不同时期干旱胁迫对谷子产量及干物质积累的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.10.006

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (10): 2388-2395.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.10.006

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

不同时期干旱胁迫对谷子产量及干物质积累的影响

邵疆¹(), 赵云², 胡相伟², 刘杰¹, 纳斯如拉·克热木³, 石书兵¹(), 冯国郡¹()

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.新疆农业科学院奇台麦类试验站,新疆奇台 831800

收稿日期:2024-04-16 出版日期:2024-10-20 发布日期:2024-11-07
通信作者: 石书兵(1966-),男,山东商河人,教授,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail)ssb@xjau.edu.cn;
冯国郡(1970-),女,新疆奇台人,研究员,博士,研究方向为杂粮育种与栽培,(E-mail)fengguojxj@126.com
作者简介:邵疆(2000-),男,新疆伊犁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物学,(E-mail)1548713605@qq.com
基金资助:
国家谷子高粱产业技术体系乌鲁木齐综合试验站(CARS-06-14.5-B30);国家自然科学基金地区项目(3206150401);新疆农业科学院农业科技创新稳定支持专项(xjnkywdzc-2023001)

Effects of drought stress on foxtail millet yield and dry matter accumulation in different periods

SHAO Jiang¹(), ZHAO Yun², HU Xiangwei², LIU Jie¹, Nasirula Keremu³, SHI Shubing¹(), FENG Guojun¹()

1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830000, China
2. Institute of Food Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China
3. Qitai Triticeae Crops Experimental Station, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qitai Xinjiang 831800, China

Received:2024-04-16 Published:2024-10-20 Online:2024-11-07
Correspondence author: SHI Shubing (1966-), male, from Shanghe, Shandong, professor, master's/doctoral supervisor, research direction: high-yield wheat cultivation, (E-mail)ssb@xjau.edu.cn;
FENG Guojun (1970-), female, from Qitai, Xinjiang, researcher, Ph.D.,research direction: the breeding and cultivation of miscellaneous grains, (E-mail)fengguojxj@126.com
Supported by:
Urumqi Comprehensive Test Station of National Millet Sorghum Industrial Technology System(CARS-06-14.5-B30);National Natural Science Foundation of China(3206150401);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation and Stability Support Special Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(xjnkywdzc-2023001)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究干旱胁迫下谷子不同生长时期生长发育及干物质积累间的关系,阐明干旱胁迫对谷子生长发育及产量的影响。【方法】 以新引3个粮用谷子品种为材料,通过人工控制水分灌溉量,于谷子不同生育时期进行旱胁迫处理,探究不同时期旱胁迫谷子生长发育及产量性状的变化规律。【结果】 (1)抽穗期干旱胁迫对谷子农艺性状的影响显著,其中济07607株高下降10.2%,嫩选10号株高和穗长分别下降了10.9%和16.0%,保谷22穗长和茎基粗分别下降了22.8%和14.6%。(2)抽穗期干旱胁迫对谷子SPAD值、叶面积和干物质积累影响显著。(3)抽穗期干旱对植株生长发育及产量的影响显著,产量分别较对照降低19.6%、37.5%和18.4%。灌水量与地上部干质量、生物量和产量在0.001水平显著正相关。(4)不同粮用谷子品种的抗旱性表现为保谷22>济07607>嫩选10号。【结论】 抽穗期是谷子干旱胁迫敏感时期,栽培中应保证抽穗期谷子充足的土壤水分,以保证谷子产量的增加。

