氮肥减量配施生物有机肥对春小麦增产及土壤培肥的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.006

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (8): 1872-1882.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.006

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

氮肥减量配施生物有机肥对春小麦增产及土壤培肥的影响

袁以琳(), 颜安(), 左筱筱, 侯正清, 张振飞, 肖淑婷, 孙哲, 马梦倩, 赵宇航

新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2024-01-10 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-09-19
通信作者: 颜安(1983-),男,四川安岳人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为数字农业技术、农业资源与环境,(E-mail)zryanan@163.com
作者简介:袁以琳(1994-),男,河南驻马店人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业信息化,(E-mail)171043013@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项“南疆盐碱地促生生物有机肥研制技术引进与推广”(2019E0245)

Impact of reduced nitrogen fertilization combined with bio-organic fertilizer on spring wheat yield enhancement and soil enrichment

YUAN Yilin(), YAN An(), ZUO Xiaoxiao, HOU Zhengqing, ZHANG Zhenfei, XIAO Shuting, SUN Zhe, MA Mengqian, ZHAO Yuhang

College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2024-01-10 Published:2024-08-20 Online:2024-09-19
Correspondence author: YAN An (1983 - ), male, from Anyue, Sichuan, professor, Ph.D., master/dotoral supervisor, research direction: digital agricultural technology, agricultural resources, and environment, (E-mail) zryanan@163.com
Supported by:
The Regional Collaborative Innovation Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region"Introduction and Promotion of Development Technology for Growth-Promoting Bio-organic Fertilizers in Saline-Alkali Lands in Southern Xinjiang"(2019E0245)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究氮肥减量配施生物有机肥对春小麦增产及土壤培肥的影响。【方法】在新疆昌吉回族自治州(简称昌吉州)呼图壁县五工台镇十户村农场进行培肥试验,研究有机肥对土壤有机质和养分的影响。以不施肥(CK)为对照,设置1个常规施肥(CF)处理,2个氮肥减量水平T₁D₁、T₁D₂(氮肥减量15%,氮肥减量30%)和2个生物有机肥施肥量T₂D₁、T₂D₂(1 125 、2 250 kg/hm²),共6个处理,每个处理4次重复。【结果】与常规施肥CF相比,各氮肥减量配施生物有机肥处理的春小麦LAI和SPAD值均有提高,春小麦理论产量增加了9.03%~28.84%;各氮肥减量处理降低了0~10 cm、10~20 cm土层的土壤pH值和土壤电导率,增加了土壤有机质。氮肥减量相同时,施用2 250 kg/hm²生物有机肥的处理比施用1 125 kg/hm²生物有机肥的处理增加土壤养分含量更高;当生物有机肥施量相同时,各土层氮肥减量15%处理比氮肥减量30%处理的土壤养分含量更高。与不施肥处理CK与常规施肥处理CF相比,各氮肥减量配施生物有机肥处理的土壤细菌数量和放线菌数量呈上升趋势,土壤真菌数量呈下降趋势。【结论】氮肥减量15%时配施生物有机肥是实现肥料资源合理利用和改善土壤环境的良好施肥模式,促进盐碱地春小麦生长发育,降低土壤pH值和电导率,增加土壤养分含量,调节土壤可培养微生物数量结构的效果最佳。

关键词: 生物有机肥; 春小麦; 盐碱地; 氮肥减量

Abstract:

【Objective】 Study on impact of reduced nitrogen fertilization combined with bio-organic fertilizer on spring wheat yield enhancement and soil enrichment.【Methods】 A field enrichment experiment was conducted at Shihuzi Village Farm in Wugongtai Town, Hutubi County, Changji Prefecture, Xinjiang to study the effects of organic fertilizer on soil organic matter and nutrient levels. Six treatments were employed: a control without fertilizer application (CK), a conventional fertilizer application (CF), two levels of nitrogen reduction (T₁D₁, T₁D₂, reduced by 15% and 30%, respectively), and two bio-organic fertilizer application rates (T₂D₁, T₂D₂, at 1,125 kg/hm² and 2,250 kg/hm²). Each treatment was replicated four times. 【Results】 In comparison to CF, treatments combining reduced nitrogen and bio-organic fertilizer application exhibited improved leaf area index (LAI) and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) values for spring wheat. The theoretical yield of spring wheat increased by 9.03% to 28.84%. The nitrogen reduction treatments lowered soil pH and electrical conductivity in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers, while augmenting soil organic matter. With the same nitrogen reduction, the treatment with 2,250 kg/hm² bio-organic fertilizer displayed higher soil nutrient content compared with the treatment with 1,125 kg/hm². When applying the same quantity of bio-organic fertilizer, the 15% nitrogen reduction treatment had greater soil nutrient content than the 30% reduction treatment. In contrast to CK and CF treatments, the treatments integrating reduced nitrogen and bio-organic fertilizer application exhibited increased populations of soil bacteria and actinomycetes, whereas soil fungal populations diminished. 【Conclusion】 A 15% reduction in nitrogen fertilization coupled with bio-organic fertilizer application emerges as an effective fertilization strategy, which encourages prudent utilization of fertilizer resources, enhances soil conditions, promots spring wheat growth in saline-alkali lands, reduces soil pH and electrical conductivity, boosts soil nutrient levels, and optimizes soil microbiota composition.

