旱作条件下氮肥减施对水稻产量及氮肥偏生产力的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.010

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (8): 1907-1915.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.010

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

旱作条件下氮肥减施对水稻产量及氮肥偏生产力的影响

赵敏华¹^,²(), 宋秉曦¹, 张宇鹏¹, 高志红¹, 朱勇勇¹, 陈晓远¹()

1.韶关学院生物与农业学院/粤北水土资源高效利用工程技术研究中心,广东韶关 512005
2.喀什大学生命与地理科学学院/喀什大学新疆帕米尔高原生物资源与生态重点实验室,新疆喀什 844000

收稿日期:2023-07-03 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-09-19
通信作者: 陈晓远(1968-),男,广东韶关人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为作物水分与养分高效利用,(E-mail)chenxy2@163.com
作者简介:赵敏华(1997-),女,山西人,硕士,研究方向为作物水分与养分高效利用,(E-mail)zmhuayk@163.com
基金资助:
广东省自然科学基金项目(2023A1515011736);韶关学院国家级大学生创新训练计划项目(202110576016);韶关市科技计划项目(220606154533827);广东省教育厅普通高校重点科研平台和项目(2020KCXTD037)

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on rice yield and nitrogen partial factor productivity under dry farming conditions

ZHAO Minhua¹^,²(), SONG Bingxi¹, ZHANG Yupeng¹, GAO Zhihong¹, ZHU Yongyong¹, CHEN Xiaoyuan¹()

1. College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University/Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Water and Soil Resources in Northern Guangdong, Shaoguan Guangdong 512005, China
2. College of Life and Geographical Sciences, Kashi University/Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Xinjiang Pamir Plateau, Kashi University, Kashgar Xinjiang 844000, China

Received:2023-07-03 Published:2024-08-20 Online:2024-09-19
Correspondence author: CHEN Xiaoyuan(1968-), male, from Shaoguan Guangdong,professor,Ph.D.,master/doctoral supervison,research direction:Crop water and nutrients are highly effcient, (E-mail)chenxy2@163.com
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515011736);Innovation Training Project for College Students of Shaoguan University(202110576016);Science and Technology Program Project of Shaoguan City(220606154533827);Key Scientific Research Platform Project in General Universities of Department of Education of Guangdong Province(2020KCXTD037)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究旱作条件下减量施用氮肥对水稻营养元素含量以及氮肥偏生产力的影响。【方法】以美香粘为材料进行大田试验,设置5个处理:常规淹水施氮(216 kg/hm²,CK)、旱作施氮(216 kg/hm²,H₀)、旱作减氮10%(194.4 kg/hm²,H₁₀)和旱作减氮20%(172.8 kg/hm²,H₂₀)、旱作减氮40%(129.6 kg/hm²,H₄₀),研究不同水分条件和氮肥减施对稻田土壤基础养分、水稻生物量、含氮量以及产量和氮肥偏生产力的影响。【结果】与传统淹水栽培相比,水稻旱作显著提高了土壤有机质含量,显著降低了土壤pH值和速效磷含量,其它养分含量均无显著变化。旱作降低了水稻根、茎、叶、穗生物量、总氮含量以及氮肥偏生产力,水稻单位面积株数、千粒重、产量在旱作处理下无明显变化。在旱作条件下减施氮肥,土壤养分状况变化各异,与旱作和传统淹水栽培相比变化较小。水稻根、茎、叶、穗生物量和含氮量随着氮肥减施程度的增加下降,穗生物量和氮含量在H₄₀处理下相比H₀处理显著升高。氮肥偏生产力随着氮肥减施程度增加而提高,在H₄₀时达到最高。与H₀相比,H₁₀、H₂₀的产量降低幅度不显著,H₄₀降低幅度大于H₁₀和H₂₀,但其产量与H₀差异不显著。【结论】在旱作条件下氮肥减施40%,可在产量不显著降低的同时却显著提高肥料生产力。

