盐胁迫及复水对棉花叶片生理生化和显微结构的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.10.002

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (10): 2351-2357.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.10.002

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

盐胁迫及复水对棉花叶片生理生化和显微结构的影响

赵康¹(), 程蓉蓉², 庞博¹, 张梦媛¹, 张茹¹, 王勇攀¹, 杨志宁¹, 王志³, 王红刚¹, 高文伟¹()

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.山东省第三地质矿产勘查院,山东烟台 264000
3.中国地质调查局乌鲁木齐自然资源综合调查中心,乌鲁木齐 830057

收稿日期:2024-04-06 出版日期:2024-10-20 发布日期:2024-11-07
通信作者: 高文伟(1973-),男,新疆人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向作物遗传育种,(E-mail)280594606@qq.com
作者简介:赵康(1998-),男,新疆人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物遗传育种,(E-mail)zhaokang07@yeah.net
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划子项目(2021YFD1900802-4)

Effects of salt stress and re-watering on the physiology, biochemistry and microstructure of cotton leaf structure

ZHAO Kang¹(), CHENG Rongrong², PANG Bo¹, ZHANG Mengyuan¹, ZHANG Ru¹, WANG Yongpan¹, YANG Zhining¹, WANG Zhi³, WANG Honggang¹, GAO Wenwei¹()

1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. No. 3 Exploration Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Yantai Shandong 264000, China
3. Center of Urumqi Comprehensive Survey Natural Resources, Urumqi 830057, China

Received:2024-04-06 Published:2024-10-20 Online:2024-11-07
Correspondence author: GAO Wenwei (1973-), male, from Xinjiang, Professor, Ph.D., Master/Doctoral' s supervisor instructor, research direction:crop genetics and breeding, (E-mail) 280594606@qq.com
Supported by:
National key research and development plan sub-project(2021YFD1900802-4)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究棉花苗期响应盐胁迫的应答机制,为棉花耐盐品种筛选提供依据。【方法】 对耐盐型棉花和敏感型棉花三叶期幼苗进行200 mM NaCl胁迫处理,观察NaCl处理下0、48 h和复水48 h的棉花叶片显微结构并分析生理生化指标。【结果】 耐盐型和敏感型棉花幼苗在NaCl胁迫0~48 h叶片和茎秆逐渐软化,敏感型幼苗在NaCl处理下子叶枯萎并凋落,真叶叶缘轻微焦化。NaCl处理下,棉花叶片丙二醛浓度显著升高,叶绿素含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性均显著降低。经复水处理,耐盐型和敏感型棉花均得到一定的恢复,丙二醛浓度降低,而叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性和过氧化物酶活性均升高。盐胁迫条件下,耐盐型和敏感型的棉花叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度和海绵组织厚度均下降,且敏感型材料SS型下降幅度较大,与正常条件下差异显著,但2个材料在复水后均有所恢复,且耐盐型材料恢复更好。【结论】 NaCl处理48 h不仅对棉花的生理生化水平有影响,还诱导细胞和组织发生结构性的改变,复水能有效缓解盐胁迫下棉花的生理生化水平。耐盐型棉花材料比敏感型材料具有更强的耐盐性和复水后恢复更快。

