不同施钾量对滴灌花生光合特性及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.012

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (8): 1926-1936.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.012

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

不同施钾量对滴灌花生光合特性及产量的影响

李锁丞¹(), 柳延涛²(), 董红业², 孙振博¹, 李紫薇¹, 张春媛¹, 王开勇¹(), 李强³, 杨明凤⁴

1.石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子 832003
2.新疆农垦科学院作物研究所,新疆石河子 832000
3.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
4.乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站,新疆石河子 832000

收稿日期:2024-01-08 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-09-19
通信作者: 柳延涛(1979-),男,新疆石河子人,研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为花生栽培生理及抗逆,(E-mail)zibeng1979@126.com;
王开勇(1978-),男,新疆石河子人,教授,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为土壤环境与生态安全,(E-mail)wky20@163.com
作者简介:李锁丞(1997-),男,河南南阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤肥料,(E-mail)M15810730018@163.com
基金资助:
新疆生产建设兵团第二师铁门关科技攻关项目“塔里木盆地东南缘花生绿色丰产关键技术研究与示范”(2019NYGG13);花生国家产业技术体系新疆综合试验站(CARS-13)

Effects of potassium nutrition on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of peanut

LI Suocheng¹(), LIU Yantao²(), DONG Hongye², SUN Zhenbo¹, LI Ziwei¹, ZHANG Chunyuan¹, WANG Kaiyong¹(), LI Qiang³, YANG Mingfeng⁴

1. Agricultural College of Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang 832003,China
2. Crop Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China
3. Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
4. Wulanwusu Agrometeorological Experimental Station, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China

Received:2024-01-08 Published:2024-08-20 Online:2024-09-19
Correspondence author: LIU Yantao(1979-), male, from Shihezi Xinjiang,researcher, research direction: peanut high yield cultivation technology research and promotion work, (E-mail)zibeng1979@126.com;
WANG Kaiyong(1978-), male, from Shihezi Xinjiang,professor, research direction: soil environment and ecological security research, (E-mail)wky20@163.com
Supported by:
The Scientific R & D Project of Tiemenguan City of the Second Division of XPCC "Research and Demonstration of Key Technology of Green and High-yield Peanut Peanut in Southeast Margin of Tarim Basin"(2019NYGG13);China Agriculture Research System(CARS-13)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同施钾量对滴灌花生光合特性及产量的影响,为筛选新疆滴灌花生钾肥最佳施肥量提供依据。【方法】采用花育9610和黑花5号为材料,设置4个施钾处理:0 kg/hm²(K₀)、150 kg/hm²(K₁)、225 kg/hm²(K₂)和300 kg/hm²(K₃),比较不同施钾量对花生光合参数、叶绿素含量及荧光参数的影响,分析不同施钾量对滴灌花生光合特性及产量的影响。【结果】花育9610和黑花5号在K₂处理下提高了净光合率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度与K₀相比分别提高了9.67%、60.49%和13.53%,降低了胞间CO₂浓度,分别降低了14.25%、55.97%和15.14%;于出苗后80 d,K₂处理叶绿素含量、施钾量达到峰值,分别为2.92和3.01 mg/g;花育9610和黑花5号在整个生育期中ETR、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、PSⅡ潜在光化学活性(F_v/F_o)均在出苗80 d K₂处理达到最大值,分别为98.34、0.84;4.24,98.57、0.85和4.32,较K₀处理有显著提高;花育9610和黑花5号不同施钾肥较不施钾肥在单株结果数、百果重、百仁重、出仁率均有所增加,不同施钾处理所表现的产量差异为K₂>K₃>K₁>K₀,花育9610和黑花5号以K₂处理产量最高,分别为9 428.71 和9 968.35 kg/hm²,较不施肥增产33.66%和35.26%。【结论】花育9610和黑花5号在出苗80 d的功能叶叶绿素a/b、光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、电子传递速率(ETR)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、PSⅡ潜在光化学活性(F_v/F₀)均在K₂处理量下达到最大值。不同施钾处理产量表现为T₂K₂>T₁K₂>T₂K₃>T₁K₃>T₂K₁>T₁K₁>T₂K₀>T₁K₀,花育9610和黑花5号产量均为K₂处理达到最高,分别为 9 428和9 968 kg/hm²,并且各施肥处理黑花5号单产均高于花育9610,增施钾肥对花生增产效果显著。

关键词: 花生; 钾肥; 光合特性; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of different potassium application rates on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of peanut under drip irrigation in the hope of providing a basis for peanut planting in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Huayu 9610 and Heihua 5 were used as experimental materials, and four potassium application treatments were set: 0 kg/hm² (K₀), 150 kg/hm² (K₁), 225 kg/hm² (K₂) and 300 kg/hm² (K₃). The effects of different potassium application rates on photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters of peanut were compared, and the effects of different potassium application rates on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of peanut under drip irrigation were explored. 【Results】 The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of Huayu 9610 and Heihua 5 were significantly increased under K₂ application, and the intercellular CO₂ concentration was decreased. Compared with K₀, they were increased by 9.67%, 60.49% and 13.53%, 14.25%, 55.97% and 15.14%, respectively. The chlorophyll content in leaves reached the peak of 2.92 mg/g and 3.01 mg/g on the 80th days after emergence, respectively. During the whole growth period, ETR, PSⅡ maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m) and PSⅡ potential photochemical activity (F_v/F_o) of Huayu 9610 and Heihua 5 reached the maximum values of 98.34,0.84 and 4.24,98.57,0.85 and 4.32 at 80 d K₂, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of K₀. The number of pods per plant, 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight and kernel rate of Huayu 9610 and Heihua 5 were higher than those without potassium fertilizer. The yield difference of different potassium treatments was K₂>K₃>K₁>K₀. In the experiment, the highest yield of Huayu 9,610 and Heihua 5 was 9,428.71 kg/hm² and 9,968.35 kg/hm², respectively, which was 33.66 % and 35.26% higher than those without fertilizer. 【Conclusion】 The chlorophyll a/b, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, electron transport rate (ETR), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (F_v/F_m) and potential photochemical activity of PSⅡ (F_v/F_o) of functional leaves of Yuhuayu 9610 and Heihua 5 on the 80 th days after emergence reach the maximum under K₂ application rate. The yields of different potassium treatments are T₂K₂>T₁K₂>T₂K₃>T₁K₃>T₂K₁> T₁K₁>T₂K₀>T₁K₀. The yield of Huayu 9610 and Heihua 5 reach the highest under K₂ treatment, reaching 9,428 kg/hm² and 9,968 kg/hm², respectively. The yield of Heihua 5 is higher than that of Huayu 9610, indicating that the increase of potassium fertilizer in Xinjiang has obvious effect on peanut yield.

