水肥耦合对主干型苹果树果实品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.10.013

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (10): 2458-2464.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.10.013

水肥耦合对主干型苹果树果实品质的影响

胡志伟¹(), 杨娜¹, 汤智辉², 支金虎¹, 迟春明¹()

1.塔里木大学农学院/塔里木大学南疆绿洲农业资源与环境研究中心/兵团环塔里木生态农业协同创新中心,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.新疆农垦科学院机械装备研究所,新疆石河子 830049

收稿日期:2024-02-15 出版日期:2024-10-20 发布日期:2024-11-07
通信作者: 迟春明(1978-),男,吉林辽源人,教授,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为土壤水肥高效利用,(E-mail)chichunming@126.com
作者简介:胡志伟(2000-),男,新疆昌吉人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤水肥高效利用,(E-mail)1013148386@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆生产建设兵团重大科技计划项目“果园主干结果型栽培技术与主要生产环节机械化技术研发与应用”(2021AA005);塔里木大学校长基金创新团队项目“水肥高效利用创新研究团队”(TDZKCX202301)

Effects of water and fertilizer coupling application on the fruit quality of main trunk apple trees

HU Zhiwei¹(), YANG Na¹, TANG Zhihui², ZHI Jinhu¹, CHI Chunming¹()

1. College of Agriculture, Tarim University/Southern Xinjiang Oasis Agricultural Resources and Environment Research Center, Tarim University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Eco-agriculture around Tarim, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China
2. Mechanical Equipment Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agri-Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi Xinjiang 830049, China

Received:2024-02-15 Published:2024-10-20 Online:2024-11-07
Correspondence author: CHI Chunming (1978-), male, from Liaoyuan, Jilin, doctor, master supervisor, research direction: the efficient utilization of soil water and fertilizer,(E-mail)chichunming@126.com
Supported by:
The Major Science and Technology Program Project of XPCC "Research and Application of Main Fruit Bearing Cultivation Technology and Mechanization Technology in Main Production Links of Orchards”(2021AA005);The Tarim University President's Foundation Innovation Team Project "Innovative Research Team for Efficient Utilization of Water and Fertilizer(TDZKCX202301)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究主干型苹果树在水肥一体化模式下的最佳水肥耦合方案。【方法】 通过水肥一体化模式进行水肥耦合灌溉施肥管理,磷钾因素各设置2个水平(P₁:109.5kg/hm²,P₂:54.75 kg/hm²;K₁:199.5 kg/hm²,K₂:99.75 kg/hm²),水因素4个水平(充分灌溉W₁:5 256m³/hm²、轻度亏缺W₂:4 248 m³/hm²、中度亏缺W₃:1 050 m³/hm²、重度亏缺W₄:840 m³/hm²。采用随机区组设计,共16个处理。采用方差分析法和主成分分析法综合评价16个处理的苹果果实品质。【结果】 各处理间5个果实品质指标存在显著差异,综合得分最高处理为W₂P₁K₁,其次为W₁P₁K₁处理,最低处理为W₂P₂K₂。【结论】 7种果实品质指标简化为3种关键因子指标,建立果实品质的综合评价体系,确定16个水肥处理下果实品质综合排名前五分别为W₂P₁K₁、W₁P₁K₁、W₄P₁K₁、W₃P₁K₁和W₁P₂K₁,W₃P₂K₂处理排名最后。

关键词: 苹果; 水肥耦合; 主干型; 果实品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the optimal water and fertilizer coupling scheme of the main trunk apple trees under the integrated water fertilizer mode. 【Methods】 Field experiments with random block design of 16 treatments (two levels of phosphorus fertilizer, P₁, 109.5 kg/hm², P₂, 54.75 kg/hm²were perfprmed; two levels of potassium fertilizer, K₁, 199.5 kg/hm², K₂, 99.75 kg/hm²); and four levels of water, W₁, full irrigation, 5,256 m³/hm², W₂, mild deficit, 4,248 m³/hm², W₃, moderate deficit, 1,050 m³/hm², W₄, severe deficit, 840 m³/hm²) were conducted to investigate the response of apple fruit quality under different water and fertilizer coupling schemes. 【Results】 The results revealed that the fruit quality indexes were significantly different among the treatments.The highest comprehensive score treatment of fruit quality was W₂P₁K₁, followed by W₁P₁K₁, and the lowest treatment was W₂P₂K₂. 【Conclusion】 Principal component analysis simplified the seven fruit quality indexes into three key factors, and a comprehensive evaluation system of fruit quality was established. The top five fruit quality rankings under the 16 water and fertilizer treatments were W₂P₁K₁, W₁P₁K₁, W₄P₁K₁, W₃P₁K₁ and W₁P₂K₁, respectively.

