Research on Preliminary Grading Evaluation of Fruit Quality of 'Thompson Seedless' Grape

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.03.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the different characteristics of appearance and quality of 'Thompson Seedless' grape in different grades of panicle quality and grain quality, and to provide scientific basis for high quality cultivation and fruit grading of the grape. 【Methods】 'Thompson Seedless' grapes in Turpan area were used as experimental materials,the grape bunches were divided into nine different levels based on the bunch weight,which were ≤300 g,301-400 g,401-500 g,501-600 g,601-700 g,701-800 g,801-900 g,901-1,000 g and >1,000 g,the fruit quality were divided into seven different levels basing on the fruit quality as well,which were ≤1.5 g,1.51-2.0 g,2.01-2.5 g,2.51-3.0 g,3.01-3.5 g,3.51-4.0 g,>4.0 g. Fruit characters were measured,including bunch weight,berry weight,soluble solid content,total acid,tannin content,color index and so on.Bunch quality with 9 index and berry quality with 7 index were comprehensively analyzed by principal component analysis(PCA) respectively. 【Results】 The results showed that bunch weight and berry weight were in normal distribution.A principal component analysis carried out on the quality of the ear, the tightness of the ear, the color of the fruit surface, the content of soluble solids, the titratable acid, the acid retention ratio, the VC content, the tannin and the polyphenol showed that the ratio of PCA was 87.38% and it was believed that it reflected the basic bunch character. The first principal component was sobuble solids content,ratio of SSC to acid and color of skin,the second was bunch weight,tannins and total phenol content,the third was bunch density and acid. The ratio of PCA was 86.42% and it was considered the basic berry character. The first principal component can be summarized as soluble solids content, solid-acid ratio and VC, and the second principal component can be summarized as fruit grain mass and titratable acid content. Soluble solid content and acid of bunch(>1,000 g)were inferior to others,bunch(401-800 g)were rather stable.Ratio of SSC to acid of berry(2.01-2.50 g)was the highest and berry(>4.0 g)was the smallest. 【Conclusion】 The yield of seedless white grape in Shanshan county is better when the quality of panicle is 401-800 g and the quality of fruit grain is 2.0-3.5 g.

Key words: Thompson Seedless; bunch; berry; PCA; classification; evaluation

摘要：

【目的】研究不同级别果穗质量和果粒质量无核白的果实外观及品质差异特征,为无核白葡萄的优质栽培生产、果实分级提供科学依据。【方法】以新疆吐鲁番市鄯善县3个不同地点的无核白成熟果实为分析样本,将果穗、果粒按质量分别分级,测定不同果穗质量和不同果粒质量的果粒硬度、果柄拉力、色差、果粒纵横径、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸、VC、单宁、多酚,测定不同果粒质量的硬度、果柄拉力、果粒色差、果粒纵横径、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸、VC、单宁、多酚含量,并分别将与果穗品质有关的9个指标和果粒质量有关的7个指标进行主成分分析。【结果】果穗质量和果粒质量的分布频率符合正态分布。第一主成分为可溶性固形物含量、固酸比和果面颜色,第二主成分为果穗质量、单宁和多酚,第三主成分为果穗紧密度和可滴定酸;果穗品质主成分分析,3个主成分的贡献率达87.38%,基本反映了果穗的基本性状,第一主成分为可溶性固形物含量、固酸比和VC,第二主成分为果粒质量和可滴定酸含量。2个主成分的贡献率达到86.42%,2个主成分反映了果粒的基本性状,>1 000 g的果穗总糖含量、可滴定酸含量较低,401~800 g果穗的糖酸比较稳定;2.01~2.50 g的果粒的糖酸比最高,>4.0 g果粒的糖酸比最小。【结论】在鄯善县的无核白葡萄生产中,穗质量在401~800 g、果粒质量在2. 0~3.5 g时,果实质量较好。

关键词: 无核白葡萄, 果穗, 果粒, 分级, 主成分, 评价

CLC Number:

S663.1

HU Jinge, BAI Shijian, CHEN Guang, ZHAO Ronghua, CAI Junshe. Research on Preliminary Grading Evaluation of Fruit Quality of 'Thompson Seedless' Grape[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(3): 567-577.

