Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Photosynthetic Fluorescence Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Cucumber Cultivated with Yellow Sand and Slag Composite Substrate

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.03.009

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (3): 597-608.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.03.009

• Horticultural Special Local Products·Agricultural Product Processing • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Photosynthetic Fluorescence Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Cucumber Cultivated with Yellow Sand and Slag Composite Substrate

MA Xinchao¹^,²^,³(), ZHOU Yu¹^,², LIU Qing¹, XUAN Zhengying¹^,²^,³(), CHEN Mengmeng¹, ZHANG Kaihao¹, WANG Xufeng³, TAN Zhanming¹

1. College of Plant Sciences, Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China
2. National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High Efficiency and High Quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Special Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang,Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China
3. Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China

Received:2021-06-15 Online:2022-03-20 Published:2022-03-28
Correspondence author: XUAN Zhengying
Supported by:
XPCC's scientific and technological research project(2018DB003);XPCC's "ten facts" agricultural technology radiation driving project(SJSS201801);President fund project of Tarim University(TDZKYB201903);Key industry support plan project in southern Xinjiang(2019DB001);Graduate innovation training program of Tarim University(TDGRI202023)

水肥耦合对黄沙炉渣复合基质栽培黄瓜光合荧光特性、产量及品质的影响

马新超¹^,²^,³(), 周宇¹^,², 刘青¹, 轩正英¹^,²^,³(), 陈蒙蒙¹, 张凯浩¹, 王旭峰³, 谭占明¹

1.塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.塔里木大学南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300
3.现代农业工程自治区重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300

通讯作者: 轩正英
作者简介:马新超(1998-),男,河南南阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向为设施农业,(E-mail) mxczky@163.com
基金资助:
兵团科技攻关项目(2018DB003);兵团“十件实事”农业技术辐射带动工程项目(SJSS201801);塔里木大学校长基金项目(TDZKYB201903);南疆重点产业支撑计划项目(2019DB001);塔里木大学研究生创新训练项目(TDGRI202023)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on photosynthetic fluorescence, yield and quality of cucumber. 【Methods】 Taking "Xintaimici " cucumber as the test material, under the cultivation mode of yellow sand and slag composite substrate, four variables including irrigation amount, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were set up, and one half of the four variable quadratic general rotation combination design was used. 【Results】 (1) The net photosynthetic rate of cucumber increased with the increase of irrigation amount; under the condition of less water, proper fertilizer supply could improve the photosynthetic capacity of cucumber. (2) Under the water and nitrogen supply of 105% Ep, the lower P and K fertilizer was helpful to the chlorophyll synthesis of cucumber. Under 90% Ep water supply, the chloroplast pigment content of cucumber leaves was at a high level, and the maximum light conversion efficiency F_v / F_m was the highest. (3) Under the water supply of 75% Ep, higher N and K fertilizer, and lower P fertilizer could improve the single fruit weight of cucumber, and proper reduction of irrigation could improve the yield and quality of cucumber. 【Conclusion】 Under the cultivation mode of yellow sand and slag composite substrate, the optimal ratio of water and fertilizer for greenhouse cucumber production is C₁₆, that is 90% Ep and N 540 kg / hm²+ P₂O₅270 kg / hm² + K₂O 1,043 kg / hm².

Key words: cucumber; water fertilizer coupling; photosynthesis; fluorescence; yield; quality

摘要：

【目的】研究不同水肥耦合处理对黄瓜光合荧光特性、产量及品质的影响。【方法】以新泰密刺黄瓜为试材,在黄沙炉渣复合基质栽培模式下,设置不同的灌水量、氮肥、磷肥和钾肥共4个变量,采用四元二次通用旋转组合设计的1/2。【结果】(1)黄瓜净光合速率随着灌溉量的增加而增加;水分较少的情况下,适当的肥料供应可以提高黄瓜光合能力。(2)105%Ep水分和氮肥供给下,较低的磷钾肥有助于黄瓜叶绿素的合成。90%Ep水分供给下,黄瓜植株叶片的叶绿体色素含量处在较高的水平,最大光转化效率值Fv/Fm最大。(3)75%Ep的水分供给下,较高的氮肥和钾肥,再施以较低的磷肥有助于提高黄瓜的单果重,适当减少灌水量有助于提高黄瓜产量和品质。【结论】在黄沙炉渣复合基质栽培模式下,适用于设施黄瓜生产的最优水肥配比是处理C₁₆,即90%Ep和N 540 kg/hm²+P₂O₅ 270 kg/hm²+K₂O 1 043 kg/hm²。

