腐植酸对滴灌棉田土壤养分和棉花产量及品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究滴灌条件下不同用量腐植酸对新疆棉田土壤养分及棉花生长发育的影响,为新疆棉花生产中腐植酸的应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用田间小区试验,设置CK(0 L/hm²,不施腐植酸),T₁(腐植酸225 L/hm²),T₂(腐植酸450 L/hm²),T₃(腐植酸675 L/hm²)4个处理,分析其对棉田土壤养分、棉花生长发育、产量与品质的影响。【结果】腐植酸显著增加了土壤养分有效性,施用量675 L/hm²时土壤碱解氮含量增加了16.36%~25.66%,有效磷含量增加了23.85%~32.22%,速效钾含量增加了20.15%~29.95%,提高了棉花的光合特性,同一生育期棉花干重和单株叶面积随着腐植酸用量的增加而逐渐增加,在施用量为450 L/hm²时对提升棉花株高和茎粗的效果最佳。棉花产量分别增加了18.60%、27.44%、10.61%。提高了棉花品质,施用量450 L/hm²提高了棉花马克隆值等级。【结论】施用腐植酸提高了土壤养分有效性,增加了土壤速效养分含量,提高了棉花产量和品质,以施用量为450 L/hm²效果最佳。

关键词: 腐植酸; 土壤; 棉花; 产量; 品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effect of different dosage of humic acid on soil nutrients and cotton growth in Xinjiang cotton fields in the hope of providing scientific theoretical basis for the application of humic acid in Xinjiang cotton production. 【Methods】 The effects of CK(0 L/hm²,do not apply humic acid),T₁(Humic acid 225 L/hm²),T₂(Humic acid 450 L/hm²) and T₃(Humic acid 675 L/hm²) on soil nutrients, cotton growth, yield and quality were investigated through field plot experiment by setting four trial treatments. 【Results】 Humic acid effectively increased the availability of soil nutrients, and more binding sites were provided with the increase of humic acid dosage. When the application amount was 675 L/hm², the soil alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen content increased by 16.36%-25.66%, the available phosphorus content increased by 23.85%-32.22%, and the available potassium content increased by 20.15%-29.95%. The dry weight and leaf area of cotton increased gradually with the increase of humic acid dosage in the same growth period, and the promotion effect on plant height and stem diameter was the best when the application amount was 450 L/hm². Cotton yield increased by 18.60%, 27.44% and 10.61%, respectively. The cotton quality was improved, and the application amount of 450 L/hm² improved the cotton Micronaire grade. 【Conclusion】 Humic acid can improve the availability of soil nutrients, increase the content of soil available nutrients, promote cotton growth,application rate is 450 L/hm².

Key words: humic acid; soil; cotton; yield; quality

中图分类号:

S562
S143

陈瑞杰, 罗林毅, 阮向阳, 冶军. 腐植酸对滴灌棉田土壤养分和棉花产量及品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2112-2121.

CHEN Ruijie, LUO Linyi, RUAN Xiangyang, YE Jun. Effects of humic acid on soil nutrients, cotton yield and quality in cotton fields under drip irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(9): 2112-2121.

图/表 11

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养分 Nutrient	处理 Treatments	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	蕾铃 Squares and bolls	总积累量 Total accumulation
全氮 Total nitrogen	CK	9.71±1.93^b	66.44±6.86^b	55.76±3.21^b	131.91±7.38^b
	T₁	12.08±4.50^b	55.44±5.72^b	56.16±2.72^b	123.68±3.84^b
	T₂	17.28±5.32^ab	58.14±4.39^b	58.02±5.65^b	133.45±8.25^b
	T₃	22.10±6.56^a	85.13±8.05^a	71.83±8.44^a	179.06±4.51^a
全磷 Total phosphorus	CK	7.18±0.77^b	14.25±3.94^a	24.99±2.26^b	46.41±1.20^c
	T₁	9.71±1.40^ab	14.61±0.69^a	24.07±3.21^b	48.40±1.31^c
	T₂	15.27±3.95^a	13.99±3.71^a	27.25±7.30^ab	56.51±6.04^b
	T₃	14.11±4.52^a	19.69±5.79^a	36.71±7.93^a	70.51±6.12^a
全钾 Total potassium	CK	17.62±1.07^d	59.3±4.15^ab	15.30±1.13^c	92.21±4.78^b
	T₁	22.28±2.38^c	47.63±7.70^b	31.49±5.14^b	101.40±7.83^b
	T₂	26.29±1.04^b	56.26±9.25^ab	30.61±6.72^b	113.17±5.31^b
	T₃	31.41±1.94^a	66.56±1.16^a	40.73±1.44^a	138.71±3.79^a

