Response of Community Characteristics and Nutrient Content of Edible Forage to No-Grazing and Grazing in Xinjiang Mountain Meadows

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.04.018

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2021, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (4): 756-765.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.04.018

• Prataculture·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian • Previous Articles Next Articles

Response of Community Characteristics and Nutrient Content of Edible Forage to No-Grazing and Grazing in Xinjiang Mountain Meadows

ZHANG Yu¹, Asiya Manlike², ZHANG Yongjuan³, XIN Xiaoping¹, ZHANG Huihui², YAN Ruirui¹, Rena Abdukelimu², GUO Meilan⁴

1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China;
2. Institute of Grass Industry, XAAS, Urumqi 830000, China;
3. Urumqi Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Urumqi 830000, China;
4. School of Life Sciences, Jining Normal University, Ulanqab Inner Mongolia 012000, China

Received:2020-04-30 Online:2021-04-20 Published:2021-04-25
Correspondence author: YAN Ruirui (1979-), Female, Native of Fengzhen, Inner Mongolia. Associate researcher. Doctor. Master supervisor . Mainly engaged in grassland ecology, carbon and nitrogen cycle and greenhouse gas emission, (E-mail) yanruirui@caas.cn
Supported by:
Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution (Y2018LM06);China Agriculture Research System (CARS-34)

新疆山地草甸植被群落特征及养分含量对围封和放牧的响应

张宇¹, 阿斯娅·曼力克², 张勇娟³, 辛晓平¹, 张荟荟², 闫瑞瑞¹, 热娜·阿布都克力木², 郭美兰⁴

1.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081;
2.新疆畜牧科学院草业研究所,乌鲁木齐 830000;
3.乌鲁木齐市林业和草原局,乌鲁木齐 830000;
4.集宁师范学院生命科学学院,内蒙古乌兰察布 012000

通讯作者: 闫瑞瑞(1979-),女,内蒙古丰镇人,副研究员,博士,研究方向为草地生态、碳氮循环和温室气体排放,(E-mail)yanruirui@caas.cn
作者简介:张宇(1994-),女,内蒙古赤峰人,硕士研究生,研究方向为草地生态,(E-mail)15248114189@163.com
基金资助:
中央级公益性科研院所基本业务费专项(Y2018LM06);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-34)

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 In order to provide theoretical basis for the restoration and scientific management of degraded meadows, the response rules of vegetation community characteristics and nutrient content to no-grazing and grazing in Xinjiang mountain meadows are clarified, and the dynamic change rules of vegetation community in different growing seasons are explored. 【Methods】 In this study, the no-grazing (5 a) and grazing mountain meadows grassland in Xinjiang was taken as the object. The species composition, quantitative characteristics, community diversity and forage nutrients of the grassland community during the whole growing season (from May to August) were determined and analyzed by field sampling and indoor analysis. 【Results】 (1) Under the conditions of no-grazing and grazing, gramineae played an important role in the mountain meadows grassland, accounting for 46.48% and 26.91%, respectively; While the proportion of degraded indicator plants (such as Geranium pratense, Phlomis pratensis and Iris ruthenicum) increased in the grazing area. But no-grazing reduced community diversity. (2) The response of plant community quantity to no-grazing and grazing was obvious. The vegetation density, height, coverage, aboveground biomass (from July to August) and belowground biomass (0-10 cm) in the no-grazing were all higher than those in the grazing area. (3) Compared with the no-grazing area, the content of plant fiber in the grazing area significantly decreased by 18.95% in the early part of the growing season (May), while the content of grass crude protein significantly increased by 8.37% in the middle part of the growing season (June). 【Conclusion】 No-grazing can improve the quantity of grassland, increase the proportion of high-quality pasture, and effectively restore degraded meadow grassland, but it is not conducive to the maintenance of community diversity, while moderate grazing in the early growing season is conducive to the improvement of community forage quality. Therefore, it is necessary to combine no-grazing and grazing in the utilization of this kind of meadow grassland, which has a positive effect on the sustainable development of grassland.

Key words: mountain meadows; community characteristics; edible forage nutrient; no-grazing; grazing

摘要： 【目的】 研究新疆山地草甸草地的植被群落特征和养分含量对围封和放牧的响应规律,分析其在不同生长季的动态变化规律,为退化草甸的恢复和科学管理提供理论依据。【方法】 在围封(5 a)与放牧条件下,以新疆山地草甸草地为对象,采用野外调查取样和室内分析相结合的方法,测定整个生长季(5~8月)的草地群落物种组成、数量特征、植物多样性以及牧草养分。【结果】 (1)围封和放牧条件下,禾本科植物在山地草甸草地中均占重要地位,其重要值分别为46.48%和26.91%,而在放牧区退化指示植物(如草原老鹳草、草原糙苏和紫花鸢尾等)所占比重增加;但围封降低了植物多样性。(2)植物群落数量特征对围封和放牧的响应明显,围封区群落植被密度、高度、盖度、地上生物量(7~8月)和地下生物量(0~10 cm)均高于放牧区。(3)与围封区相比,放牧区牧草粗纤维含量在生长季前期(5月)显著降低了18.95%,而牧草粗蛋白含量在生长季中期(6月)显著提高了的8.37%。【结论】 围封能提高草地的数量特征,增加优质牧草的比例,有效恢复退化草甸草地,但不利于植物多样性的维持;而在生长季前期适度放牧有利于提高群落的牧草品质。

关键词: 山地草甸, 植被特征, 牧草养分, 围封, 放牧

CLC Number:

S812.2

ZHANG Yu, Asiya Manlike, ZHANG Yongjuan, XIN Xiaoping, ZHANG Huihui, YAN Ruirui, Rena Abdukelimu, GUO Meilan. Response of Community Characteristics and Nutrient Content of Edible Forage to No-Grazing and Grazing in Xinjiang Mountain Meadows[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(4): 756-765.

张宇, 阿斯娅·曼力克, 张勇娟, 辛晓平, 张荟荟, 闫瑞瑞, 热娜·阿布都克力木, 郭美兰. 新疆山地草甸植被群落特征及养分含量对围封和放牧的响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(4): 756-765.

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Response of Community Characteristics and Nutrient Content of Edible Forage to No-Grazing and Grazing in Xinjiang Mountain Meadows

新疆山地草甸植被群落特征及养分含量对围封和放牧的响应

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