关键词: 黄瓜, 水肥耦合, 光合, 荧光, 产量, 品质

CLC Number:

S642.2

MA Xinchao, ZHOU Yu, LIU Qing, XUAN Zhengying, CHEN Mengmeng, ZHANG Kaihao, WANG Xufeng, TAN Zhanming. Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Photosynthetic Fluorescence Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Cucumber Cultivated with Yellow Sand and Slag Composite Substrate[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(3): 597-608.

马新超, 周宇, 刘青, 轩正英, 陈蒙蒙, 张凯浩, 王旭峰, 谭占明. 水肥耦合对黄沙炉渣复合基质栽培黄瓜光合荧光特性、产量及品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(3): 597-608.

Figures/Tables 10

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因素 Factor	变化间距 Varying spacing	水平及编码 Level and code
因素 Factor	变化间距 Varying spacing	-1.682	-1	0	1	1.682
灌水量Ep Irrigation volume (%)	15	65	75	90	105	115
N (kg/hm²)	150	288	390	540	690	792
P (kg/hm²)	60	169	210	270	330	371
K (kg/hm²)	180	427	550	730	920	1 043

因素 Factor	变化间距 Varying spacing	水平及编码 Level and code
因素 Factor	变化间距 Varying spacing	-1.682	-1	0	1	1.682
灌水量Ep Irrigation volume (%)	15	65	75	90	105	115
N (kg/hm²)	150	288	390	540	690	792
P (kg/hm²)	60	169	210	270	330	371
K (kg/hm²)	180	427	550	730	920	1 043

处理 Treatment	净光合速率 Photo(Pn) (μmol/(m²·s))	气孔导度 Cond(Gs) (mol/(m²·s))	胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration(Ci) (μmol/mol)	蒸腾速率 Trmmol(Tr) (mmol/(m²·s))	水分利用率 Water use efficiency (WUE) (mmol/mol)
C₁	9.86±0.09^efg	0.15±0.01^bc	246.28±5.43^a	3.71±0.20^bc	2.66±0.12^gh
C₂	10.71±0.72^cde	0.17±0.05^ab	243.21±21.97^a	4.08±0.81^b	2.68±0.35^efgh
C₃	9.40±1.83^g	0.16±0.08^bc	240.02±31.80^a	3.77±1.46^bc	2.67±0.55^fgh
C₄	10.78±0.71^cd	0.14±0.01^cde	221.78±19.10^bcd	3.76±0.15^bc	2.88±0.31^defgh
C₅	7.82±0.37^ij	0.09±0.01^fgh	220.30±9.71^bcd	2.83±0.29^fg	2.77±0.15^efgh
C₆	9.78±0.21^fg	0.13±0.03^cde	230.38±23.14^abc	3.66±0.58^bcd	2.74±0.49^efgh
C₇	11.19±0.64^bc	0.12±0.02^def	207.20±31.32^de	3.46±0.44^cd	3.30±0.60^a
C₈	13.04±0.09^a	0.19±0.00^a	236.86±4.45^ab	4.93±0.02^a	2.64±0.03^gh
C₉	7.43±0.12^jk	0.07±0.00^h	182.98±3.68^f	2.21±0.03^h	3.36±0.09^a
C₁₀	6.84±0.84^k	0.08±0.01^h	219.66±4.70^cd	2.62±0.19^fgh	2.60±0.13^h
C₁₁	9.18±0.29^gh	0.11±0.01^efg	211.70±14.11^de	3.46±0.18^cd	2.66±0.23^gh
C₁₂	8.36±0.07^hi	0.09±0.00^fgh	195.40±4.92^ef	2.89±0.06^efg	2.89±0.08^defgh
C₁₃	9.39±0.31^g	0.09±0.01^fgh	184.71±6.10^f	2.82±0.19^fg	3.34±0.12^a
C₁₄	7.99±1.70^ij	0.08±0.02^gh	196.21±8.49^ef	2.50±0.61^gh	3.21±0.12^abc
C₁₅	10.04±0.05^defg	0.11±0.01^def	205.21±11.24^de	3.13±0.22^def	3.22±0.21^ab
C₁₆	11.74±0.33^b	0.16±0.01^bc	221.32±0.19^bcd	3.95±0.11^bc	2.97±0.00^bcde
C₁₇	10.61±0.98^cdef	0.15±0.03^bc	229.65±10.66^abc	3.59±0.47^bcd	2.97±0.12^bcdef
C₁₈	10.60±0.32^cdef	0.15±0.01^bc	234.43±2.23^abc	3.63±0.16^bcd	2.92±0.05^cdefg
C₁₉	10.61±0.98^cdef	0.15±0.03^bc	229.65±10.66^abc	3.59±0.47^bcd	2.97±0.12^bcdef
C₂₀	10.55±0.76^cdef	0.14±0.03^cd	220.89±15.74^bcd	3.40±0.50^cde	3.13±0.23^abcd

