GC-IMS analysis of the fingerprints of volatile substances in different walnut leaves

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.020

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in leaves of three walnut varieties, compare the differences of VOCs among leaves of each walnut, and construct the scent fingerprint of VOCs of three walnut varieties.【Methods】 Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry GC-IMS was used to analyze the odor fingerprints of volatile substances in the leaves of Hickory walnut, Wen185 and American red walnut, and variance analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the differences in the fingerprints of volatile substance odor in their leaves. 【Results】 The volatile substances were contained in the leaves of different walnut varieties including alcohols, esters, aldehydes, terpenes and a small amount of ketones and furans. The contents of ethyl acetate, β-pinene dimer and acetone in walnut were significantly different from those of Wen185. The contents of 2-vinylaldehyde, cineole and 2, 5-dimethylfuran in walnut were higher than those of Wen185 and American red walnut. 【Conclusion】 There are significant differences in the fingerprint profiles of Hickory walnut, Wen185 and American red walnut, and the content of alcohol was higher in Hickory walnut, and the content of terpenes was higher in American red walnut. The content of Wen185 in esters was higher than that of Hickory walnut and American red walnut.

Key words: gas chromatography-ion migration spectrometry; fingerprint; volatile substances; walnut leaf

摘要：

【目的】 研究挥发性有机物在3个核桃品种叶片中的特性,比较各核桃叶片之间挥发性物质差异程度,构建3个核桃品种挥发性有机物气味指纹图谱。【方法】 用气相色谱-离子迁移谱技术(gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry GC-IMS)分析山核桃、温185和美国红核桃叶片中挥发性物质气味指纹图谱,利用方差分析法、主成分分析法,分析其叶片中挥发性物质气味指纹图谱差异。【结果】 不同核桃品种叶片中含有的挥发性物质包括醇类、酯类、醛类、萜烯类及少量酮类和呋喃类物质。3个核桃品种之间挥发性成分差异较大,在美国红核桃中的乙酸乙酯、β-蒎烯二聚体和丙酮挥发性物质含量与温185有较大差异,在山核桃中2-乙烯醛、桉叶油醇及2,5-二甲基呋喃含量较高且与温185和美国红核桃有较大差异。【结论】 山核桃、温185、美国红核桃所呈现的指纹图谱有明显差异,且醇类在山核桃中含量较高,萜烯类在美国红核桃中含量较高;温185在酯类中含量与山核桃和美国红核桃较高且有差异。

关键词: 气相色谱-离子迁移谱技术, 指纹图谱, 挥发性物质, 核桃叶片

CLC Number:

S664.1

WANG Ruyue, LUO Shasha, WANG Ru, HU Haifang, SUN Yali. GC-IMS analysis of the fingerprints of volatile substances in different walnut leaves[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(11): 2764-2778.

王如月, 罗莎莎, 王茹, 虎海防, 孙雅丽. 利用GC-IMS分析3个核桃品种叶片挥发性物质指纹差异[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(11): 2764-2778.

Figures/Tables 12

Tab.1 Analysis conditions

气相-离子迁移谱单元 Gas phase-ion mobility spectrometry unit	参数 Parameter
分析时间Parsing time	50 min
色谱柱类型 Chromatic column type	FS-SE-54-CB-1 15m ID:0.53 mm
柱温Column temperature	60℃
载气/漂移气Carrier gas/Drift gas	N₂
IMS温度IMS temperature	45℃
自动顶空进样单元 Automatic headspace sampling unit
进样体积Sampling volume	100 μL
孵育时间Incubation time	20 min
孵育温度Incubation temperature	60℃
进样针温度Intake needle temperature	85℃
孵化转速Incubation speed	500 r/min

Fig.1 Qualitative analysis of volatile components in walnut leaves of different varieties Note:A, B, and C represent pecans, warm 185, and American red walnuts respectively,the same as below

Tab.2 Volatile components of walnut leaves at different growth stages and their relative mass fractions

