有机无机肥配施对冬小麦产量和土壤养分及酶活性的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.003

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (8): 1845-1852.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.003

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

有机无机肥配施对冬小麦产量和土壤养分及酶活性的影响

候丽丽¹^,²(), 王伟³(), 崔新菊², 周大伟²

1.新疆生产建设兵团第六师农业科学研究所,新疆五家渠 831100
2.伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所,新疆伊宁 835000
3.伊宁市农业技术推广站,新疆伊宁 835000

收稿日期:2024-01-15 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-09-19
通信作者: 王伟(1988-),男,新疆昌吉人,高级农艺师,研究方向为作物栽培,(E-mail)894386815@qq.com
作者简介:候丽丽(1988-),女,新疆昌吉人,高级农艺师,研究方向为作物栽培与育种,(E-mail)houliliyili@foxmail.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学青年基金项目(2020D01B53);新疆维吾尔自治区“三农”骨干人才培养项目(2022SNGGNT008)

Effects of organic and inorganic combined application on yield, soil nutrients and enzyme activities of winter wheat

HOU Lili¹^,²(), WANG Wei³(), CUI Xinju², ZHOU Dawei²

1. Agricultural Science Research Institute of the Sixth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Wujiaqu Xinjiang 831301,China
2. Yili Institute of Agricultural Science,Yining Xinjiang 835000,China
3. Agricultural Technology Service in Yining City,Yining Xinjiang 835000,China

Received:2024-01-15 Published:2024-08-20 Online:2024-09-19
Correspondence author: WANG Wei(1988-),male,from Changji, Xinjiang,senior agronomist,research direction: crop cultivation, (E-mail) 894386815@qq.com
Supported by:
Natural Science Youth Fund Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2020D01B53);" Agriculture, Rural and Farmers " Backbone Talent Training Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022SNGGNT008)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究有机无机肥配施对冬小麦生长发育和土壤质量的影响。【方法】采用随机区组试验设计,设置不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(CF)、有机肥替代25%化肥(CF+M25)、有机肥替代50%化肥(CF+M50)、有机肥替代75%化肥(CF+M75)、单施有机肥(M)6个处理,在小麦返青、拔节、开花、灌浆期采集0~20 cm耕层土壤,分析小麦各生育时期有机无机肥配施条件下土壤酶活性与小麦产量、土壤养分的内在关系。【结果】与常规施肥处理相比,CF+M25和CF+M50处理使小麦单位面积穗数、穗粒数增加;单施有机肥处理使冬小麦产量降低,比25%、50%、75%有机肥替代处理分别降低16.2%、15.9%和 16.8%;CF+M25处理和CF+M50处理全氮含量呈持续增加的趋势,在成熟期达到最大值。小麦各生育时期速效钾含量以单施有机肥处理最高,与其他处理差异显著,并在拔节期达到最大值297.5 mg/kg,比常规施肥处理显著提高50.5%;土壤酶活性均与有效磷含量达极显著相关水平,与速效钾之间未达显著相关水平。【结论】土壤养分、酶活性和冬小麦产量之间密切相关,有机肥配施30%左右产量最高。

关键词: 有机无机肥配施; 冬小麦; 产量; 土壤养分; 土壤酶活性

Abstract:

【Objective】 To further investigate the effects of organic inorganic combination application on winter wheat growth and soil quality. 【Methods】 A randomized block design of experiments was used to set six treatments: no fertilization, farmers' conventional fertilization, manure rplacing 25%(CF+M25) chemical fertilizer, manure replacing 50%(CF+M50) chemical fertilizer, manure replacing 75%(CF+M75) chemical fertilizer, and single application of manure. 0-20 cm of arable soil was collected at the turning green, jointing, flowering, and filling stages, and the internal relationship between soil enzyme activity and wheat yield, soil nutrients under the condition of organic and inorganic fertilizer application at each growth stage was discussed. 【Results】 Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment for farmers, 25% and 50% manure treatment increased the number of ears and grains per ear per unit area; The yield of winter wheat under M treatment was 16.2%, 15.9% and 16.8% lower than those under 25%(CF+M25), 50%(CF+M50) and 75%(CF+M75) manure replacement treatments, respectively; The total nitrogen content of CF+M25 and CF+M50 treatments showed a continuous increasing trend, reaching its maximum value during the mature period. The highest available potassium content was observed in the M treatment at each growth stage, which showed a significant difference compared to other treatments. It reached its maximum value of 297.5 mg/kg during the jointing stage, significantly increasing by 50.5% compared to the CF treatment; Soil enzyme activity was highly significantly correlated with available phosphorus content, but not significantly correlated with available potassium. 【Conclusion】 Soil nutrients, enzyme activities and winter wheat yield are closely related. The combination of manure with 30% can achieve the theoretical maximum yield.