处理 Treatment	净光合速率 Photo(Pn) (μmol/(m²·s))	气孔导度 Cond(Gs) (mol/(m²·s))	胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration(Ci) (μmol/mol)	蒸腾速率 Trmmol(Tr) (mmol/(m²·s))	水分利用率 Water use efficiency (WUE) (mmol/mol)
C₁	9.86±0.09^efg	0.15±0.01^bc	246.28±5.43^a	3.71±0.20^bc	2.66±0.12^gh
C₂	10.71±0.72^cde	0.17±0.05^ab	243.21±21.97^a	4.08±0.81^b	2.68±0.35^efgh
C₃	9.40±1.83^g	0.16±0.08^bc	240.02±31.80^a	3.77±1.46^bc	2.67±0.55^fgh
C₄	10.78±0.71^cd	0.14±0.01^cde	221.78±19.10^bcd	3.76±0.15^bc	2.88±0.31^defgh
C₅	7.82±0.37^ij	0.09±0.01^fgh	220.30±9.71^bcd	2.83±0.29^fg	2.77±0.15^efgh
C₆	9.78±0.21^fg	0.13±0.03^cde	230.38±23.14^abc	3.66±0.58^bcd	2.74±0.49^efgh
C₇	11.19±0.64^bc	0.12±0.02^def	207.20±31.32^de	3.46±0.44^cd	3.30±0.60^a
C₈	13.04±0.09^a	0.19±0.00^a	236.86±4.45^ab	4.93±0.02^a	2.64±0.03^gh
C₉	7.43±0.12^jk	0.07±0.00^h	182.98±3.68^f	2.21±0.03^h	3.36±0.09^a
C₁₀	6.84±0.84^k	0.08±0.01^h	219.66±4.70^cd	2.62±0.19^fgh	2.60±0.13^h
C₁₁	9.18±0.29^gh	0.11±0.01^efg	211.70±14.11^de	3.46±0.18^cd	2.66±0.23^gh
C₁₂	8.36±0.07^hi	0.09±0.00^fgh	195.40±4.92^ef	2.89±0.06^efg	2.89±0.08^defgh
C₁₃	9.39±0.31^g	0.09±0.01^fgh	184.71±6.10^f	2.82±0.19^fg	3.34±0.12^a
C₁₄	7.99±1.70^ij	0.08±0.02^gh	196.21±8.49^ef	2.50±0.61^gh	3.21±0.12^abc
C₁₅	10.04±0.05^defg	0.11±0.01^def	205.21±11.24^de	3.13±0.22^def	3.22±0.21^ab
C₁₆	11.74±0.33^b	0.16±0.01^bc	221.32±0.19^bcd	3.95±0.11^bc	2.97±0.00^bcde
C₁₇	10.61±0.98^cdef	0.15±0.03^bc	229.65±10.66^abc	3.59±0.47^bcd	2.97±0.12^bcdef
C₁₈	10.60±0.32^cdef	0.15±0.01^bc	234.43±2.23^abc	3.63±0.16^bcd	2.92±0.05^cdefg
C₁₉	10.61±0.98^cdef	0.15±0.03^bc	229.65±10.66^abc	3.59±0.47^bcd	2.97±0.12^bcdef
C₂₀	10.55±0.76^cdef	0.14±0.03^cd	220.89±15.74^bcd	3.40±0.50^cde	3.13±0.23^abcd

