叶面喷施硒肥对3种葡萄果实硒含量及品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.10.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究硒肥浓度和施用时期对葡萄果实硒含量和综合品质的影响,为富硒葡萄的生产和硒肥的合理施用提供理论依据。【方法】 采用大田试验,以克瑞森无核(小粒)、克瑞森无核(大粒)、阳光玫瑰为材料,分析叶面喷施纳米硒肥对3种葡萄品质和硒含量的影响。【结果】 3种葡萄果实总硒含量均随施硒量的增加而升高;在一定施硒浓度下,大幼果期喷施硒肥3种葡萄果实总硒含量达到最大值。其中,阳光玫瑰在不同施硒浓度和施用时期吸收富集硒能力优于克瑞森无核(小粒)和克瑞森无核(大粒),在大幼果期阳光玫瑰硒含量最高为0.176 mg/kg。叶面硒肥通过影响3种葡萄的可溶性固形物、总酸、总糖和原花青素含量从而改善果实品质,但对外观指标及白藜芦醇苷含量影响不显著。【结论】 3种葡萄最适喷施时期为大幼果期,最适叶喷浓度为9.15 L/hm²。

关键词: 鲜食葡萄; 纳米硒肥; 葡萄品种; 果实品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To discuss the effects of selenium fertilizer concentration and application period on selenium content and comprehensive quality of grape berry in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the production of selenium-rich grapes and the rational application of selenium fertilizer. 【Methods】 Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of foliar spraying of nano-selenium fertilizer on the quality and selenium content of three cultivars of grapes, using Creessen Seedless (small grain), Creessen Seedless (large grain) and Shine Muscat as materials. 【Results】 The total selenium content of three grape berry increased with the increase of selenium application; At a certain concentration of selenium application, the total selenium content of the three grape berry sprayed with selenium fertilizer in the big and young fruit stage reached the maximum. Among them, Shine Muscat had better ability to absorb and enrich selenium at different selenium concentrations and application period than Creessen Seedless (small grain) and Creessen Seedless (large grain), and the highest selenium content was 0.176 mg/kg at the large and young fruit stage. Leaf selenium fertilizer could improve the fruit quality by affecting the contents of soluble solids, total acid, total sugar, and proanthocyanidins of three kinds of grapes, but it had no significant effect on the appearance index and the content of resveratrol glycosides. 【Conclusion】 It is recommended that the most suitable spraying period of the three grape varieties is the big and young fruit stage, and the best spraying concentration on leaves is 9.15 L/hm².

Key words: fresh grape; selenium nano-fertilizer; grape species; fruit quality

张金荣, 卢士玲, 罗瑞峰, 马小宁, 王国栋. 叶面喷施硒肥对3种葡萄果实硒含量及品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(10): 2417-2426.

ZHANG Jinrong, LU Shiling, LUO Ruifeng, MA Xiaoning, WANG Guodong. Effect of spraying foliar selenium on selenium content and quality of three cultivars of grape fruit[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(10): 2417-2426.

图/表 10

参考文献 30

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处理 Treatments	品种Species
处理 Treatments	克瑞森无核 (小粒) Creessen Seedless (small grains)	克瑞森无核 (大粒) Creessen Seedless (large grains)	阳光玫瑰 Shine Muscat
CK	0.001±0.001^e	0.000±0.000^e	0.001±0.001^e
4.65 (L/hm²)	0.007±0.002^d	0.004±0.001^d	0.008±0.000^d
9.15 (L/hm²)	0.017±0.001^c	0.014±0.000^c	0.016±0.001^c
13.80 (L/hm²)	0.029±0.001^b	0.028±0.002^b	0.032±0.001^b
18.30 (L/hm²)	0.035±0.001^a	0.031±0.001^a	0.054±0.002^a
小幼果期 Small fruit stage	0.016±0.001^d	0.018±0.001^d	0.034±0.001^c
大幼果期 Large fruit stage	0.098±0.002^a	0.087±0.005^a	0.176±0.006^a
转色期 Color change stage	0.044±0.003^c	0.065±0.003^b	0.081±0.002^b
成熟前期 Early ripening stage	0.074±0.002^b	0.051±0.003^c	0.037±0.001^c

处理 Treatments	品种Species
处理 Treatments	克瑞森无核 (小粒) Creessen Seedless (small grains)	克瑞森无核 (大粒) Creessen Seedless (large grains)	阳光玫瑰 Shine Muscat
CK	0.001±0.001^e	0.000±0.000^e	0.001±0.001^e
4.65 (L/hm²)	0.007±0.002^d	0.004±0.001^d	0.008±0.000^d
9.15 (L/hm²)	0.017±0.001^c	0.014±0.000^c	0.016±0.001^c
13.80 (L/hm²)	0.029±0.001^b	0.028±0.002^b	0.032±0.001^b
18.30 (L/hm²)	0.035±0.001^a	0.031±0.001^a	0.054±0.002^a
小幼果期 Small fruit stage	0.016±0.001^d	0.018±0.001^d	0.034±0.001^c
大幼果期 Large fruit stage	0.098±0.002^a	0.087±0.005^a	0.176±0.006^a
转色期 Color change stage	0.044±0.003^c	0.065±0.003^b	0.081±0.002^b
成熟前期 Early ripening stage	0.074±0.002^b	0.051±0.003^c	0.037±0.001^c

