Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2018, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (12): 2242-2250.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.12.011

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Effects of Different Calcium Applications on Some Economic Characters and Yield of Peanuts

YU Bo-cheng1, XIAO Ying2, CHEN Jiang-qing3, SONG Zheng-hai4, WANG Qiao-jiang5, SONG Xin-tang6, ZHANG Zhi-meng6   

  1. 1.Reseach Institute of Industrial Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091 China; 2, Research Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;
    3. Agricultural Technology Extension Centre of Shanping Farm of XPCC,Urumqi 830032, China;
    4. Xinjiang Beihe Peanut Plangting Professional Cooperative; Karamay Xinjiang 834000, China;
    5. Xinjiang Tianying Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shawan Xinjang 832100, China;
    6. Peanut Research Institute of Shangdong Province, Qingdao , Shangdong 266100, China
  • Received:2018-09-02 Published:2019-04-18
  • Correspondence author: ZHANG Zhi-meng(1963-),male,professor,(E-mail)qinhdao@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Autonomous regions nonprofit research institutes Fundamental Research funding （KY2017076）; The National Natural Science Foundation of China“Study of physiological mechanisms and regulation technologies of early maturity and high-yielding on planting spring wheat in winter in north Xinjiang”(31760364)

不同施钙方式对花生部分经济性状与单株产量的影响

于伯成1,肖英2,陈江青3,宋征海4,王桥江5,宋新堂4,张智猛6   

  1. 1.新疆农科院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091;
    2.新疆农科院农业质量标准与监测技术研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091; 3.新疆生产建设兵团三坪农场农业技术推广中心,乌鲁木齐 830032;
    4.新疆北合花生种植专业合作社,新疆克拉玛依 834000;
    5.新疆天鹰生物科技有限公司,新疆沙湾 832100;
    6.山东花生研究所,青岛 266010
  • 通讯作者: 张智猛(1963-),男,河北人,博士,研究员,研究方向为花生及其它作物栽培,(E-mail)qinhdao@163.com
  • 作者简介:于伯成(1963-),男,河南人,副研究员,研究方向为花生育种及栽培,(E-mail)ybcyxh@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区科技厅科技支撑项目“高产优质花生品种筛选及高产高效栽培模式研究”(2016B01008-2)

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Abstract: 【Objective】 The yield of peanut in Xinjiang is high and the quality is good, so Xinjiang becomes one of the regions for peanut development in China. The soil here is alkaline and the content of organic matter is low, which will lead to insufficient supply capacity of available calcium. Peanut is a kind of crop with high calcium demand, and its yield and quality will be affected by the shortage of calcium supply. If the supply of calcium is insufficient, the yield and quality of peanut will be affected. In this test, the effects of different calcium fertilization on peanuts in Xinjiang were preliminarily compared and a relatively good fertilization method was explored.【Method】The effects of four fertilization treatments on some economic characters and yield per plant of peanut were studied and analyzed in order to achieve the experimental design goals.【Result】Rational application of calcium fertilizer could not only increase the number and the weight of double-kerneled pod of peanuts, but also increase the weight of 100-seeds. The yield per plant of peanuts was the highest when calcium fertilizer was applied in the seed-setting layer of soil. 【Conclusion】Reasonable application of calcium nitrate fertilizer on cultivated land in Xinjiang can increase peanut yield significantly. Fertilization effect can be fully realized only when calcium is applied in the fruiting layer of soil. When calcium fertilizer is applied in the seed-setting layer, the correlation between economic traits and total fruit weight per plant are more reasonable and the factor structure is more favorable, which is beneficial to the realization of the high yield of peanut.

Key words: peanut; calcium; economic characters; yield

摘要： 【目的】比较钙肥不同施肥方式,研究新疆花生钙肥的施用效果,筛选相对较好的施肥方式。【方法】试验设不施用钙肥、叶面喷钙肥、花生结实层以下和结实层内滴灌施入钙肥4个处理,分析花生部分经济性状与单株产量影响因素。【结果】在7月底到8月底一个月的时间内,分3次在新疆相应耕地上施用适量的硝酸钙肥料,可以有效增加花生的单株双仁果数、单株双仁果重,百仁重量和单株总果重,花生产量的显著提高。在滴灌条件下,肥料在滴灌结束前10 min施用完毕,以便施入的钙肥能够处于土壤的上层,即花生结实层,施肥效果较好。【结论】合理施用钙肥,可以显著提高花生单株双仁果数、单株双仁果重和百仁重量。结实层施用钙肥,花生单株总果重最高。在新疆相应耕地上施用适量的硝酸钙肥料,显著提高花生产量。钙肥施于土壤中花生的结实层,才能够充分发挥施肥效果。结实层施用钙肥时,经济性状与单株总果重间相关性及因子结构相对更为合理,有利于花生实现高产。

关键词: 花生, 钙, 经济性状, 产量