Key words: apple; water and fertilizer coupling; trunk apple trees; fruit quality

中图分类号:

S661.1

胡志伟, 杨娜, 汤智辉, 支金虎, 迟春明. 水肥耦合对主干型苹果树果实品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(10): 2458-2464.

HU Zhiwei, YANG Na, TANG Zhihui, ZHI Jinhu, CHI Chunming. Effects of water and fertilizer coupling application on the fruit quality of main trunk apple trees[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(10): 2458-2464.

图/表 6

参考文献 20

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处理 Treatments	产量 Yield (t/hm²)	单果重 Single fruit weight(g)	肥料产出率 Fertilizer yield rate(g/g)	果形指数 Fruit shape index
W₁P₁K₁	20.58±0.82^ab	266.0±11.5^abc	40.35±1.61^ab	0.81±0.08^ab
W₁P₁K₂	14.40±2.06^def	261.5±40^abc	35.11±5.02^ab	0.78±0.01^ab
W₁P₂K₁	16.46±1.48^bcd	230.0±10^c	36.16±3.26^ab	0.78±0.01^ab
W₁P₂K₂	10.70±0.63^f	268.0±38^abc	29.33±1.77^b	0.82±0.04^ab
W₂P₁K₁	22.63±2.06^a	328.0±62^abc	44.38±4.03^a	0.75±0.01^b
W₂P₁K₂	12.35±1.23^ef	260.0±20^abc	30.09±3.01^b	0.76±0.01^b
W₂P₂K₁	16.46±0.63^bcd	233.0±20^c	35.86±1.38^ab	0.80±0.02^ab
W₂P₂K₂	10.29±2.06^f	290.0±20^abc	28.94±5.79^b	0.79±0.02^ab
W₃P₁K₁	18.52±2.06^bc	240.0±10^bc	36.31±4.03^ab	0.77±0.01^ab
W₃P₁K₂	16.46±1.78^bcd	340.0±10^ab	40.12±4.347^ab	0.78±0.03^ab
W₃P₂K₁	16.46±2.06^bcd	273.0±53^abc	36.16±4.52^ab	0.77±0.01^ab
W₃P₂K₂	10.29±2.06^f	260.0±20^abc	28.94±5.79^b	0.84±0.01^a
W₄P₁K₁	18.52±2.06^bc	311.5±58.5^abc	36.31±4.03^ab	0.82±0.02^a
W₄P₁K₂	12.35±0.54^ef	266.0±6^abc	30.09±1.33^b	0.80±0.01^ab
W₄P₂K₁	16.46±1.78^bcd	275.0±65^abc	36.06±3.91^ab	0.77±0.01^ab
W₄P₂K₂	13.37±1.03^ef	360.0±10^a	37.62±2.89^ab	0.80±0.01^ab

