脱叶剂对不同敏感性棉花品种生理特性的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究脱叶剂对不同敏感性棉花品种生理特性的影响以及筛选脱叶剂敏感品种的生育时期。【方法】选取2个对脱叶剂敏感性有差异的棉花品种石大5203(敏感)和153(迟钝)为材料,比较分析苗期和吐絮期喷施脱叶剂后敏感品种和迟钝品种生理特性相关的指标。【结果】棉花苗期经10 mg/L浓度脱叶处理后,石大5203和153叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、叶绿素a、总叶绿素和生长素(IAA)含量与对照(水处理)相比均明显降低,丙二醛(MDA)和脱落酸(ABA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性与对照相比均明显升高,脱叶处理使棉花叶片受到损伤、光合系统受到破坏、激素平衡被打破。与迟钝品种153相比,敏感品种石大5203中Pn、Gs、Tr、叶绿素a含量、总叶绿素含量、IAA的含量下降幅度均较大,MDA和ABA含量升高幅度均较大、SOD和POD酶活性升高幅度均较小,敏感品种5203叶片受到的损伤较大,产生了较少保护性酶SOD和POD抵抗外界的侵害,较少的IAA和较多的ABA促进叶片脱落。苗期和吐絮期喷施脱叶剂后,其2个品种间MDA、IAA和ABA含量存在显著差异,但同一品种,苗期和吐絮期喷施脱叶剂后,其生理指标变化趋势一致。【结论】苗期和吐絮期喷施脱叶剂后,其丙二醛(MDA)、生长素(IAA)和脱落酸(ABA)变化特征均可作为筛选脱叶剂敏感品种的生理指标。

关键词: 棉花; 脱叶剂; 抗氧化酶; 内源激素; 光合特性

Abstract:

【Objective】 To clarify the effects of defoliants on the physiological characteristics of cotton varieties with different sensitivities and whether the seedling stage can be used as a period for screening defoliant-sensitive varieties. 【Methods】 Two varieties with different sensitivities (Shida 5203, sensitive; 153, insensitive) to defoliants were selected as materials to compare the physiological characteristics between sensitive and insensitive varieties after spraying defoliants at both seedling and boll opening stages. 【Results】 The results showed that after defoliation treatment at a concentration of 10mg/L at the seedling stage, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, and auxin (IAA) contents of Shida 5203 and 153 leaves were significantly reduced compared to the control (water treatment), while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and abscisic acid (ABA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity were significantly increased compared to the control, defoliation treatment caused damage to cotton leaves, disruption of the photosynthetic system and hormone balance. Compared with the insensitive variety 153, the sensitive variety Shida 5203 showed a significant decrease in Pn, Gs, Tr, chlorophyll a content, total chlorophyll content and IAA content, a significant increase in MDA and ABA content and a small increase in SOD and POD enzyme activity, indicating that the sensitive variety Shida 5203 suffered greater damage on its leaves, producing fewer protective enzymes SOD and POD to resist external invasion, and less IAA and more ABA promoting leaf abscission. After spraying defoliants at the seedling stage, the trend of changes in various physiological indicators was consistent with that at the boll opening stage, and the content of MDA, IAA and ABA were significantly different between the two varieties after the spraying defoliants at both seedling and boll opening stages. 【Conclusion】 The seedling stage can be used as a period for screening defoliant-sensitive varieties, and the content of MDA, IAA and ABA after spraying defoliant can be used as physiological indicators for screening defoliant-sensitive varieties.

Key words: cotton; defoliants; antioxidant enzymes; endogenous hormones; photosynthetic characteristics

中图分类号:

S562

李永泰, 高阿香, 李艳军, 张新宇. 脱叶剂对不同敏感性棉花品种生理特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2094-2102.

LI Yongtai, GAO Axiang, LI Yanjun, ZHANG Xinyu. Effects of defoliants on the physiological characteristics of cotton varieties with different sensitivities[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(9): 2094-2102.

图/表 7

图1 不同棉花品种苗期脱叶剂敏感性的比较注:图1A为脱叶处理第3、6和9 d脱叶代表性图片,TDZ为脱叶处理,CK为水处理对照;图1B为脱叶处理第3、6和9d脱叶率统计,不同小写字母表示同一时间不同敏感性棉花品种叶片光合速率变化差异显著(P<0.05),数据为平均值±标准误

Fig.1 Comparisons of sensitivity of different cotton varieties to defoliants at seedling stage Note: Figure 1A shows representative images of leaf abscission after 3, 6, and 9 days of defoliation treatment. TDZ represents the defoliation treatment, while CK represents the water-treated control. Figure 1B presents the statistical analysis of leaf abscission rates after 3, 6, and 9 days of defoliation treatment. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the changes of photosynthetic rate among cotton varieties with different sensitivity at the same time (P<0.05), the data in the figure are presented as mean ± standard error

图2 脱叶处理下不同敏感性棉花品种苗期叶柄纵剖的变化注:箭头指示离层形成的区域,切片用甲苯胺蓝染色,比例尺为500μm

Fig.2 Changes of longitudinal section of petiole of cotton varieties with different sensitivity to defoliants after defoliation treatment at seedling stage Note: Abscission layer is indicated by the arrows. The sections were stained with toluidine blue. Scale bars are 500 μm

图3 脱叶处理下不同敏感性棉花品种苗期叶片光合速率的变化注:不同小写字母表示同一时间不同敏感性棉花品种叶片光合速率变化差异显著(P<0.05),数据为平均值±标准误,下同

Fig.3 Changes of hotosynthetic rate leaves of cotton varieties with different sensitivity to defoliants after defoliation treatment at seedling stage Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the changes of photosynthetic rate among cotton varieties with different sensitivity at the same time (P<0.05),The data in the figure are presented as mean ± standard error,the same as below

图4 脱叶处理下不同敏感性棉花品种苗期叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量的变化注:不同小写字母表示同一时间不同敏感性棉花品种叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的含量变化差异显著(P<0.05)

Fig.4 Changes of chlorophyll and carotenoid content in leaves of cotton varieties with different sensitivity to defoliants after defoliation treatment at seedling stage Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the changes of chlorophyll and carotenoid content among cotton varieties with different sensitivity at the same time (P<0.05)

图5 脱叶处理下不同敏感性品种苗期叶片抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量的变化注:不同小写字母表示同一时间不同敏感性品种叶片抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量变化差异显著(P<0.05)

Fig.5 Changes of antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde content in leaves of cotton varieties with different sensitivity to defoliants after defoliation treatment at seedling stage Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the changes of antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content among varieties with different sensitivity at the same time (P<0.05)

图6 脱叶处理下不同敏感性品种苗期叶片内源激素的含量的变化注:不同小写字母表示同一时间不同敏感性品种叶片内源激素的含量变化差异显著(P<0.05)

Fig.6 Changes of endogenous hormones content in leaves of cotton varieties with different sensitivity to defoliants after defoliation treatment at seedlings stage Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the changes of endogenous hormone content among varieties with different sensitivity at the same time (P<0.05)

图7 脱叶处理下不同敏感性品种吐絮期叶片丙二醛和内源激素含量的变化注:不同小写字母表示同一时间不同敏感性品种棉花叶片丙二醛含量的影响差异显著(P<0.05)

Fig.7 Changes of malondialdehyde content and endogenous hormone levels in leaves of cotton varieties with different sensitivity to defoliants after defoliation treatment at boll opening stage Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the impact of cotton leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) content among varieties with different sensitivity at the same time (P<0.05)

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