关键词: 干旱胁迫; 谷子; 农艺性状; 干物质积累; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this project is to study the relationship between the growth and development of millet and dry matter accumulation under drought stress in different growth stages and to elucidate the effects of drought stress on the growth and yield of millet. 【Methods】 Three newly introduced millet varieties (lines) were used as experimental materials, and the water irrigation amount was artificially controlled, and drought stress treatment was carried out at different growth stages of millet to explore the changes of millet growth and yield traits under drought stress at different stages. 【Results】 (1) Drought stress had a significant effect on the agronomic traits of millet at heading stage, among which the plant height of 07607 decreased by 10.2%, the plant height and spike length of Nenxuan No. 10 decreased by 10.9% and 16.0%, respectively, and the spike length and stem base diameter of Baogu 22 decreased by 22.8% and 14.6%, respectively. (2) Drought stress at heading stage had significant effects on SPAD value, leaf area and dry matter accumulation of millet. (3) Drought at heading stage had a significant effect on plant growth and yield, and the yield was 19.6%, 37.5% and 18.4% lower than that of the control, respectively.Irrigation amount was significantly positively correlated with aboveground dry weight, biomass and yield at 0.001 level. (4) The drought resistance of different grain millet varieties (lines) was Baogu 22 > Ji 07607 > Nenxuan 10. 【Conclusion】 The heading stage is a sensitive period for millet to drought stress, and sufficient soil moisture should be ensured during this stage to ensure the increase of millet yield.

Key words: drought stress; foxtail millet; agronomic traits; dry matter accumulation; yield

中图分类号:

S515

邵疆, 赵云, 胡相伟, 刘杰, 纳斯如拉·克热木, 石书兵, 冯国郡. 不同时期干旱胁迫对谷子产量及干物质积累的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(10): 2388-2395.

SHAO Jiang, ZHAO Yun, HU Xiangwei, LIU Jie, Nasirula Keremu, SHI Shubing, FENG Guojun. Effects of drought stress on foxtail millet yield and dry matter accumulation in different periods[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(10): 2388-2395.

图/表 7

参考文献 11

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年份 Year	品种 Varieties	处理 Treatments	农艺性状Agronomic traits
年份 Year	品种 Varieties	处理 Treatments	株高 Plant height	穗长 Spike length	穗粗 Spike thickness	茎基粗 The stem base is thick	主茎节数 Number of nodes in the main stem
2022	济07607	CK	169.70^a	25.80^a	30.26^b	8.26^b	14.50^a
		Q1	137.60^c	26.50^a	27.59^b	11.07^a	11.90^b
		Q2	152.40^b	27.35^a	33.76^a	10.09^a	11.80^b
	嫩选10号	CK	160.10^a	23.30^a	24.95^a	6.74^a	12.30^a
		Q1	147.50^b	23.50^a	22.63^a	7.91^a	9.00^b
		Q2	158.70^a	24.85^a	25.12^a	8.16^a	9.90^b
	保谷22	CK	145.00^a	24.50^a	26.02^a	7.902^b	14.00^a
		Q1	122.90^b	25.00^a	27.67^a	9.35^a	9.40^c
		Q2	121.40^b	24.65^a	26.48^a	8.88^ab	11.80^b
2023	济07607	CK	146.44^a	21.76^a	24.54^b	8.49^a	12.50^a
		Q1	145.70^a	24.48^a	24.29^b	8.94^a	13.80^a
		Q2	145.00^a	23.08^a	33.63^a	7.83^a	12.60^a
	嫩选10号	CK	149.71^a	23.90^a	18.93^b	5.37^b	9.90^b
		Q1	141.20^b	22.65^ab	19.24^b	6.73^a	11.00^a
		Q2	133.40^b	20.07^b	22.72^a	5.46^b	9.40^b
	保谷22	CK	131.80^ab	22.41^a	23.66^a	9.20^a	12.00^b
		Q1	135.30^a	21.95^a	22.71^a	8.01^ab	13.60^a
		Q2	121.40^b	17.31^b	24.59^a	7.86^b	12.30^b