Key words: bio-organic fertilizer; spring wheat; saline-alkali land; nitrogen reduction

中图分类号:

S512

袁以琳, 颜安, 左筱筱, 侯正清, 张振飞, 肖淑婷, 孙哲, 马梦倩, 赵宇航. 氮肥减量配施生物有机肥对春小麦增产及土壤培肥的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 1872-1882.

YUAN Yilin, YAN An, ZUO Xiaoxiao, HOU Zhengqing, ZHANG Zhenfei, XIAO Shuting, SUN Zhe, MA Mengqian, ZHAO Yuhang. Impact of reduced nitrogen fertilization combined with bio-organic fertilizer on spring wheat yield enhancement and soil enrichment[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(8): 1872-1882.

图/表 10

表1 试验各处理施肥量

Tab.1 Fertilization amount of each treatment(kg/hm2)

处理 Treatments	基肥 Base fertilizer				追施氮肥 Top dressing
	化肥 Chemical fertilizer				追施氮肥 Top dressing
	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	生物有机肥 Biological organic fertilizer	拔节期 Jointing stage	孕穗期 Booting stage
CK	0	0	0	0	0	0
CF	120	120	75	0	120	60
T₁D₁	102	120	75	1 125	102	51
T₁D₂	102	120	75	2 250	102	51
T₂D₁	84	120	75	1 125	84	42
T₂D₂	84	120	75	2 250	84	42

图1 氮肥减量配施生物有机肥下春小麦LAI值的变化

Fig.1 Changes of nitrogen reduction combined with bio organic fertilizer on LAI value of spring wheat

图2 氮肥减量配施生物有机肥下春小麦SPAD值的变化

Fig.2 Changes of nitrogen reduction combined with bio organic fertilizer on SPAD value of spring wheat

表2 春小麦产量及其构成因素

Tab.2 Yield and its components of spring wheat

处理 Treatments	穗长 Spike length (cm)	穗数 Panicle number (10⁴ /hm²)	穗粒数 Grains per panicle (粒)	千粒重 1 000 grain weight (g)	理论产量 Grain yield (kg/hm²)
CK	9.17±0.09^b	497.35±22.94^b	17.00±0.58^d	31.33±0.58^c	3 202.66±256.33^d
CF	9.96±0.08^a	624.75±31.21^a	21.60±0.69^c	34.86±0.45^b	5 363.75±246.03^c
T₁D₁	10.26±0.23^a	586.25±12.46^a	31.80±1.80^a	35.57±0.41^b	6 592.18±68.15^a
T₁D₂	10.45±0.39^a	598.51±29.23^a	33.00±0.6^a	40.65±3.03^a	6 910.93±123.82^a
T₂D₁	10.23±0.22^a	570.96±16.43^a	28.00±1.06^b	36.97±0.86^b	5 848.35±431.75^bc
T₂D₂	10.27±0.18^a	573.91±9.94^a	30.80±0.40^a	36.76±0.68^b	6 489.454±69.23^ab

图3 氮肥减量配施生物有机肥下土壤pH值的变化注:(a)0~10 cm土壤pH;(b)10~20 cm土壤pH值

Fig.3 Changes of nitrogen reduction combined with bio organic fertilizer on soil pH Notes: (a) 0~10 cm soil pH; (b) 10~20 cm soil pH

图4 氮肥减量配施生物有机肥下土壤电导率的变化注:(a)0~10 cm电导率;(b)10~20 cm电导率

Fig.4 Changes of nitrogen reduction combined with bio organic fertilizer on soil electrical conductivity Notes: (a)0-10 cm conductivity; (b)10-20 cm conductivity

图5 氮肥减量配施生物有机肥下土壤有机质含量的变化注:(a)0~10 cm有机质;(b)10~20 cm有机质

Fig.5 Changes of nitrogen reduction combined with bio organic fertilizer on soil organic matter content Notes: (a) 0-10 cm organic matter;(b) 10-20 cm organic matter

图6 氮肥减量配施生物有机肥下土壤全氮、全磷、全钾含量的变化注:(a)0~10 cm全氮;(b)10~20 cm全氮;(c)0~10 cm全磷;(d)10~20 cm全磷;(e)0~10 cm全钾;(f)10~20 cm全钾

Fig.6 Changes of reduced nitrogen fertilizer combined with bio organic fertilizer on the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in soil Notes: (a) 0-10 cm total nitrogen; (b) 10-20 cm total nitrogen; (c) 0-10 cm total phosphorus; (d) 10-20 cm total phosphorus; (e) 0-10 cm total potassium; (f) 10-20 cm total potassium