品种 Species	施硒梯度 Application of selenium gradient (L/hm²)	单果重 Single fruit weight(g)	果形指数 Fruit shape index	硬度 Hardness (cm²/kg)
克瑞森无核(小粒) Creessen Seedless (small grains)	CK	3.70±0.46^a	1.38±0.10^ab	0.95±0.17^ab
	4.65	4.10±0.60^a	1.35±0.10^ab	0.97±0.10^ab
	9.15	4.03±0.45^a	1.29±0.12^b	0.86±0.09^b
	13.80	3.83±0.35^a	1.41±0.11^a	1.09±0.17^a
	18.30	4.10±0.20^a	1.45±0.14^a	0.98±0.19^ab
克瑞森无核(大粒) Creessen Seedless (large grains)	CK	6.80±0.56^a	1.22±0.13^b	0.69±0.13^c
	4.65	5.90±0.56^ab	1.29±0.07^b	0.81±0.09^ab
	9.15	6.10±0.56^ab	1.28±0.05^b	0.74±0.14^bc
	13.80	6.90±0.66^a	1.30±0.16^b	0.88±0.10^a
	18.30	5.83±0.25^ab	1.52±0.15^a	0.69±0.19^c
阳光玫瑰 Shine Muscat	CK	6.60±0.72^a	1.18±0.04^a	0.58±0.04^b
	4.65	6.43±0.76^a	1.12±0.10^a	0.77±0.11^a
	9.15	6.87±0.40^a	1.15±0.06^a	0.62±0.04^b
	13.80	7.10±0.62^a	1.12±0.08^a	0.83±0.15^a
	18.30	6.93±0.12^a	1.09±0.06^a	0.66±0.10^b

品种 Species	施硒梯度 Application of selenium gradient (L/hm²)	单果重 Single fruit weight(g)	果形指数 Fruit shape index	硬度 Hardness (cm²/kg)
克瑞森无核(小粒) Creessen Seedless (small grains)	CK	3.70±0.46^a	1.38±0.10^ab	0.95±0.17^ab
	4.65	4.10±0.60^a	1.35±0.10^ab	0.97±0.10^ab
	9.15	4.03±0.45^a	1.29±0.12^b	0.86±0.09^b
	13.80	3.83±0.35^a	1.41±0.11^a	1.09±0.17^a
	18.30	4.10±0.20^a	1.45±0.14^a	0.98±0.19^ab
克瑞森无核(大粒) Creessen Seedless (large grains)	CK	6.80±0.56^a	1.22±0.13^b	0.69±0.13^c
	4.65	5.90±0.56^ab	1.29±0.07^b	0.81±0.09^ab
	9.15	6.10±0.56^ab	1.28±0.05^b	0.74±0.14^bc
	13.80	6.90±0.66^a	1.30±0.16^b	0.88±0.10^a
	18.30	5.83±0.25^ab	1.52±0.15^a	0.69±0.19^c
阳光玫瑰 Shine Muscat	CK	6.60±0.72^a	1.18±0.04^a	0.58±0.04^b
	4.65	6.43±0.76^a	1.12±0.10^a	0.77±0.11^a
	9.15	6.87±0.40^a	1.15±0.06^a	0.62±0.04^b
	13.80	7.10±0.62^a	1.12±0.08^a	0.83±0.15^a
	18.30	6.93±0.12^a	1.09±0.06^a	0.66±0.10^b

品种 Species	施硒时期 Selenium application period	单果重 Single fruit weight(g)	果形指数 Fruit shape index	硬度 Hardness (cm²/kg)
克瑞森无核(小粒) Creessen Seedless (small grains)	CK	3.70±0.46^b	1.38±0.10^b	0.95±0.17^a
	小幼果期	4.03±0.65^ab	1.26±0.05^c	0.73±0.16^c
	大幼果期	4.27±0.47^ab	1.32±0.10^bc	0.85±0.15^b
	转色期	4.63±0.35^a	1.41±0.10^a	1.06±0.11^a
	成熟前期	3.67±0.15^b	1.33±0.10^bc	0.99±0.15^a
克瑞森无核(大粒) Creessen Seedless (large grains)	CK	6.80±0.56^a	1.22±0.13^b	0.69±0.13^b
	小幼果期	5.33±0.50^c	1.25±0.10^b	0.78±0.15^ab
	大幼果期	6.43±0.51^b	1.40±0.12^a	0.81±0.13^ab
	转色期	7.00±0.46^a	1.37±0.09^a	0.87±0.15^a
	成熟前期	6.63±0.57^ab	1.39±0.06^a	0.77±0.08^ab
阳光玫瑰 Shine Muscat	CK	6.60±0.72^a	1.18±0.04^a	0.58±0.04^c
	小幼果期	6.73±0.61^a	1.21±0.08^a	0.80±0.10^a
	大幼果期	6.60±0.44^a	1.23±0.05^a	0.70±0.09^b
	转色期	6.07±0.80^a	1.18±0.06^a	0.66±0.04^b
	成熟前期	6.70±0.36^a	1.18±0.08^a	0.70±0.06^b