关键词: 水稻; 旱作; 氮肥减施; 氮素利用率; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the effects of reducing nitrogen application on nutrient content and nitrogen partial factor productivity of rice under dry farming conditions. 【Methods】 A field experiment was conducted with Meixiangnian as the material. Five treatments were set up: conventional flooding nitrogen application (216 kg/hm², CK), dry farming nitrogen application (216 kg/hm², H₀), dry farming nitrogen reduction 10 % (194.4 kg/hm², H₁₀), dry farming nitrogen reduction 20 % (172.8 kg/hm², H₂₀), dry farming nitrogen reduction 40 % (129.6 kg/hm², H₄₀). The effects of different water conditions and nitrogen fertilizer reduction on soil basic nutrients, rice biomass, nitrogen content, yield and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer in paddy field were studied. 【Results】 The results showed that compared with the traditional flooding cultivation, rice dry farming significantly increased soil organic matter content, significantly reduced soil pH value and available phosphorus content, and other nutrient contents did not change significantly. Dry farming reduced the biomass of rice roots, stems, leaves, panicles, total nitrogen content and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer. There was no significant change in the number of plants per unit area, 1000-grain weight and yield of rice under dry farming. Under the condition of reducing nitrogen fertilizer in dry farming, the change of soil nutrient status was different, and the change was slighter than that of dry farming and traditional flooding cultivation. The biomass and nitrogen content of roots, stems, leaves and panicles of rice decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer reduction, and the biomass and nitrogen content of panicles increased significantly under H₄₀ treatment compared with H₀ treatment. The partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer reduction, and reached the highest at H₄₀. Compared with H₀, the yield of H₁₀ and H₂₀ did not decrease significantly, and the decrease of H₄₀ was greater than those of H₁₀ and H₂₀, but the yield was not significantly different from that of H₀. 【Conclusion】 Reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 40 % under dry farming conditions can significantly increase fertilizer productivity while reducing yield.

Key words: rice; dryland; nitrogen reduction; nitrogen use efficiency; yield

中图分类号:

S511

赵敏华, 宋秉曦, 张宇鹏, 高志红, 朱勇勇, 陈晓远. 旱作条件下氮肥减施对水稻产量及氮肥偏生产力的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 1907-1915.

ZHAO Minhua, SONG Bingxi, ZHANG Yupeng, GAO Zhihong, ZHU Yongyong, CHEN Xiaoyuan. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on rice yield and nitrogen partial factor productivity under dry farming conditions[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(8): 1907-1915.

图/表 6

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处理 Treatments	N用量 N dosage (kg/hm²)	P₂O₅用量 P₂O₅ dosage (kg/hm²)	K₂O 用量 K₂O dosage (kg/hm²)
CK	216	112.5	112.5
H₀	216	112.5	112.5
H₁₀	194.4	112.5	112.5
H₂₀	172.8	112.5	112.5
H₄₀	129.6	112.5	112.5

处理 Treatments	N用量 N dosage (kg/hm²)	P₂O₅用量 P₂O₅ dosage (kg/hm²)	K₂O 用量 K₂O dosage (kg/hm²)
CK	216	112.5	112.5
H₀	216	112.5	112.5
H₁₀	194.4	112.5	112.5
H₂₀	172.8	112.5	112.5
H₄₀	129.6	112.5	112.5

处理 Treatments	第一次 First (kg)			第二次 Second (kg)			第三次 Third (kg)
处理 Treatments	尿素 Urea	过磷酸钙 Calcium superpho- sphate	氯化钾 Potassium chloride	尿素 Urea	过磷酸钙 Calcium superpho- sphate	氯化钾 Potassium chloride	尿素 Urea	过磷酸钙 Calcium superpho- sphate	氯化钾 Potassium chloride
CK	0.94	0.00	0.00	0.83	2.36	0.99	0.83	1.39	0.58
H₀	0.94	0.00	0.00	0.83	2.36	0.99	0.83	1.39	0.58
H₁₀	0.84	0.00	0.00	0.75	2.36	0.99	0.75	1.39	0.58
H₂₀	0.75	0.00	0.00	0.67	2.36	0.99	0.67	1.39	0.58
H₄₀	0.56	0.00	0.00	0.50	2.36	0.99	0.50	1.39	0.58