户金鸽, 白世践, 陈光, 赵荣华, 蔡军社. 不同级别无核白葡萄果实外观与品质差异特征及分级[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(3): 567-577.

Figures/Tables 10

References 19

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取样地点 Location	组别 Level (g)	穗质量均值 Bunch weight (g)	果穗变异系数 Bunch coefficient of variation (%)	果面颜色 Color of skin	果穗紧密度 Bunch density	可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solid content (%)	可滴定酸 Acid (g/L)	固酸比 Ratio of SSC to acid	VC含量 VC content	单宁 Tannins (mg/g)	多酚 Tatal phenol content (mg/g)
瓜果研究所 2号试验地 No.2 Melon and furuit institute test site 2	≤300	225.20	25.32	2.43	3.00	21.14	0.48	46.62	1.66	0.26	1.52
	301~400	357.83	8.88	2.52	3.58	22.54	0.45	50.08	2.83	0.20	0.89
	401~500	448.26	6.70	2.55	3.63	21.87	0.46	47.28	2.59	0.23	1.30
	501~600	554.78	5.21	2.75	3.41	21.16	0.46	45.75	2.03	0.24	1.25
	601~700	655.11	4.19	2.74	3.14	19.35	0.50	38.70	2.03	0.15	0.42
	701~800	756.76	4.14	2.61	2.79	20.38	0.48	42.91	1.66	0.17	0.87
	801~900	848.38	4.44	1.82	2.17	19.01	0.43	44.72	1.97	0.18	1.08
	901~1 000	936.00	3.69	2.25	1.86	17.77	0.51	34.67	1.66	0.22	1.58
	>1 000	1 185.33	17.84	2.29	1.86	19.26	0.48	40.54	1.91	0.17	0.97
鄯善县园艺场 Garden spot	≤300	206.00	27.75	2.50	2.10	19.40	0.48	39.80	2.16	0.17	0.81
	301~400	340.52	8.72	2.50	2.76	18.10	0.48	41.37	3.70	0.17	0.67
	401~500	441.43	6.42	2.47	3.48	17.97	0.50	37.82	2.22	0.21	1.14
	501~600	545.50	5.13	2.30	3.26	18.08	0.48	42.55	1.97	0.15	0.51
	601~700	643.48	3.82	2.29	3.61	17.38	0.48	35.65	2.09	0.22	1.08
	701~800	739.17	2.61	2.18	3.17	16.61	0.51	30.89	2.71	0.13	0.12
	801~900	840.77	3.55	2.15	2.77	16.89	0.46	33.79	2.46	0.17	0.93
	901~1 000	936.57	3.68	2.25	2.00	16.35	0.50	33.55	2.71	0.15	0.62
	>1 000	1 099.64	8.01	2.18	1.91	16.73	0.46	33.47	2.34	0.16	0.70
鄯善县新村 Xincun	≤300	223.48	22.78	2.68	3.32	23.52	0.49	49.51	2.77	0.12	0.48
	301~400	333.86	8.12	2.67	3.17	22.45	0.44	47.27	3.20	0.18	1.16
	401~500	439.5	5.82	2.92	3.75	22.15	0.48	44.30	2.65	0.17	0.77
	501~600	555.00	4.36	2.54	3.43	22.33	0.43	47.02	3.08	0.16	0.94
	601~700	606.44	3.29	2.57	3.00	21.37	0.49	44.98	2.96	0.11	0.29
	701~800	731.60	3.50	1.80	1.00	19.87	0.54	38.76	3.14	0.12	0.37
	801~900	841.29	3.64	2.13	2.38	18.55	0.50	40.11	2.77	0.09	0.35
	901~1 000	950.00	2.48	1.88	1.38	18.53	0.49	37.06	2.90	0.20	1.16
	>1 000	1 163.20	15.40	1.60	1.17	18.95	0.50	40.98	3.02	0.14	0.45