Key words: combined application of organic and inorganic fertilize; winter wheat; yield; soil nutrient; soil enzyme activity

中图分类号:

S512.1

候丽丽, 王伟, 崔新菊, 周大伟. 有机无机肥配施对冬小麦产量和土壤养分及酶活性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 1845-1852.

HOU Lili, WANG Wei, CUI Xinju, ZHOU Dawei. Effects of organic and inorganic combined application on yield, soil nutrients and enzyme activities of winter wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(8): 1845-1852.

图/表 6

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处理 Treatments	pH值 pH value	全氮 Total N (g/kg)	有效磷 Avail. P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Avail.K (mg/kg)
CK	8.19	0.85	14.11	137
CF	8.15	0.88	15.39	145
CF+M25	8.11	0.94	16.54	156.3
CF+M50	8.08	0.97	16.32	152.5
CF+M75	7.98	0.94	15.98	159
M	7.86	0.92	16.01	155.4

处理 Treatments	pH值 pH value	全氮 Total N (g/kg)	有效磷 Avail. P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Avail.K (mg/kg)
CK	8.19	0.85	14.11	137
CF	8.15	0.88	15.39	145
CF+M25	8.11	0.94	16.54	156.3
CF+M50	8.08	0.97	16.32	152.5
CF+M75	7.98	0.94	15.98	159
M	7.86	0.92	16.01	155.4

处理 Trea- tments	N配比 N proportion(%)		施肥量 Amount of fertilizer(kg/hm²)
处理 Trea- tments	尿素 Urea	有机肥 Organic manure	尿素 Urea	有机肥 Organic manure	总氮含量 Total nitrogen content
CK	0	0	0	0	0
CF	100	0	423.9	0	195
CF+M25	75	25	317.9	375	195
CF+M50	50	50	212	750	195
CF+M75	25	75	106	1 125	195
M	0	100	0.92	1 500	195

处理 Trea- tments	N配比 N proportion(%)		施肥量 Amount of fertilizer(kg/hm²)
处理 Trea- tments	尿素 Urea	有机肥 Organic manure	尿素 Urea	有机肥 Organic manure	总氮含量 Total nitrogen content
CK	0	0	0	0	0
CF	100	0	423.9	0	195
CF+M25	75	25	317.9	375	195
CF+M50	50	50	212	750	195
CF+M75	25	75	106	1 125	195
M	0	100	0.92	1 500	195

处理 Treatments	有效穗数 Spike number (10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Grain number (per ear)	千粒重 1000 grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
CK	466.81 ± 22.32^c	34.43 ± 4.35^c	43.65 ± 5.47^c	4 865.74 ± 122.35^c
CF	501.53 ± 32.61^a	47.57 ± 3.65^a	52.37 ± 2.35^a	6 251.15 ± 98.52^a
CF+M25	509.55 ± 53.25^a	47.80 ± 0.98^a	52.07 ± 3.54^a	6 229.76 ± 256.81^a
CF+M50	503.57 ± 36.74^a	48.80 ± 2.17^a	54.07 ± 3.98^a	6 296.51 ± 247.30^a
CF+M75	473.53 ± 44.22^ab	44.03 ± 3.39^a	50.05 ± 2.39^a	5 662.82 ± 189.64^b
M	470.62 ± 35.75^b	42.75 ± 4.35^b	48.53 ± 3.15^b	5 238.65 ± 152.75^b

有机无机肥配施对冬小麦产量和土壤养分及酶活性的影响

Effects of organic and inorganic combined application on yield, soil nutrients and enzyme activities of winter wheat

