Abstract: Objective]The study aims to establish the DNA fingerprints and throw light on the genetic diversity of the Japonica Rice in Xinjiang.[Method]The Japonica Rice of 89 varieties were used as materials to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationship by 70 SSR markers.[Result]The result showed that there were 63 pairs of primers with polymorphic fragments and 388 effective alleles were detected.Namely, each pair had 6.158,7.The average polymorphism frequency index was 0.237,1 and the genetic similarity coefficient between the 89 materials was 0.72~0.88 with high similarity.If 0.73 was taken as a standard,all materials could be divided into 5 groups,but most were in one group.[Conclusion]However,generally speaking,the genetic background comparability was high and the diversity was low.It is demonstrated that the genetic basis of the Japonica Rice in Xinjiang is narrow.Therefore,identifying and making use of the new ge-netic resources and creating breeding materials should be strengthened.

摘要： 【目的】构建新疆粳稻种质资源的DNA指纹图谱，了解新疆粳稻育成品种的遗传相似性。【方法】利用均匀分布于水稻12条染色体的70对SSR引物，以新疆粳稻育成品种及引进资源为材料，进行遗传多样性分析并构建SSR指纹图谱。【结果】有63对引物具有多态性片段，共检测到388个有效等位基因，平对每对引物6.1587个等位基因；引物平均多态性频率为0.2371。89个材料间的遗传相似系数在0.72～0.88，相似性较高，以0.73为标准，可分为5大群。【结论】新疆粳稻育成品种的遗传背景相似性较高、多样性不够丰富，遗传基础相对比较狭窄，加强新的基因资源鉴定利用及育种材料创制。