年份 Year	品种 Varieties	处理 Treatments	农艺性状Agronomic traits
年份 Year	品种 Varieties	处理 Treatments	株高 Plant height	穗长 Spike length	穗粗 Spike thickness	茎基粗 The stem base is thick	主茎节数 Number of nodes in the main stem
2022	济07607	CK	169.70^a	25.80^a	30.26^b	8.26^b	14.50^a
		Q1	137.60^c	26.50^a	27.59^b	11.07^a	11.90^b
		Q2	152.40^b	27.35^a	33.76^a	10.09^a	11.80^b
	嫩选10号	CK	160.10^a	23.30^a	24.95^a	6.74^a	12.30^a
		Q1	147.50^b	23.50^a	22.63^a	7.91^a	9.00^b
		Q2	158.70^a	24.85^a	25.12^a	8.16^a	9.90^b
	保谷22	CK	145.00^a	24.50^a	26.02^a	7.902^b	14.00^a
		Q1	122.90^b	25.00^a	27.67^a	9.35^a	9.40^c
		Q2	121.40^b	24.65^a	26.48^a	8.88^ab	11.80^b
2023	济07607	CK	146.44^a	21.76^a	24.54^b	8.49^a	12.50^a
		Q1	145.70^a	24.48^a	24.29^b	8.94^a	13.80^a
		Q2	145.00^a	23.08^a	33.63^a	7.83^a	12.60^a
	嫩选10号	CK	149.71^a	23.90^a	18.93^b	5.37^b	9.90^b
		Q1	141.20^b	22.65^ab	19.24^b	6.73^a	11.00^a
		Q2	133.40^b	20.07^b	22.72^a	5.46^b	9.40^b
	保谷22	CK	131.80^ab	22.41^a	23.66^a	9.20^a	12.00^b
		Q1	135.30^a	21.95^a	22.71^a	8.01^ab	13.60^a
		Q2	121.40^b	17.31^b	24.59^a	7.86^b	12.30^b

年份 Year	品种 Varieties	处理 Treat- ments	部位Place
年份 Year	品种 Varieties	处理 Treat- ments	叶 leaf	茎 stem	穗 spike
2022	济07607	CK	54.05^a	59.25^ab	57.85^b
		Q1	46.35^b	62.75^a	62.50^a
		Q2	44.95^b	34.60^b	56.15^b
	嫩选10号	CK	62.15^a	84.00^a	76.30^a
		Q1	52.9^a0b	86.45^a	71.40^a
		Q2	49.45^b	66.00^b	60.00^b
	保谷22	CK	61.60^a	70.00^a	118.55^a
		Q1	57.90^a	62.15^ab	106.75^a
		Q2	43.25^b	46.70^b	75.05^b
2023	济07607	CK	54.80^a	70.20^a	109.70^a
		Q1	44.45^b	51.75^b	51.75^b
		Q2	55.85^a	53.85^b	43.1^b
	嫩选10号	CK	28.35^a	35.25^a	43.85^b
		Q1	32.25^a	38.75^a	61.45^a
		Q2	29.759^a	34.4^a	42.45^b
	保谷22	CK	42.75^ab	65.9^b	84.45^a
		Q1	48.9^a	78.8^a	74.6^b
		Q2	38.55^b	47.85^c	73.9^b

年份 Year	品种 Varieties	处理 Treat- ments	部位Place
年份 Year	品种 Varieties	处理 Treat- ments	叶 leaf	茎 stem	穗 spike
2022	济07607	CK	54.05^a	59.25^ab	57.85^b
		Q1	46.35^b	62.75^a	62.50^a
		Q2	44.95^b	34.60^b	56.15^b
	嫩选10号	CK	62.15^a	84.00^a	76.30^a
		Q1	52.9^a0b	86.45^a	71.40^a
		Q2	49.45^b	66.00^b	60.00^b
	保谷22	CK	61.60^a	70.00^a	118.55^a
		Q1	57.90^a	62.15^ab	106.75^a
		Q2	43.25^b	46.70^b	75.05^b
2023	济07607	CK	54.80^a	70.20^a	109.70^a
		Q1	44.45^b	51.75^b	51.75^b
		Q2	55.85^a	53.85^b	43.1^b
	嫩选10号	CK	28.35^a	35.25^a	43.85^b
		Q1	32.25^a	38.75^a	61.45^a
		Q2	29.759^a	34.4^a	42.45^b
	保谷22	CK	42.75^ab	65.9^b	84.45^a
		Q1	48.9^a	78.8^a	74.6^b
		Q2	38.55^b	47.85^c	73.9^b