图7 氮肥减量配施生物有机肥下土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量的变化注:(a)0~10 cm碱解氮,(b)10~20 cm碱解氮,(c)0~10 cm速效磷,(d)10~20 cm速效磷,(e)0~10 cm速效钾,(f)10~20 cm速效钾

Fig.7 Effects of nitrogen reduction combined with bio organic fertilizer on the contents of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil Notes: (a) 0-10 cm alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,(b) 10-20 cm alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,(c) 0-10 cm available phosphorus,(d) 10-20 cm available phosphorus, (e) 0-10 cm available potassium, (f) 10-20 cm available potassium

表3 氮肥减量配施生物有机肥下土壤微生物数量的变化

Tab.3 Changes of nitrogen reduction combined with bio organic fertilizer on the number of soilmicroorganisms

处理 Treatments	细菌 Bacteria (10⁶ cfu/g)	真菌 Fungus (10⁴ cfu/g)	放线菌 Actinomycetes (10⁵ cfu/g)
CK	1.30±0.14^d	5.65±0.49^ab	2.77±0.18^c
CF	1.19±0.29^d	6.90±0.85^a	3.30±0.28^c
T₁D₁	6.15±0.78^c	4.35±0.63^bc	4.15±0.21^b
T₁D₂	9.50±0.02^b	3.07±0.79^c	4.78±0.31^ab
T₂D₁	8.00±0.01^bc	3.90±0.57^c	4.35±0.35^b
T₂D₂	12.50±0.71^a	3.01±0.13^c	5.20±0.42^a

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氮肥减量配施生物有机肥对春小麦增产及土壤培肥的影响

Impact of reduced nitrogen fertilization combined with bio-organic fertilizer on spring wheat yield enhancement and soil enrichment

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[1]	王春生, 李剑峰, 张跃强, 樊哲儒, 王重, 高新, 时佳, 张宏芝, 王立红, 夏建强, 王芳平, 赵奇. 新疆主栽春小麦品种花药培养力基因型差异分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2081-2086.
[2]	袁莹莹, 赵经华, 迪力穆拉提·司马义, 杨庭瑞. 基于apriori算法对盆栽春小麦生理指标及产量的分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 1861-1871.
[3]	刘旭欢, 于姗, 刘跃, 石书兵. 不同粒级春小麦种子活力差异比较[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 1883-1887.
[4]	杨梅, 赵红梅, 迪丽热巴·夏米西丁, 杨卫君, 张金汕, 惠超. 氮肥减量配施生物质炭对春小麦群体结构、光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(7): 1582-1589.
[5]	王一钊, 杨其志, 刘玉秀, 阿拉依·努尔卡马力, Vladimir Shvidchenko, 张正茂. PEG胁迫下评价哈萨克斯坦不同春小麦种质苗期的抗旱性[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(6): 1352-1360.
[6]	张宏芝, 王立红, 时佳, 孔德鹏, 王重, 高新, 李剑峰, 王春生, 夏建强, 樊哲儒, 张跃强. 土壤水分对不同抗旱性春小麦品种叶片保护性酶活性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1041-1047.
[7]	古力尼尕尔·吐尔洪, 张金汕, 李丹丹, 张路路, 王润琪, 石书兵. 不同引发剂处理对春小麦种子活力及生理特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(4): 869-877.
[8]	董艳雪, 贾永红, 张金汕, 李丹丹, 王凯, 罗四维, 王润琪, 石书兵. 不同生态区环境下春小麦干物质积累及产量形成分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 1848-1857.
[9]	李怀胜, 艾洪玉, 孟玲, 王贺亚, 张磊, 艾海峰. 减氮下运筹养分吸收高峰期追施比例对春小麦的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 1866-1872.
[10]	王兴州, 时晓磊, 张恒, 曲可佳, 耿洪伟, 丁孙磊, 张金波, 严勇亮. 引进春小麦品种萌发期耐盐性鉴定及评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(6): 1353-1362.
[11]	曲可佳, 时晓磊, 张恒, 王兴州, 耿洪伟, 丁孙磊, 张金波, 严勇亮. PEG处理下引进春小麦品种苗期抗旱性评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(6): 1363-1371.
[12]	刘兴宇, 袁建钰, 李广, 张娟, 徐万恒, 张霞霞. 陇中黄土高原春小麦品种和优化施肥[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(6): 1398-1405.
[13]	朱宝国, 匡恩俊, 滕占林, 孟庆英, 王囡囡, 冯浩原, 邱磊, 高雪冬, 张春峰. 不同生物有机肥配施化肥对大豆植株生长、抗病及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(5): 1127-1133.
[14]	贾永红, 魏海鹏, 侯殿亮, 曾潮武, 纳斯如拉·克热木, 梁晓东. 新疆自育春小麦品种抗旱性及农艺性状相关性评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(12): 2940-2948.
[15]	罗晓颖, 房彦飞, 孙婷婷, 唐江华, 王鲁振, 唐甜, 王晨, 徐文修. 播种量对旱地春小麦干物质积累、灌浆特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(11): 2704-2711.