处理 Treatment	实际光转化效率 Actual light conversion efficiency (ΦPSⅡ)	最大光转化效率 Maximum light conversion efficiency (F_v/F_m)	PSⅡ活性 PSⅡ activity (F_v/F_o)	光化学淬灭系数 Photochemical quenching coefficient (qP)	非光化学淬灭系数 Non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ)
C₁	0.43 ±0.01^ab	0.50 ±0.01^cd	1.00±0.06^cd	0.93±0.00^ab	0.16±0.12^cde
C₂	0.40±0.02^bcd	0.55±0.03^abc	1.21±0.17^abc	0.85±0.02^bcde	0.34±0.14^bc
C₃	0.38±0.01^cdef	0.52±0.06^bc	1.09±0.24^bcd	0.85±0.07^bcde	0.30±0.18^bcd
C₄	0.39±0.02^cde	0.50±0.04^bcd	1.03±0.15^cd	0.86±0.06^abcd	0.21±0.13^bcde
C₅	0.38±0.03^cdef	0.51±0.06^bcd	1.07±0.28^bcd	0.83±0.09^cdef	0.24±0.23^bcde
C₆	0.44±0.01^a	0.50±0.03^cd	1.01±0.13^cd	0.90±0.06^abc	0.05±0.06^e
C₇	0.41±0.02^abc	0.54±0.07^abc	1.19±0.30^bc	0.90±0.08^abc	0.38±0.11^b
C₈	0.32±0.02^g	0.49±0.03^cd	0.95±0.11^cd	0.74±0.02^fg	0.24±0.03^bcde
C₉	0.38±0.02^cdef	0.51±0.03^bcd	1.04±0.11^bcd	0.81±0.03^cdefg	0.19±0.16^bcde
C₁₀	0.31±0.04^g	0.49±0.01^cd	0.96±0.02^cd	0.73±0.09^g	0.30±0.07^bcd
C₁₁	0.39±0.02^cdef	0.53±0.03^bc	1.13±0.14^bc	0.81±0.05^cdefg	0.21±0.11^bcde
C₁₂	0.36±0.01^ef	0.60±0.02^a	1.51±0.10^a	0.75±0.02^efg	0.64±0.05^a
C₁₃	0.43±0.01^ab	0.54±0.06^abc	1.20±0.29^bc	0.84±0.02^bcde	0.14±0.20^cde
C₁₄	0.40±0.01^bcd	0.57±0.02^ab	1.33±0.10^ab	0.80±0.04^defg	0.32±0.04^bcd
C₁₅	0.37±0.02^def	0.55±0.05^abc	1.22±0.26^abc	0.78±0.04^defg	0.32±0.25^bc
C₁₆	0.36±0.03^f	0.53±0.01^bc	1.12±0.06^bcd	0.76±0.05^defg	0.25±0.10^bcde
C₁₇	0.39±0.02^cdef	0.48±0.06^cd	0.95±0.26^cd	0.86±0.12^abcd	0.10±0.03^de
C₁₈	0.40±0.01^bcd	0.57±0.02^ab	1.33±0.10^ab	0.80±0.04^defg	0.32±0.04^bcd
C₁₉	0.41±0.02^abc	0.54±0.07^abc	1.19±0.30^bc	0.90±0.08^abc	0.38±0.11^b
C₂₀	0.39±0.01^cde	0.45±0.01^d	0.81±0.03^d	0.95±0.04^a	0.15±0.12^cde