Key words: peanut; potassium fertilizer; photosynthetic characteristics; production

中图分类号:

S565.2

李锁丞, 柳延涛, 董红业, 孙振博, 李紫薇, 张春媛, 王开勇, 李强, 杨明凤. 不同施钾量对滴灌花生光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 1926-1936.

LI Suocheng, LIU Yantao, DONG Hongye, SUN Zhenbo, LI Ziwei, ZHANG Chunyuan, WANG Kaiyong, LI Qiang, YANG Mingfeng. Effects of potassium nutrition on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of peanut[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(8): 1926-1936.

图/表 9

图1 不同施钾量下花生功能叶光合速率的变化注:设4个钾肥梯度:T1K0:0 kg/hm2; T1K1: 150 kg/hm2; T1K2:225 kg/hm2; T1K3: 300 kg/hm2; T2K0: 0 kg/hm2; T2K1:150 kg/hm2; T2K2:225 kg/hm2; T2K3:300 kg/hm2。T1、T2表示花生品种,分别为花育9610、黑花5号。不同字母表示具有统计学差异P<0.05,下同

Fig.1 Changes of different potassium application rates on photosynthetic rate of peanut functional leaves Note: Four different levels of potassium were set up: T1K0:0 kg/hm2; T1K1: 150 kg/hm2; T1K2:225 kg/hm2; T1K3: 300 kg/hm2; T2K0: 0 kg/hm2; T2K1:150 kg/hm2; T2K2:225 kg/hm2; T2K3:300 kg/hm2. T1 and T2 are Arachis hypogaea Linn varieties,Huayu 9610 and Heihua 5, respectively.Different lowercase letters after the same column of data indicate the significance of the difference among treatments at 5%,the same as below

图2 不同施钾量下花生功能叶气孔导度的变化

Fig.2 Changes of different potassium application rates on stomatal conductance of peanut functional leaves

图3 不同施钾量下花生功能叶胞间CO2浓度的变化

Fig.3 Changes of Different Potassium Application Rates on Intercellular CO2 in Functional Leaves of Peanut

图4 不同施钾量下花生功能叶蒸腾速率的变化

Fig.4 Changes of different potassium application rates on transpiration rate of peanut functional leaves

图5 不同施钾量下花生叶片中叶绿素a/b的变化

Fig.5 Changes of different potassium application rates on chlorophyll a/b in peanut leaves

图6 不同施钾量下花生光合电子传递速率的变化

Fig.6 Changes of different potassium application rates on electron transport rate of peanut

图7 不同施钾量下花生PSⅡ最大光化学效率的变化

Fig.7 Changes of different potassium application rates on the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ in peanut

图8 不同施钾量下花生PSⅡ潜在活性的变化

Fig.8 Changes of different potassium application rates on the potential activity of PSⅡ in peanut

表1 不同施钾量下花生产量构成因素的变化

Tab.1 Changes of different potassium application rates on yield components of peanut

品种 Varieties	处理 Treatments	单株结果数 Fruit number per plant (个)	百果重 100 fruit (g)	百仁重 100 kernels weight (g)	出仁率 Benevolent rate (%)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
花育9610 Huayu 9610	T₁K₀	24.63^c	173.30^d	70.78^d	65.78^d	7 053^d
	T₁K₁	26.3^bc	186.43^c	79.92^c	69.22^c	8 182^c
	T₁K₂	29.10^a	206.94^a	97.48^a	75.81^a	9 428^a
	T₁K₃	27.7^ab	193.15^b	90.21^b	70.91^b	8 829^b
黑花5号 Heihua 5	T₂K₀	25.80^c	174.21^c	72.75^d	65.97^c	7 369^d
	T₂K₁	26.97^c	188.27^b	81.05^c	69.85^b	8 559^c
	T₂K₂	29.87^a	214.55^a	100.99^a	76.14^a	9 968^a
	T₂K₃	28.20^b	193.91^b	88.88^b	71.24^b	9 377^b

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[30]	彭智平, 吴雪娜, 于俊红, 等. 施钾量对花生养分吸收及产量品质的影响[J]. 花生学报, 2013, 42(3): 27-31.
	PENG Zhiping, WU Xuena, YU Junhong, et al. Effects of potassium application on nutrient absorption, yield and quality of peanut[J]. Journal of Peanut Science, 2013, 42(3): 27-31.

不同施钾量对滴灌花生光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of potassium nutrition on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of peanut

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