取样地点 Location	组别 Level (g)	穗质量均值 Bunch weight (g)	果穗变异系数 Bunch coefficient of variation (%)	果面颜色 Color of skin	果穗紧密度 Bunch density	可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solid content (%)	可滴定酸 Acid (g/L)	固酸比 Ratio of SSC to acid	VC含量 VC content	单宁 Tannins (mg/g)	多酚 Tatal phenol content (mg/g)
瓜果研究所 2号试验地 No.2 Melon and furuit institute test site 2	≤300	225.20	25.32	2.43	3.00	21.14	0.48	46.62	1.66	0.26	1.52
	301~400	357.83	8.88	2.52	3.58	22.54	0.45	50.08	2.83	0.20	0.89
	401~500	448.26	6.70	2.55	3.63	21.87	0.46	47.28	2.59	0.23	1.30
	501~600	554.78	5.21	2.75	3.41	21.16	0.46	45.75	2.03	0.24	1.25
	601~700	655.11	4.19	2.74	3.14	19.35	0.50	38.70	2.03	0.15	0.42
	701~800	756.76	4.14	2.61	2.79	20.38	0.48	42.91	1.66	0.17	0.87
	801~900	848.38	4.44	1.82	2.17	19.01	0.43	44.72	1.97	0.18	1.08
	901~1 000	936.00	3.69	2.25	1.86	17.77	0.51	34.67	1.66	0.22	1.58
	>1 000	1 185.33	17.84	2.29	1.86	19.26	0.48	40.54	1.91	0.17	0.97
鄯善县园艺场 Garden spot	≤300	206.00	27.75	2.50	2.10	19.40	0.48	39.80	2.16	0.17	0.81
	301~400	340.52	8.72	2.50	2.76	18.10	0.48	41.37	3.70	0.17	0.67
	401~500	441.43	6.42	2.47	3.48	17.97	0.50	37.82	2.22	0.21	1.14
	501~600	545.50	5.13	2.30	3.26	18.08	0.48	42.55	1.97	0.15	0.51
	601~700	643.48	3.82	2.29	3.61	17.38	0.48	35.65	2.09	0.22	1.08
	701~800	739.17	2.61	2.18	3.17	16.61	0.51	30.89	2.71	0.13	0.12
	801~900	840.77	3.55	2.15	2.77	16.89	0.46	33.79	2.46	0.17	0.93
	901~1 000	936.57	3.68	2.25	2.00	16.35	0.50	33.55	2.71	0.15	0.62
	>1 000	1 099.64	8.01	2.18	1.91	16.73	0.46	33.47	2.34	0.16	0.70
鄯善县新村 Xincun	≤300	223.48	22.78	2.68	3.32	23.52	0.49	49.51	2.77	0.12	0.48
	301~400	333.86	8.12	2.67	3.17	22.45	0.44	47.27	3.20	0.18	1.16
	401~500	439.5	5.82	2.92	3.75	22.15	0.48	44.30	2.65	0.17	0.77
	501~600	555.00	4.36	2.54	3.43	22.33	0.43	47.02	3.08	0.16	0.94
	601~700	606.44	3.29	2.57	3.00	21.37	0.49	44.98	2.96	0.11	0.29
	701~800	731.60	3.50	1.80	1.00	19.87	0.54	38.76	3.14	0.12	0.37
	801~900	841.29	3.64	2.13	2.38	18.55	0.50	40.11	2.77	0.09	0.35
	901~1 000	950.00	2.48	1.88	1.38	18.53	0.49	37.06	2.90	0.20	1.16
	>1 000	1 163.20	15.40	1.60	1.17	18.95	0.50	40.98	3.02	0.14	0.45

