新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (9): 2103-2111.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.004
• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇 下一篇
张泽华(), 叶含春(), 王振华, 李文昊, 李海强, 刘健
收稿日期:
2024-03-07
出版日期:
2024-09-20
发布日期:
2024-10-09
通信作者:
叶含春(1966-),男,新疆库尔勒人,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为水资源开发利用,(E-mail)739301184@qq.com作者简介:
张泽华(1996-),男,辽宁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为干旱区水肥调控方向,(E-mail)luckyzzh2022@163.com
基金资助:
ZHANG Zehua(), YE Hanchun(), WANG Zhenhua, LI Wenhao, LI Haiqiang, LIU Jian
Received:
2024-03-07
Published:
2024-09-20
Online:
2024-10-09
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】研究滴灌棉花生长发育及产量品质对等氮配施脲酶抑制剂乙酰氧肟酸(AHA)的响应特征,为滴灌棉花高效合理的氮肥管理提供依据。【方法】以新陆早42号为材料,设置施氮量0%(U)、施氮量1%(U+UI1%)、施氮量2%(U+UI2%)和施氮量5%(U+UI5%),4种AHA添加比例进行棉花田间试验。【结果】与U处理相比,添加AHA显著提高了棉花在花期、结铃期、盛铃期的生理生长,株高、茎粗、叶面积指数(LAI)、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度总体表现为U+UI2%>U+UI1%>U+UI5%。U+UI1%、U+UI2%、U+UI5%处理的籽棉产量较U处理分别显著提高4.59%、9.18%和4.65%,且U+UI2%处理与其他处理均有显著差异(P<0.05)。不同处理棉花品质均无显著差异(P>0.05)。叶片净光合速率与棉花籽棉产量间呈最大正相关,棉花单铃重与籽棉产量呈负相关。【结论】尿素配施2%施氮量AHA的U+UI2%处理在棉花生长、生理和产量方面均表现最优,为滴灌棉花高稳定性氮素施配的最佳选择。
中图分类号:
张泽华, 叶含春, 王振华, 李文昊, 李海强, 刘健. 等氮配施脲酶抑制剂对滴灌棉花生长发育和产量及品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2103-2111.
ZHANG Zehua, YE Hanchun, WANG Zhenhua, LI Wenhao, LI Haiqiang, LIU Jian. Effects of equal nitrogen applied with urease inhibitor on cotton growth, yield, and quality under mulched drip irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(9): 2103-2111.
深度 Depth (cm) | 田间持水率 Soil field capacity (g/g) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg) | 全磷 Total phosphorus (g/kg) | 全钾 Soil total potassium (g/kg) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg) | 速效钾 Available potassium (mg/kg) | pH值 pH value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 | 18.21% | 0.80 | 0.96 | 7.6 | 33.42 | 422.13 | 7.66 |
20~40 | 18.84% | 0.91 | 0.95 | 8.7 | 28.14 | 401.89 | 7.67 |
表1 试验区土壤理化性质
Tab.1 Soil physical and chemical properties at the experimental site
深度 Depth (cm) | 田间持水率 Soil field capacity (g/g) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg) | 全磷 Total phosphorus (g/kg) | 全钾 Soil total potassium (g/kg) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg) | 速效钾 Available potassium (mg/kg) | pH值 pH value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 | 18.21% | 0.80 | 0.96 | 7.6 | 33.42 | 422.13 | 7.66 |
20~40 | 18.84% | 0.91 | 0.95 | 8.7 | 28.14 | 401.89 | 7.67 |
图4 不同处理棉花各生育期的气孔导度、净光合速率、蒸腾速率的变化
Fig.4 Changes of stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of cotton at different growth stages under different treatment
处理 Treatments | 收获株数 Number of harvesteplants (104 plant/hm2) | 单株结铃数 Number of bolls per plant | 单铃重 Boll weight (g/boll) | 衣分 Lint Percentage (%) | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
U | 23.25±0.50a | 5.54±0.13c | 5.29±0.06a | 44.61±1.27a | 5 090.15±43.69c |
U+UI1% | 23.33±0.52a | 5.74±0.05b | 5.26±0.11a | 45.42±2.52a | 5 323.75±53.25b |
U+UI2% | 23.75±0.50a | 6.08±0.10a | 5.29±0.03a | 45.56±1.20a | 5 557.23±61.42a |
U+UI5% | 23.25±0.66a | 5.81±0.07b | 5.15±0.09a | 43.61±1.45a | 5 326.60±73.76b |