处理 Treatments	第一次 First (kg)			第二次 Second (kg)			第三次 Third (kg)
处理 Treatments	尿素 Urea	过磷酸钙 Calcium superpho- sphate	氯化钾 Potassium chloride	尿素 Urea	过磷酸钙 Calcium superpho- sphate	氯化钾 Potassium chloride	尿素 Urea	过磷酸钙 Calcium superpho- sphate	氯化钾 Potassium chloride
CK	0.94	0.00	0.00	0.83	2.36	0.99	0.83	1.39	0.58
H₀	0.94	0.00	0.00	0.83	2.36	0.99	0.83	1.39	0.58
H₁₀	0.84	0.00	0.00	0.75	2.36	0.99	0.75	1.39	0.58
H₂₀	0.75	0.00	0.00	0.67	2.36	0.99	0.67	1.39	0.58
H₄₀	0.56	0.00	0.00	0.50	2.36	0.99	0.50	1.39	0.58

处理 Treatments	土壤养分含量 Soil nutrient content
处理 Treatments	pH值 pH value	有机质Organic matter (g/kg)	硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (mg/kg)	铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen (mg/kg)	碱解氮 Alkaline nitrogen (mg/kg)	速效磷 Olsen-P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg/kg)
CK	6.21±0.03^a	2.79±0.82^b	7.21±0.18^a	3.41±0.21^c	100.28±5.77^b	124.77±3.42^ab	133.99±1.27^b
H₀	5.83±0.04^b	4.83±0.21^a	7.45±0.96^a	3.84±0.08^bc	98.61±4.01^b	98.74±16.24^c	132.02±4.08^bc
H₁₀	5.82±0.01^b	4.00±0.30^ab	8.35±0.76^a	3.17±0.53^c	103.98±6.02^b	110.33±0.97^bc	141.22±1.27^a
H₂₀	5.62±0.01^c	4.00±0.59^ab	8.75±0.49^a	28.41±0.25^a	155.21±5.95^a	125.64±0.46^ab	141.83±3.83^a
H₄₀	5.35±0.01^d	3.69±0.11^ab	7.68±0.83^a	4.45±0.51^b	96.96±2.57^b	137.85±11.75^a	126.25±0.76^c

旱作条件下氮肥减施对水稻产量及氮肥偏生产力的影响

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on rice yield and nitrogen partial factor productivity under dry farming conditions

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Metrics

处理 Treatments	植株氮含量 plant nitrogen content (g/株)				植株总氮量 Total nitrogen content of plant (g/株)
处理 Treatments	茎 Stem	穗 Cluster	叶片 Leaf	根 Root	植株总氮量 Total nitrogen content of plant (g/株)
CK	0.67±0.07^a	0.69±0.05^a	0.54±0.07^a	0.35±0.07^a	2.25
H₀	0.66±0.07^a	0.39±0.01^c	0.54±0.02^a	0.24±0.03^b	1.83
H₁₀	0.31±0.05^b	0.36±0.01^c	0.44±0.06^b	0.13±0.02^c	1.24
H₂₀	0.41±0.15^b	0.30±0.03^d	0.31±0.11^c	0.11±0.04^c	1.25
H₄₀	0.35±0.02^b	0.54±0.05^b	0.38±0.01^c	0.14±0.01^c	1.45

处理 Treatments	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	千粒重 thousand-grain weight (g/千粒)	株数 (株/cm²)	氮肥偏生产力 nitrogen partial factor productivity (kg/kg)
CK	12 894.74±131.58^a	24.17±1.01^a	40.50±2.12^a	53
H₀	12 587.72±303.87^ab	23.94±0.72^a	39.50±3.54^a	52.44
H₁₀	12 543.86±151.94^ab	23.48±0.49^a	37.00±1.41^a	58.07
H₂₀	12 456.14±724.68^ab	22.91±0.36^ab	26.50±2.12^b	64.88
H₄₀	12 061.40±200.98^b	22.15±0.63^b	24.50±0.71^b	83.76

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