取样地点 Location	组别 Level (g)	果粒硬度 Berry hardness (kg/cm²)	果柄拉力 Separating from pedicel (N)	平均粒重 Berry weight (g)	果粒变异系数	色差 Chomatic			果粒纵径 Berry length (mm)	果粒横径 Berry width (mm)	果形指数 Fruit shape index	皮果比 Skin fruit ratio
取样地点 Location	组别 Level (g)	果粒硬度 Berry hardness (kg/cm²)	果柄拉力 Separating from pedicel (N)	平均粒重 Berry weight (g)	果粒变异系数	L	a	b	果粒纵径 Berry length (mm)	果粒横径 Berry width (mm)	果形指数 Fruit shape index	皮果比 Skin fruit ratio
瓜果研究所 2号试验地 No.2 Melon and furuit institute test site 2	≤300	1.81	3.08	2.35	22.78	42.48	1.03	13.14	17.788	13.883	1.354	6.11
	301~400	2.01	3.55	2.69	16.19	41.35	0.21	13.32	19.818	14.260	1.394	6.02
	401~500	2.04	3.34	2.73	14.81	40.64	0.13	12.95	19.955	14.869	1.348	5.99
	501~600	2.34	3.29	3.30	15.01	40.77	-0.04	12.16	20.857	14.901	1.400	6.25
	601~700	2.22	3.29	3.06	13.51	40.40	-0.37	12.61	21.158	14.018	1.514	6.36
	701~800	2.35	3.47	3.02	15.42	40.03	-0.44	12.34	20.076	14.752	1.363	5.77
	801~900	2.14	3.31	3.33	11.04	40.73	-0.92	12.16	20.986	15.472	1.361	5.88
	901~1 000	2.25	3.30	3.06	14.24	39.84	-0.98	11.91	21.896	14.318	1.532	5.63
	>1 000	2.95	2.95	3.12	16.81	37.33	-0.30	10.64	21.406	14.873	1.441	5.97
	均值	2.23	3.29	2.96	15.53	40.40	-0.19	12.36	20.44	14.59	1.41	6.00
鄯善县园艺场 Garden spot	≤300	1.32	2.03	1.55	26.69	40.10	1.11	14.23	16.186	12.727	1.280	6.77
	301~400	1.60	2.44	2.05	25.40	39.37	0.57	13.33	18.411	13.639	1.350	6.33
	401~500	1.78	2.91	2.04	20.95	40.28	-0.16	14.50	18.534	13.640	1.360	5.97
	501~600	2.00	2.84	2.26	18.73	40.31	-0.52	13.74	18.896	14.442	1.310	7.02
	601~700	2.28	3.19	2.60	21.25	41.40	-0.70	14.04	20.740	14.384	1.440	6.02
	701~800	2.34	3.19	2.88	18.24	39.23	-0.54	12.41	20.776	14.882	1.400	6.03
	801~900	2.31	3.58	2.83	19.44	40.93	-0.33	13.31	21.266	15.049	1.420	6.00
	901~1 000	2.37	3.63	3.04	24.37	39.24	-0.08	12.05	22.598	16.030	1.410	5.94
	>1 000	2.51	3.74	3.18	25.19	40.54	-0.54	12.62	21.685	15.958	1.350	6.22
	均值	2.06	3.06	2.49	22.25	40.16	-0.13	13.36	19.90	14.53	1.37	6.26
鄯善县新村 Xincun	≤300	0.94	2.25	1.32	38.18	42.11	1.68	15.61	15.78	11.17	1.41	6.32
	301~400	1.57	2.56	2.00	22.83	44.47	0.91	15.52	18.87	12.59	1.50	6.54
	401~500	1.51	3.08	2.53	26.17	43.13	0.69	14.63	20.74	13.77	1.51	5.28
	501~600	1.72	3.00	2.80	13.63	41.87	0.95	14.22	21.02	14.69	1.43	5.05
	601~700	1.67	2.89	2.70	15.64	41.07	0.29	12.78	21.88	14.46	1.51	5.31
	701~800	1.85	2.74	2.15	17.69	39.21	0.35	12.20	19.92	13.59	1.47	5.22
	801~900	1.71	2.75	2.46	17.51	39.03	0.06	12.03	20.07	13.53	1.48	6.14
	901~1 000	1.67	3.12	2.72	22.16	39.91	0.07	12.02	20.38	14.63	1.39	5.36
	>1 000	2.00	3.73	3.02	26.14	41.44	0.15	17.20	21.60	15.27	1.41	5.15
	均值	1.63	2.90	2.41	22.22	41.36	0.57	14.02	20.03	13.74	1.46	5.60