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Photosynthetic Fluorescence Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Cucumber Cultivated with Yellow Sand and Slag Composite Substrate

水肥耦合对黄沙炉渣复合基质栽培黄瓜光合荧光特性、产量及品质的影响

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处理 Treatment	叶绿素a Chlorophyll a (mg/g)	叶绿素b Chlorophyll b (mg/g)	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoids (mg/g)	叶绿素a+b Chlorophyll a + b (mg/g)	叶绿素a/b Chlorophyll a /b
C₁	2.14±0.00^p	1.07±0.01^p	0.43±0.00^m	3.21±0.00^s	2.01±0.01^b
C₂	3.65±0.04^b	2.15±0.02^b	0.62±0.01^a	5.80±0.02^b	1.69±0.03^kl
C₃	2.81±0.00^l	1.45±0.01^j	0.50±0.01^g	4.26±0.01^m	1.95±0.01^d
C₄	3.30±0.00^g	1.80±0.00^fg	0.57±0.01^d	5.10±0.00^g	1.83±0.00^g
C₅	3.07±0.01ⁱ	1.61±0.01^h	0.53±0.00^e	4.67±0.00^k	1.91±0.00^f
C₆	3.48±0.00^e	1.96±0.00^c	0.58±0.00^c	5.44±0.01^e	1.77±0.01ⁱ
C₇	2.28±0.00^o	1.15±0.01^o	0.44±0.01^l	3.43±0.00^r	1.97±0.01^c
C₈	2.59±0.01^m	1.35±0.01^l	0.48±0.00ⁱ	3.93±0.00^o	1.92±0.01^ef
C₉	2.51±0.01ⁿ	1.30±0.01^m	0.47±0.01^j	3.82±0.00^p	1.93±0.01^def
C₁₀	2.86±0.01^k	1.47±0.00ⁱ	0.51±0.01^f	4.32±0.01^l	1.94±0.01^de
C₁₁	3.53±0.01^d	1.95±0.01^c	0.57±0.01^d	5.48±0.01^d	1.81±0.01^h
C₁₂	2.58±0.03^m	1.18±0.02ⁿ	0.46±0.01^k	3.76±0.02^q	2.18±0.05^a
C₁₃	2.80±0.01^l	1.41±0.01^k	0.49±0.00^h	4.21±0.01ⁿ	1.98±0.01^c
C₁₄	3.61±0.01^c	2.14±0.01^b	0.58±0.00^c	5.75±0.01^c	1.68±0.01^l
C₁₅	3.86±0.01^a	2.34±0.00^a	0.61±0.00^b	6.20±0.01^a	1.65±0.01^m
C₁₆	3.35±0.01^f	1.83±0.01^e	0.58±0.00^c	5.19±0.00^f	1.83±0.01^gh
C₁₇	3.09±0.01^h	1.80±0.01^g	0.39±0.01^o	4.89±0.00^ij	1.72±0.01^j
C₁₈	3.03±0.01^j	1.85±0.01^d	0.37±0.00^p	4.88±0.00^j	1.64±0.01^m
C₁₉	3.07±0.01ⁱ	1.85±0.00^d	0.37±0.00^p	4.91±0.01^h	1.66±0.01^m
C₂₀	3.09±0.00^h	1.81±0.00^f	0.40±0.00ⁿ	4.90±0.00ⁱ	1.71±0.00^jk