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Metrics

处理 Treatments	指标 Indexes	返青期 Turning green stage	拔节期 Joining stage	灌浆期 Filling stage	收获期 Maturity stage
CK	过氧化氢酶 (mL/g)	1.93 ± 0.01^b	2.18 ± 0.01^c	2.24 ± 0.01^c	2.15 ± 0.01^b
CF		2.00 ± 0.03^a	2.31 ± 0.01^b	2.44 ± 0.02^b	2.19 ± 0.02^a
CF+M25		2.02 ± 0.01^a	2.53 ± 0.01^a	2.62 ± 0.01^a	2.20 ± 0.01^a
CF+M50		2.00 ± 0.01^a	2.47 ± 0.02^a	2.57 ± 0.01^ab	2.19 ± 0.03^a
CF+M75		1.96 ± 0.03^ab	2.33 ± 0.01^b	2.42 ± 0.02^b	2.19 ± 0.02^a
M		1.96 ± 0.01^ab	2.30± 0.02^b	2.40 ± 0.01^b	2.17 ± 0.05^ab
CK	磷酸酶 (mg/(g·d))	1.61 ± 0.07^c	2.62 ± 0.03^c	2.14 ± 0.10^c	1.80 ± 0.13^c
CF		2.45 ± 0.05^a	3.35 ± 0.17^b	2.70 ± 0.08^b	2.24 ± 0.16^b
CF+M25		2.36 ± 0.34^ab	3.40 ± 0.15^ab	2.74 ± 0.14^b	2.39 ± 0.07^a
CF+M50		2.27 ± 0.37^ab	3.46 ± 0.08^a	2.95 ± 0.07^a	2.40 ± 0.28^a
CF+M75		2.21 ± 0.41^ab	2.93 ± 0.01^b	2.80 ± 0.08^ab	1.96 ± 0.04^b
M		2.17 ± 0.26^b	2.81 ± 0.26^bc	2.55 ± 0.04^c	1.87 ± 0.05^bc
CK	脲酶 (mg/(g·d))	0.95 ± 0.07^d	2.28 ± 0.07^b	1.84 ± 0.09^c	1.80 ± 0.13^b
CF		1.21 ± 0.06^a	2.50 ± 0.01^a	2.09 ± 0.03^ab	2.00± 0.16^a
CF+M25		1.05 ± 0.04^b	2.57 ± 0.10^a	2.30 ± 0.08^a	2.04 ± 0.28^a
CF+M50		1.10 ± 0.06^ab	2.51 ± 0.20^a	2.26 ± 0.17^a	2.06 ± 0.07^a
CF+M75		1.00 ± 0.05^bd	2.36 ± 0.06^b	1.93 ± 0.03^b	1.96 ± 0.04^ab
M		0.97 ± 0.01^d	2.32 ± 0.01^b	1.84 ± 0.06^c	1.87 ± 0.05^b
CK	蔗糖酶 (mg/(g·d))	24.29 ± 1.54^c	26.81 ± 0.59^c	27.80 ±1.11^c	29.86 ± 0.33^c
CF		31.89 ± 1.01^a	32.06 ± 0.10^b	33.83 ±1.53^a	35.95 ± 1.69^b
CF+M25		30.78 ± 2.38^a	34.90 ± 0.91^a	36.29 ± 0.05^a	37.18 ± 2.90^a
CF+M50		27.06 ± 0.23^b	32.80 ± 0.03^ab	35.66 ±1.82^ab	36.22 ± 0.79^ab
CF+M75		25.95 ± 0.86^bc	29.29 ± 1.67^bc	33.96 ± 3.08^b	35.39 ± 3.53^b
M		25.85 ± 0.72^bc	28.29 ± 1.05^bc	30.48 ±1.08^c	33.29 ± 3.19^bc

品质性状 Quality traits	过氧化氢酶 Catalase	磷酸酶 APtase	脲酶 Urease	蔗糖酶 Invertase	有效磷 Avail. P	速效钾 Avail.K	有机质 SOM	全氮 Total N
产量 Yield	0.88^**	0.98^**	0.97^**	0.98^**	0.97^**	0.11	0.77^*	0.72^*
过氧化氢酶 Catalase		0.92^**	0.89^**	0.92^**	0.92^**	0.09	0.85^*	0.85^*
磷酸酶 APtase			0.94^**	0.96^**	0.99^**	0.06	0.84^*	0.76^*
脲酶 Urease				0.95^**	0.95^**	-0.25	0.76^*	0.76^*
蔗糖酶 Invertase					0.99^**	-0.04	0.70	0.68

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