取样地点 Location	组别 Level (g)	果粒硬度 Berry hardness (kg/cm²)	果柄拉力 Separating from pedicel (N)	平均粒重 Berry weight (g)	果粒变异系数	色差 Chomatic			果粒纵径 Berry length (mm)	果粒横径 Berry width (mm)	果形指数 Fruit shape index	皮果比 Skin fruit ratio
取样地点 Location	组别 Level (g)	果粒硬度 Berry hardness (kg/cm²)	果柄拉力 Separating from pedicel (N)	平均粒重 Berry weight (g)	果粒变异系数	L	a	b	果粒纵径 Berry length (mm)	果粒横径 Berry width (mm)	果形指数 Fruit shape index	皮果比 Skin fruit ratio
瓜果研究所 2号试验地 No.2 Melon and furuit institute test site 2	≤300	1.81	3.08	2.35	22.78	42.48	1.03	13.14	17.788	13.883	1.354	6.11
	301~400	2.01	3.55	2.69	16.19	41.35	0.21	13.32	19.818	14.260	1.394	6.02
	401~500	2.04	3.34	2.73	14.81	40.64	0.13	12.95	19.955	14.869	1.348	5.99
	501~600	2.34	3.29	3.30	15.01	40.77	-0.04	12.16	20.857	14.901	1.400	6.25
	601~700	2.22	3.29	3.06	13.51	40.40	-0.37	12.61	21.158	14.018	1.514	6.36
	701~800	2.35	3.47	3.02	15.42	40.03	-0.44	12.34	20.076	14.752	1.363	5.77
	801~900	2.14	3.31	3.33	11.04	40.73	-0.92	12.16	20.986	15.472	1.361	5.88
	901~1 000	2.25	3.30	3.06	14.24	39.84	-0.98	11.91	21.896	14.318	1.532	5.63
	>1 000	2.95	2.95	3.12	16.81	37.33	-0.30	10.64	21.406	14.873	1.441	5.97
	均值	2.23	3.29	2.96	15.53	40.40	-0.19	12.36	20.44	14.59	1.41	6.00
鄯善县园艺场 Garden spot	≤300	1.32	2.03	1.55	26.69	40.10	1.11	14.23	16.186	12.727	1.280	6.77
	301~400	1.60	2.44	2.05	25.40	39.37	0.57	13.33	18.411	13.639	1.350	6.33
	401~500	1.78	2.91	2.04	20.95	40.28	-0.16	14.50	18.534	13.640	1.360	5.97
	501~600	2.00	2.84	2.26	18.73	40.31	-0.52	13.74	18.896	14.442	1.310	7.02
	601~700	2.28	3.19	2.60	21.25	41.40	-0.70	14.04	20.740	14.384	1.440	6.02
	701~800	2.34	3.19	2.88	18.24	39.23	-0.54	12.41	20.776	14.882	1.400	6.03
	801~900	2.31	3.58	2.83	19.44	40.93	-0.33	13.31	21.266	15.049	1.420	6.00
	901~1 000	2.37	3.63	3.04	24.37	39.24	-0.08	12.05	22.598	16.030	1.410	5.94
	>1 000	2.51	3.74	3.18	25.19	40.54	-0.54	12.62	21.685	15.958	1.350	6.22
	均值	2.06	3.06	2.49	22.25	40.16	-0.13	13.36	19.90	14.53	1.37	6.26
鄯善县新村 Xincun	≤300	0.94	2.25	1.32	38.18	42.11	1.68	15.61	15.78	11.17	1.41	6.32
	301~400	1.57	2.56	2.00	22.83	44.47	0.91	15.52	18.87	12.59	1.50	6.54
	401~500	1.51	3.08	2.53	26.17	43.13	0.69	14.63	20.74	13.77	1.51	5.28
	501~600	1.72	3.00	2.80	13.63	41.87	0.95	14.22	21.02	14.69	1.43	5.05
	601~700	1.67	2.89	2.70	15.64	41.07	0.29	12.78	21.88	14.46	1.51	5.31
	701~800	1.85	2.74	2.15	17.69	39.21	0.35	12.20	19.92	13.59	1.47	5.22
	801~900	1.71	2.75	2.46	17.51	39.03	0.06	12.03	20.07	13.53	1.48	6.14
	901~1 000	1.67	3.12	2.72	22.16	39.91	0.07	12.02	20.38	14.63	1.39	5.36
	>1 000	2.00	3.73	3.02	26.14	41.44	0.15	17.20	21.60	15.27	1.41	5.15
	均值	1.63	2.90	2.41	22.22	41.36	0.57	14.02	20.03	13.74	1.46	5.60

主成分 PCA	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)
Y₁	-0.395	0.402	0.377	0.408	-0.245	0.406	0.143	0.299	0.198	58.378
Y₂	0.134	-0.081	-0.206	-0.174	0.015	-0.152	-0.120	0.578	0.729	16.121
Y₃	-0.207	0.263	0.147	0.116	0.612	-0.136	-0.668	0.091	-0.086	12.879