 631.34/[(1+e⁽⁵^.^72-0^.⁰⁸²^t⁾]	70.01	53.88	86.13	32.25	196.68	6 342.23	0.997 6
	N₁	Y=15 296.87/[1+e⁽⁵^.^38-0^.⁰⁶³^t⁾]	85.06	64.25	105.88	41.63	241.98	10 072.99	0.992 6
	N₂	Y=17 818.39/[1+e⁽⁴^.^70-0^.⁰⁵⁵^t⁾]	85.77	61.74	109.80	48.06	244.16	11 733.41	0.995 4
	N₃	Y=17 361.52/[1+e⁽⁵^.^93-0^.⁰⁶⁴^t⁾]	92.25	71.76	112.73	40.97	279.02	11 432.56	0.999 8
D₂₄	N₀	Y=11 918.68/[1+e⁽⁴^.^57-0^.⁰⁵⁶^t⁾)	81.84	58.26	105.42	47.16	166.42	7 848.45	0.989 3
	N₁	Y=22 939.28/[1+e⁽⁴^.^07-0^.⁰³⁸^t⁾]	106.66	72.17	141.14	68.97	219.02	15 105.52	0.995 6
	N₂	Y=25 402.54/[1+e⁽³^.^85-0^.⁰³⁷^t⁾]	105.13	69.16	141.10	71.94	232.53	16 727.57	0.969 0
	N₃	Y=22 791.84/[1+e⁽⁴^.^42-0^.⁰⁴⁴^t⁾]	99.91	70.13	129.68	59.55	252.03	15 008.43	0.964 1

种植密度 Planting density (10⁴株/hm²)	施氮量 Amount of nitrogen applied (kg/hm²)	收获株数 Number of plants harvested (10⁴株/hm²)	单株结铃数 Boll number per plant (个)	单铃重 Single boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Cotton seed yield (kg/hm²)	皮棉产量 Cotton lint yield (kg/hm²)
D₂₀	N₀	18.35^b	8.45^d	2.71^ab	34.72^a	4 223.77^b	1 464.60^c
	N₁	17.77^bc	10.41^a	3.10^ab	34.00^a	5 716.54^a	1 942.80^ab
	N₂	17.48^c	10.32^a	3.10^ab	34.23^a	5 614.65^a	1 922.19^ab
	N₃	18.51^b	9.52^ab	3.25^a	32.98^a	5 737.66^a	1 893.83^ab
D₂₄	N₀	22.31^a	7.12^e	2.46^b	34.33^a	3 939.40^b	1 347.85^c
	N₁	21.75^a	8.33^d	3.24^a	32.98^a	5 869.75^a	1 939.97^ab
	N₂	22.18^a	9.23^cd	3.03^ab	34.29^a	6 191.05^a	2 122.62^a
	N₃	21.89^a	8.94^cd	3.13^ab	32.96^a	6 125.31^a	2 022.49^a
密度 Density(D)		**	**	ns	ns	ns	ns
施氮量 Amount of nitrogen applied(N)		ns	**	**	*	*	*
密度×施氮量(D×N) Density×Amount of nitrogen applied		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

密度 Planting density (10⁴株/hm²)	施氮量 Amount of nitrogen applied (kg/hm²)	上半部平均长度 Average length of the upper half(mm)	整齐度 Neatness (%)	断裂比强度 Breaking ratio strength (CN/tex)	断裂伸长率 Elongation at break (%)	马克隆值 Macron value
D₂₀	N₀	39.11^c	89.36^a	47.24^a	8.62^a	4.49^ab
	N₁	39.35^bc	89.87^a	47.66^a	9.37^a	4.42^ab
	N₂	39.49^bc	89.97^a	47.69^a	9.27^a	4.28^ab
	N₃	40.52^a	90.54^a	47.46^a	9.28^a	4.47^ab
D₂₄	N₀	39.23^bc	89.54^a	45.57^a	8.50^a	4.27^ab
	N₁	40.88^a	90.99^a	48.27^a	9.00^a	4.60^a
	N₂	39.52^bc	89.97^a	47.87^a	9.08^a	4.22^b
	N₃	40.54^a	90.97^a	47.57^a	9.36^a	4.51^ab
密度 Density(D)		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
施氮量 Amount of nitrogen applied(N)		*	ns	ns	ns	ns
密度×施氮量(D×N) Density×Amount of nitrogen applied		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

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