表2 不同处理下棉花产量及产量构成的变化
Tab.2 Changes of cotton yield and yield components under different treatments
处理 Treatments | 收获株数 Number of harvesteplants (104 plant/hm2) | 单株结铃数 Number of bolls per plant | 单铃重 Boll weight (g/boll) | 衣分 Lint Percentage (%) | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
U | 23.25±0.50a | 5.54±0.13c | 5.29±0.06a | 44.61±1.27a | 5 090.15±43.69c |
U+UI1% | 23.33±0.52a | 5.74±0.05b | 5.26±0.11a | 45.42±2.52a | 5 323.75±53.25b |
U+UI2% | 23.75±0.50a | 6.08±0.10a | 5.29±0.03a | 45.56±1.20a | 5 557.23±61.42a |
U+UI5% | 23.25±0.66a | 5.81±0.07b | 5.15±0.09a | 43.61±1.45a | 5 326.60±73.76b |
项目 Items | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield | 净光合 速率 Pn | 单铃重 Signal Boll weight | 铃数 Number of bolls | 株高 Plant height | 地上部生物量 Above-ground biomass | 叶面积 指数 LAI | 茎粗 Stem diameter |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield | 1 | |||||||
净光合速率Pn | 0.882** | 1 | ||||||
单铃重 Signal Boll weight | -0.158 | 0.175 | 1 | |||||
铃数Number of bolls | 0.860** | 0.896** | 0.137 | 1 | ||||
株高Plant height | 0.871** | 0.798** | 0.013 | 0.845** | 1 | |||
地上部生物量 Above-ground biomas | 0.712** | 0.777** | 0.227 | 0.859** | 0.744** | 1 | ||
叶面积指数LAI | 0.603* | 0.687* | 0.041 | 0.652* | 0.415 | 0.483 | 1 | |
茎粗Stem diameter | 0.758** | 0.785** | -0.109 | 0.814** | 0.796** | 0.680* | 0.680* | 1 |
表3 棉花产量与净光合速率、单铃重、株高、铃数、叶面积、茎粗、地上部生物量之间的相关系数
Tab.3 Correlation coefficients among Seed cotton yield, Pn, Signal Boll weight, Plant height, Number of bolls, LAI, Stem diameter, Above-ground biomass
项目 Items | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield | 净光合 速率 Pn | 单铃重 Signal Boll weight | 铃数 Number of bolls | 株高 Plant height | 地上部生物量 Above-ground biomass | 叶面积 指数 LAI | 茎粗 Stem diameter |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield | 1 | |||||||
净光合速率Pn | 0.882** | 1 | ||||||
单铃重 Signal Boll weight | -0.158 | 0.175 | 1 | |||||
铃数Number of bolls | 0.860** | 0.896** | 0.137 | 1 | ||||
株高Plant height | 0.871** | 0.798** | 0.013 | 0.845** | 1 | |||
地上部生物量 Above-ground biomas | 0.712** | 0.777** | 0.227 | 0.859** | 0.744** | 1 | ||
叶面积指数LAI | 0.603* | 0.687* | 0.041 | 0.652* | 0.415 | 0.483 | 1 | |
茎粗Stem diameter | 0.758** | 0.785** | -0.109 | 0.814** | 0.796** | 0.680* | 0.680* | 1 |
处理 Treat- ments | 马克隆值 Macronaire | 整齐度 Evenness degree (%) | 断裂比强度 Fiber strength (cN/tex) | 伸长率 Elongation (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
U | 5.0±0.13a | 81.0±4.2a | 29.1±1.5a | 5.4±0.12a |
U+UI1% | 4.9±0.03a | 82.6±5.6a | 32.1±2.1a | 5.5±0.10a |
U+UI2% | 5.0±0.21a | 81.5±5.7a | 29.4±1.1a | 5.5±0.11a |
U+UI5% | 4.9±0.11a | 81.5±6.3a | 29.0±1.6a | 5.5±0.21a |
表4 不同处理棉花的纤维品质的变化
Tab.4 Changes of fiber quality of cotton under different treatments
处理 Treat- ments | 马克隆值 Macronaire | 整齐度 Evenness degree (%) | 断裂比强度 Fiber strength (cN/tex) | 伸长率 Elongation (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
U | 5.0±0.13a | 81.0±4.2a | 29.1±1.5a | 5.4±0.12a |
U+UI1% | 4.9±0.03a | 82.6±5.6a | 32.1±2.1a | 5.5±0.10a |
U+UI2% | 5.0±0.21a | 81.5±5.7a | 29.4±1.1a | 5.5±0.11a |
U+UI5% | 4.9±0.11a | 81.5±6.3a | 29.0±1.6a | 5.5±0.21a |
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