处理 Treatment	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (%)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar(%)	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein (mg/g)	VC Vitamin C (mg/100g)
C₁	4.50±0.17^abcde	2.90±0.06^h	0.63±0.04^h	1.81±0.08^e
C₂	4.83±0.93^abcd	4.21±0.31^abcd	0.87±0.05^bcde	2.14±0.08^c
C₃	5.23±1.89^ab	4.62±0.30^ab	0.95±0.03^ab	1.64±0.08^f
C₄	4.93±0.45^abc	3.09±0.30^gh	0.79±0.03^ef	1.14±0.08^g
C₅	3.97±0.12^de	3.75±0.33^defg	0.76±0.06^fg	0.97±0.08^h
C₆	3.83±0.12^e	3.10±0.38^gh	0.68±0.05^gh	0.81±0.08ⁱ
C₇	4.07±0.21^cde	3.76±0.42^defg	0.65±0.05^h	1.14±0.08^g
C₈	3.77±0.23^e	3.76±0.30^defg	0.76±0.03^fg	3.15±0.08^a
C₉	5.37±0.65^a	3.96±0.41^bcde	0.98±0.05^a	2.31±0.08^b
C₁₀	5.33±0.40^ab	3.19±0.48^fgh	0.81±0.04^ef	1.14±0.08^g
C₁₁	4.13±0.15^cde	3.86±0.35^cdef	0.91±0.07^abcd	0.97±0.08^h
C₁₂	5.40±0.50^a	2.99±0.44^h	0.76±0.04^fg	0.97±0.08^h
C₁₃	3.87±0.06^e	3.47±0.56^efgh	0.93±0.03^abc	1.14±0.08^g
C₁₄	4.83±0.12^abcd	4.51±0.60^abc	0.82±0.04^def	1.81±0.08^e
C₁₅	4.50±0.17^abcde	3.74±0.42^defg	0.85±0.04^cde	1.98±0.08^d
C₁₆	5.17±0.46^ab	4.73±0.45^a	0.96±0.04^a	1.98±0.08^d
C₁₇	4.43±0.06^bcde	3.57±0.30^defgh	0.87±0.05^bcde	1.14±0.08^g
C₁₈	4.17±0.40^cde	3.57±0.52^defgh	0.83±0.11^def	1.14±0.08^g
C₁₉	4.53±0.15^abcde	3.57±0.63^defgh	0.79±0.09^ef	1.14±0.08^g
C₂₀	4.17±0.46^cde	3.57±0.46^defgh	0.83±0.05^def	1.14±0.08^g

处理 Treatment	单果重 Single fruit weight	产量 Yield	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein	维生素C Vitamin C	综合评价值 Comprehensive evaluation value	排序 Sort
C₁	0.274	0.000	0.449	0.000	0.000	0.429	0.196	19
C₂	0.524	0.018	0.653	0.713	0.675	0.571	0.536	5
C₃	0.597	0.405	0.898	0.938	0.894	0.357	0.702	2
C₄	1.000	0.749	0.714	0.104	0.452	0.143	0.514	6
C₅	0.275	0.253	0.122	0.461	0.374	0.071	0.257	17
C₆	0.512	0.248	0.041	0.105	0.138	0.000	0.156	20
C₇	0.059	0.557	0.184	0.469	0.065	0.143	0.251	18
C₈	0.000	0.429	0.000	0.470	0.383	1.000	0.374	15
C₉	0.256	0.244	0.980	0.576	1.000	0.643	0.650	3
C₁₀	0.379	0.408	0.959	0.159	0.521	0.143	0.453	10
C₁₁	0.497	0.704	0.224	0.524	0.784	0.071	0.460	9
C₁₂	0.486	0.695	1.000	0.046	0.365	0.071	0.463	8
C₁₃	0.404	0.530	0.061	0.307	0.855	0.143	0.372	16
C₁₄	0.498	0.589	0.653	0.877	0.546	0.429	0.609	4
C₁₅	0.464	0.567	0.449	0.458	0.638	0.500	0.512	7
C₁₆	0.574	1.000	0.857	1.000	0.936	0.500	0.826	1
C₁₇	0.372	0.720	0.408	0.363	0.675	0.143	0.450	11
C₁₈	0.361	0.712	0.245	0.365	0.574	0.143	0.396	14
C₁₉	0.350	0.704	0.469	0.365	0.463	0.143	0.421	12
C₂₀	0.373	0.722	0.245	0.364	0.574	0.143	0.399	13

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