名称 Count	化合物名称 Compound	保留指数 Retention index	保留时间 Retention time(s)	峰强度Peak intensity
名称 Count	化合物名称 Compound	保留指数 Retention index	保留时间 Retention time(s)	山核桃 Carya	温185 J.regia Wen185	美国红核桃 J.regia Robert Liver-more
1	水杨酸甲酯	1 228.3	677.71	116.28±5.72^b	194.92±42.4^a	128.65±22.21^b
2	乙酸苄酯	1 174.5	600.49	144.93±59.43^b	339.84±51.85^a	365.5±32.78^a
3	丁酸乙酯	1 251.2	710.62	384.13±187.72^a	552.73±15.68^a	610.07±55.29^a
4	反式-2顺-6-壬二烯醛	1 228.9	678.67	129.00±5.87^c	362.56±6.22^b	496.18±14.19^a
5	麦芽醇	1 142.1	553.94	79.43±13.64^b	202.5±13.52^a	187.32±13.15^a
6	芳樟醇	1 100.7	494.56	106.24±17.16^b	127.5±6.81^b	191.13±4.49^a
7	2-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪	1 079.4	463.89	115.04±7.41^c	182.02±7.87^a	157.74±8.97^b
8	(2E,4E)-2,4-辛二烯醛	1 121.1	523.84	179.17±7.38^a	1 125.96±31.24^b	1 097.39±60.19^b
9	β-罗勒烯	1 042.0	410.22	160.76±14.94^c	2 082.76±52.91^b	2 395.90±39.20^a
10	β-罗勒烯二聚体	1 042.0	410.22	304.47±17.7^c	1 342.59±67.13^a	1 158.19±45.04^b
11	桉叶油醇	1 025.0	385.82	7 436.65±156.23^a	5 662.92±412.3^b	1 896.75±14.15^c
12	桉叶油醇二聚体	1 025.5	386.52	2 528.12±374.03^a	1 695.18±70.75^b	236.10±13.61^c
13	柠檬烯	1 021.1	380.24	368.31±5.61^c	699.84±64.83^b	1 482.26±5.89^a
14	正己酸乙酯	1 014.8	371.18	208.36±35.74^b	1 760.34±248.82^a	83.7±18.97^b
15	正己酸乙酯二聚体	1 014.3	370.48	73.70±4.72^b	1 805.15±988.36^a	93.57±9.38^b
16	辛醛	1 009.3	363.28	38.55±4.25^b	120.55±65.13^a	44.88±8.2 $9 a b$
17	月桂烯	992.3	341.38	619.79±66.44^c	1 143.56±6.95^b	1 232.1±7.85^a
18	月桂烯二聚体	991.9	341.03	126.91±25.35^c	518.47±41.87^b	613.99±10.42^a
19	β-蒎烯	971.0	323.37	3 699.55±56.24^a	3 098.18±62.95^b	3 129.1±53.65^b
20	β-蒎烯二聚体	971.4	323.73	2 645.18±139.97^b	4 781.19±71.63^a	4 809.49±30.61^a
21	莰烯	942.5	299.23	56.76±2.42^c	773.20±52.07^b	938.34±12.67^a
22	α- 蒎烯	926.8	285.95	1 074.23±101.02^c	1 912.43±36.65^b	2 046.41±12.41^a
23	α- 蒎烯二聚体	928.7	287.57	228.85±49.05^c	33.78.19±132.85^b	3 801.84±31.41^a
24	2,4-己二烯醛	906.9	269.09	31.47±6.47^a	38.24±8.00^a	25.41±4.27^a
25	庚醛	877.1	248.84	41.57±4.05^c	292.62±17.98^b	563.82±23.49^a
26	正己醇	874.9	247.68	406.59±132.68^b	1 189.16±94.85^b	496.68±51.85^a
27	2-已烯醛	847.1	233.22	8 427.51±330.80^b	9 534.71±536.67^a	7 244.41±2 669.85^c
28	异丁酸乙酯	837.1	228.02	116.47±7.2^b	100.24±19.56^b	180.81±5.55^a
29	戊醇	839.3	229.18	99.82±10.85^c	270.09±69.43^b	579.00±19.41^a
30	己醛	790.3	203.74	2 163.06±275.85^a	2 096.80±248.37^a	678.15±45.53^b
31	1-戊醇	758.3	190.01	53.25±4.08^b	288.12±61.16^a	93.25±28.61^b
32	反式-2-戊烯醇	743.9	184.16	888.77±24.96^b	1 783.94±260.55^a	104.81±18.53^c
33	异戊醇	727.7	177.56	321.58±24.35^c	427.84±31.29^b	1 125.47±41.02^a