年份 Year	品种 Varieties	处理 Treatments	单穗粒重 Grain weight per spike(kg)	单穗重 Single spike weight(kg)	千粒重 1000-grain weight(g)	出谷率 Valley rate (%)
2022	济07607	CK	0.18^a	0.22^ab	3.05^a	77.05^a
		Q1	0.16^ab	0.19^b	2.98^a	76.65^a
		Q2	0.14^b	0.24^a	2.46^b	79.47^a
	嫩选10号	CK	0.11^a	0.13^a	2.81^a	83.35^a
		Q1	0.10^a	0.11^a	2.97^a	77.98^a
		Q2	0.08^a	0.12^a	2.89^a	79.08^a
	保谷22	CK	0.15^a	0.19^a	2.94^a	78.00^b
		Q1	0.13^a	0.14^b	2.62^b	78.52^b
		Q2	0.12^a	0.14^b	2.77^ab	81.10^a
2023	济07607	CK	0.20^a	0.43^a	3.11^a	78.11^a
		Q1	0.15^a	0.18^c	3.29^a	75.47^a
		Q2	0.14^a	0.27^b	3.12^a	81.82^a
	嫩选10号	CK	0.11^a	0.13^a	3.72^a	78.7^a
		Q1	0.10^a	0.11^a	3.52^ab	75.01^a
		Q2	0.09^a	0.10^a	3.35^b	77.03^a
	保谷22	CK	0.13^a	0.17^a	2.10^c	72.85^a
		Q1	0.10^a	0.09^a	2.78^a	80.04^a
		Q2	0.09^a	0.13^a	2.47^b	73.67^a

不同时期干旱胁迫对谷子产量及干物质积累的影响

Effects of drought stress on foxtail millet yield and dry matter accumulation in different periods

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Metrics

年份 Year	项目 Items	株高 Plant height	穗长 Spike length	穗粗 Spike thickness	干物质 Dry matter	SPAD值 SPAD value	叶面积 Leaf area	单穗粒重 Grain weight per spike	单穗重 Single spike weight	千粒重 1000- grain weight
2022	穗长	0.756^**	1
	穗粗	0.570^**	0.495^**	1
	干物质	0.345	0.362^*	0.338	1
	SPAD值	0.565^**	0.501^**	0.192	0.117	1
	叶面积	0.291	0.184	0.167	0.184	0.227	1
	单穗粒重	0.334	0.338	0.424^*	0.426^*	0.129	0.309	1
	单穗重	0.391^*	0.437^*	0.527^**	0.370^*	0.235	0.269	0.896^**	1
	千粒重	0.482^**	0.735^**	0.119	-0.032	0.521^**	0.183	0.143	0.207	1
	产量	0.21	-0.057	0.236	0.103	-0.302	-0.014	0.118	-0.011	-0.292
2023	穗长	0.505^**	1
	穗粗	-0.083	0.288^**	1
	干物质	-0.278	-0.129	0.06	1
	SPAD值	0.033	0.014	-0.018	-0.052	1
	叶面积	0.059	-0.074	0.342^**	0.028	0.055	1
	单穗粒重	-0.4	-0.163	0.191	0.174	-0.092	-0.155	1
	单穗重	-0.252	-0.116	0.185	0.113	-0.058	-0.039	0.952^**	1
	千粒重	0.089	0.139	0.625^**	0.15	0.193	0.226	0.076	0.142	1
	产量	0.146	-0.464	0.038	0.559^*	-0.041	0.392	-0.02	-0.11	0.451

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