处理 Treatments	产量 Yield (t/hm²)	单果重 Single fruit weight(g)	肥料产出率 Fertilizer yield rate(g/g)	果形指数 Fruit shape index
W₁P₁K₁	20.58±0.82^ab	266.0±11.5^abc	40.35±1.61^ab	0.81±0.08^ab
W₁P₁K₂	14.40±2.06^def	261.5±40^abc	35.11±5.02^ab	0.78±0.01^ab
W₁P₂K₁	16.46±1.48^bcd	230.0±10^c	36.16±3.26^ab	0.78±0.01^ab
W₁P₂K₂	10.70±0.63^f	268.0±38^abc	29.33±1.77^b	0.82±0.04^ab
W₂P₁K₁	22.63±2.06^a	328.0±62^abc	44.38±4.03^a	0.75±0.01^b
W₂P₁K₂	12.35±1.23^ef	260.0±20^abc	30.09±3.01^b	0.76±0.01^b
W₂P₂K₁	16.46±0.63^bcd	233.0±20^c	35.86±1.38^ab	0.80±0.02^ab
W₂P₂K₂	10.29±2.06^f	290.0±20^abc	28.94±5.79^b	0.79±0.02^ab
W₃P₁K₁	18.52±2.06^bc	240.0±10^bc	36.31±4.03^ab	0.77±0.01^ab
W₃P₁K₂	16.46±1.78^bcd	340.0±10^ab	40.12±4.347^ab	0.78±0.03^ab
W₃P₂K₁	16.46±2.06^bcd	273.0±53^abc	36.16±4.52^ab	0.77±0.01^ab
W₃P₂K₂	10.29±2.06^f	260.0±20^abc	28.94±5.79^b	0.84±0.01^a
W₄P₁K₁	18.52±2.06^bc	311.5±58.5^abc	36.31±4.03^ab	0.82±0.02^a
W₄P₁K₂	12.35±0.54^ef	266.0±6^abc	30.09±1.33^b	0.80±0.01^ab
W₄P₂K₁	16.46±1.78^bcd	275.0±65^abc	36.06±3.91^ab	0.77±0.01^ab
W₄P₂K₂	13.37±1.03^ef	360.0±10^a	37.62±2.89^ab	0.80±0.01^ab

成分 Compo- nents	特征值 Eigen- values	方差贡献率 Variance contribution rato	方差累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rafe of variance
1	2.913	41.621	41.621
2	1.864	26.626	68.247
3	1.1	15.708	83.955

成分 Compo- nents	特征值 Eigen- values	方差贡献率 Variance contribution rato	方差累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rafe of variance
1	2.913	41.621	41.621
2	1.864	26.626	68.247
3	1.1	15.708	83.955

成分 Components	F₁	F₂	F₃
产量 Yield	0.299	0.15	-0.116
可滴定酸 Titratable acid	0.168	0.362	0.264
可溶性固形物 Soluble solids	0.2	-0.297	0.415
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	-0.28	0.205	0.245
单果重 Single fruit weight	0.025	0.364	-0.537
果形指数 Fruit shape index	-0.026	0.345	0.553
糖酸比 Rotio of sugar to acid	-0.325	-0.035	-0.011

水肥耦合对主干型苹果树果实品质的影响

Effects of water and fertilizer coupling application on the fruit quality of main trunk apple trees

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参考文献 20

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Metrics

时期 Period	施肥量 Application rate(kg/hm²)
时期 Period	K₂	N	P₁	P₂	K₁
花前期Pre flowering stage	37.5	18.75	9.375	18.75	9.375
花芽分化期Flower bud differentiation stage	73.5	36.75	18.375	54.75	27.375
果实膨大期(前)Fruit swelling period(before)	36	18	9	36	18
果实膨大期(后)Fruit swelling period(later)	36	18	9	36	18
成熟期Maturation stage	18	18	9	54	27
合计Total	201	109.5	54.75	199.5	99.75

处理 Treatments	F₁	F₂	F₃	综合得分 Compre- hensive score	综合排名 Ranking
W₁P₁K₁	0.90	0.44	0.75	0.61	2
W₁P₁K₂	-0.93	0.38	0.44	-0.22	11
W₁P₂K₁	1.37	-1.39	1.96	0.51	5
W₁P₂K₂	-1.25	2.06	2.00	0.34	6
W₂P₁K₁	1.47	1.30	-0.63	0.86	1
W₂P₁K₂	-0.40	-0.75	-0.03	-0.37	12
W₂P₂K₁	-0.07	-0.67	0.73	-0.09	8
W₂P₂K₂	-1.04	-1.15	0.27	-0.70	15
W₃P₁K₁	1.02	0.89	-0.63	0.56	4
W₃P₁K₂	0.33	-0.39	-1.44	-0.19	10
W₃P₂K₁	-0.18	-0.03	-0.39	-0.15	9
W₃P₂K₂	-1.49	-0.72	-0.33	-0.86	16
W₄P₁K₁	1.06	0.76	-0.23	0.60	3
W₄P₁K₂	-0.16	-0.79	-0.80	-0.40	13
W₄P₂K₁	0.62	-0.93	-0.32	-0.04	7
W₄P₂K₂	-1.24	0.97	-1.35	-0.47	14

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