关键词: 棉花; 耐盐性; 生理生化; 显微结构; 复水

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the response mechanism of cotton seedlings in response to salt stress, and to provide experimental basis for the screening of salt-tolerant varieties of cotton. 【Methods】 Salt-tolerant and sensitive cotton seedlings were treated with 200 mM NaCl at the three-leaf stage, and the microstructures of cotton leaves were observed, and physiological and biochemical indexes were analyzed at 0, 48 h and 48 h of re-watering under NaCl treatment. 【Results】 Salt-tolerant and sensitive seedlings gradually softened their leaves and stalks under NaCl stress from 0-48 h. Sensitive seedlings withered and faded their cotyledons and slightly scorched the margins of the true leaves under NaCl treatment. The malondialdehyde concentration of cotton leaves was significantly elevated, and the chlorophyll content and the activity of superoxide dismutase were significantly reduced under NaCl treatment. After re-watering, both salt-tolerant and sensitive types were somewhat restored, malondialdehyde concentration was reduced, and chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase activity and peroxidase activity were increased.Under salt stress conditions, leaf thickness, fenestrated tissue thickness and spongy tissue thickness of salt-tolerant and sensitive types decreased, and the SS type of sensitive material decreased more, and the difference was significant compared with normal conditions, but both materials recovered after re-watering, and the salt-tolerant material recovered better. 【Conclusion】 NaCl treatment for 48 h not only has an effect on the physiological and biochemical levels of cotton, but also induces the cellular activity of superoxide dismutase and oxidase activity. levels, but also induces structural changes in cells and tissues, and re-watering can effectively alleviate the physiological and biochemical levels of cotton under salt stress. Salt-tolerant materials have stronger salt tolerance and faster recovery after re-watering than sensitive materials.

Key words: cotton; salt tolerance; physiology and biochemistry; microstructure; re-watering

中图分类号:

S562

赵康, 程蓉蓉, 庞博, 张梦媛, 张茹, 王勇攀, 杨志宁, 王志, 王红刚, 高文伟. 盐胁迫及复水对棉花叶片生理生化和显微结构的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(10): 2351-2357.

ZHAO Kang, CHENG Rongrong, PANG Bo, ZHANG Mengyuan, ZHANG Ru, WANG Yongpan, YANG Zhining, WANG Zhi, WANG Honggang, GAO Wenwei. Effects of salt stress and re-watering on the physiology, biochemistry and microstructure of cotton leaf structure[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(10): 2351-2357.

图/表 4

图1 盐胁迫下棉花幼苗不同时间段的生长变化

Fig.1 Changes of growth of cotton seedlings in response to salt stress at different time periods

图2 棉花幼苗盐胁迫和复水后的生理响应注:相同的字母表示处理间差异不显著,字母相同表示差异显著(P<0.05,LSD 法)

Fig.2 Physiological response of cotton seedlings to salt stress and re-watering Note: The same letter means no significant difference between treatments, and the same letter means significant difference (P< 0.05, LSD method)

图3 盐胁迫和复水后的棉花叶片显微结构注:Up:上表皮;Pt:栅栏组织;ST型:海绵组织;Le:下表皮

Fig.3 Cotton leaf micro structure after salt stress and re-watering Notes:Up: Upper epidermis; Pt: Palisade tissue; st: Spongy tissue; Le: Lower epidermis

表1 盐胁迫下及复水后棉花幼苗叶表皮结构变化

Tab.1 Changes of leaf epidermis structure of cotton seedlings under salt stress and after re-watering

品种 Varieties	处理 Treatments	叶片厚度 Thickness of leaf (μm)	栅栏组织厚度 Thickness of palisade tissue (μm)	海绵组织厚度 Thickness of spongy tissue (μm)	上表皮厚度 Thickness of upper epidermis (μm)	下表皮厚度 Thickness of lower epidermis (μm)
ST型 ST Type	CK	246.38±4.07^a	86.00±2.94^a	108.99±2.94^ab	28.54±4.06^ab	21.87±2.71^a
	NaCl	206.54±25.05^ab	88.87±12.92^ab	88.87±12.92^abc	25.77±2.18^a	18.62±1.74^abc
	RW	248.67±56.35^a	112.71±37.92^a	112.71±37.92^a	29.19±2.04^a	16.21±2.90^c
SS型 SS Type	CK	247.17±23.64^a	111.30±15.61^a	111.30±15.61^a	25.19±4.31^b	20.66±1.24^ab
	NaCl	167.01±31.27^b	65.55±11.22^b	65.55±11.22^bc	25.58±1.06^ab	18.27±2.12^abc
	RW	176.47±11.23^b	75.09±6.78^b	75.09±6.78^c	25.60±7,77^ab	16.66±1.94^bc

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盐胁迫及复水对棉花叶片生理生化和显微结构的影响

Effects of salt stress and re-watering on the physiology, biochemistry and microstructure of cotton leaf structure

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