养分 Nutrient	处理 Treatments	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	蕾铃 Squares and bolls	总积累量 Total accumulation
全氮 Total nitrogen	CK	9.71±1.93^b	66.44±6.86^b	55.76±3.21^b	131.91±7.38^b
	T₁	12.08±4.50^b	55.44±5.72^b	56.16±2.72^b	123.68±3.84^b
	T₂	17.28±5.32^ab	58.14±4.39^b	58.02±5.65^b	133.45±8.25^b
	T₃	22.10±6.56^a	85.13±8.05^a	71.83±8.44^a	179.06±4.51^a
全磷 Total phosphorus	CK	7.18±0.77^b	14.25±3.94^a	24.99±2.26^b	46.41±1.20^c
	T₁	9.71±1.40^ab	14.61±0.69^a	24.07±3.21^b	48.40±1.31^c
	T₂	15.27±3.95^a	13.99±3.71^a	27.25±7.30^ab	56.51±6.04^b
	T₃	14.11±4.52^a	19.69±5.79^a	36.71±7.93^a	70.51±6.12^a
全钾 Total potassium	CK	17.62±1.07^d	59.3±4.15^ab	15.30±1.13^c	92.21±4.78^b
	T₁	22.28±2.38^c	47.63±7.70^b	31.49±5.14^b	101.40±7.83^b
	T₂	26.29±1.04^b	56.26±9.25^ab	30.61±6.72^b	113.17±5.31^b
	T₃	31.41±1.94^a	66.56±1.16^a	40.73±1.44^a	138.71±3.79^a

处理 Treat- ments	净光合速率 Pn (μmol/ (m²·s))	蒸腾速率 Tr (mmol/ (m²·h))	气孔导度 Gs (mmol/ (m²·s))	胞间二氧化碳浓度 Ci (μmol/mol)
CK	10.58±1.90^c	2.01±0.22^c	71.86±13.16^b	271.21±8.48^a
T₁	13.20±1.41^b	2.02±0.38^c	74.06±7.18^b	262.77±8.88^a
T₂	15.83±0.77^ab	2.46±0.15^b	111.39±7.39^a	260.37±7.93^a
T₃	16.13±0.21^a	3.42±0.16^a	125.78±9.25^a	240.51±3.09^b

处理 Treat- ments	净光合速率 Pn (μmol/ (m²·s))	蒸腾速率 Tr (mmol/ (m²·h))	气孔导度 Gs (mmol/ (m²·s))	胞间二氧化碳浓度 Ci (μmol/mol)
CK	10.58±1.90^c	2.01±0.22^c	71.86±13.16^b	271.21±8.48^a
T₁	13.20±1.41^b	2.02±0.38^c	74.06±7.18^b	262.77±8.88^a
T₂	15.83±0.77^ab	2.46±0.15^b	111.39±7.39^a	260.37±7.93^a
T₃	16.13±0.21^a	3.42±0.16^a	125.78±9.25^a	240.51±3.09^b

处理 Treat- ments	株数 Number of plants (10⁴/hm²)	单株铃数 Boll number per plant (个)	单铃重 Single bell weight (g)	产量 Yield (Kg/hm²)
CK	16.2±4.99^a	5.00±0.52^b	4.74±0.09^b	3748±659^b
T₁	16.8±1.56^a	5.56±0.01^ab	4.76±0.08^b	4458±468^ab
T₂	16.3±1.76^a	6.14±0.38^a	5.01±0.09^a	5007±565^a
T₃	16.9±0.46^a	5.10±0.61^b	4.84±0.15^ab	4160±317^ab