34	2,5-二甲基呋喃	692.0	163.03	3 924.83±364.17^a	4 325.6±440.25^a	1 766.56±413.84^b
35	2-乙基呋喃	681.8	159.82	1 059.44±70.89^b	1 405.95±49.87^a	84.44±7.27^c
36	异丁醇	659.6	153.97	1 790.81±209.40^a	1 982.97±18.04^a	941.1±74.11^b
37	异丁醇二聚体	642.5	149.44	92.64±4.45^b	135.38±10.22^a	59.41±8.81^c
38	乙酸乙酯	606.7	140.01	657.17±107.64^c	2 745.94±423.3^b	3 702.36±295.03^a
39	丁酮	585.3	134.35	752.19±49.57^b	790.90±42.36^b	917.23±27.14^a
40	正丙醇	549.6	124.91	893.69±118.85^a	1 041.64±71.8 $9 a b$	1 080.52±42.52^a
41	丙酮	496.0	110.76	1 836.49±45.04^c	2 680.07±23.65^b	3 012.42±94.28^a
42	乙醇	470.3	103.97	3 596.49±202.44^c	4 130.09±204.5^b	4 817.59±107.99^a
43	乙酸甲酯	521.7	117.55	193.42±17.66^b	733.22±141.34^a	653.56±14.92^a
44	二异丁酸乙酯	746.3	185.11	4.67±1.4 $5 a b$	3.94±1.17^b	7.23±1.33^a
45	乙酸丁酯	802.0	209.82	9.07±2.75^a	6.66±1.06^a	6.92±0.78^a
46	乙酸异丁酯	760.2	190.77	20.79±4.98^b	37.14±2.56^a	15.80±2.70^b
47	乙缩醛二乙醇	734.8	180.43	103.71±7.74^a	94.03±16.65^a	127.36±20.88^a
48	异丁酸	768.6	194.18	10.27±2.3 $8 a b$	13.00±0.80^a	7.65±0.79^b
49	3-甲基丁醛	645.9	150.35	1 332.22±136.07^a	1 113.99±51.64^b	240.27±34.61^c
50	丁二酮	563.6	128.62	75.68±6.11^c	105.24±12.93^b	257.94±3.85^a
51	β罗勒烯三聚体	1 042.0	410.22	752.86±248.47^b	1 291.14±184.85^a	1 063.06±62.1 $9 a b$
52	醋酸正戊酯	909.9	271.68	25.61±1.25^b	256.55±144.15^a	26.55±5.7^b
53	(E)-2-庚烯醛l	963.3	316.86	42.17±4.06^b	96.63±14.05^a	92.81±1.51^a
54	乙酸异戊酯	870.5	245.42	23.85±3.91^a	40.75±13.39^a	32.68±5.1^a
55	α-松油烯	1 011.8	366.90	175.83±11.58^a	108.98±18.29^b	116.67±4.35^b
56	水芹烯	1 001.9	352.71	56.85±4.68^c	149.03±3.35^a	100.28±4.71^b
57	松油醇	1 202.3	640.45	105.37±35.83^a	125.18±10.87^a	113.31±9.51^a
58	壬醛	1 110.6	508.71	158.89±20.07^b	207.58±43.8 $8 a b$	229.83±18.06^a
59	甲基庚烯酮	988.6	338.27	135.03±4.68^b	214.70±12.50^a	141.89±6.56^b

Tab.2 Volatile components of walnut leaves at different growth stages and their relative mass fractions

名称 Count	化合物名称 Compound	保留指数 Retention index	保留时间 Retention time(s)	峰强度Peak intensity
名称 Count	化合物名称 Compound	保留指数 Retention index	保留时间 Retention time(s)	山核桃 Carya	温185 J.regia Wen185	美国红核桃 J.regia Robert Liver-more
1	水杨酸甲酯	1 228.3	677.71	116.28±5.72^b	194.92±42.4^a	128.65±22.21^b
2	乙酸苄酯	1 174.5	600.49	144.93±59.43^b	339.84±51.85^a	365.5±32.78^a
3	丁酸乙酯	1 251.2	710.62	384.13±187.72^a	552.73±15.68^a	610.07±55.29^a
4	反式-2顺-6-壬二烯醛	1 228.9	678.67	129.00±5.87^c	362.56±6.22^b	496.18±14.19^a
5	麦芽醇	1 142.1	553.94	79.43±13.64^b	202.5±13.52^a	187.32±13.15^a
6	芳樟醇	1 100.7	494.56	106.24±17.16^b	127.5±6.81^b	191.13±4.49^a
7	2-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪	1 079.4	463.89	115.04±7.41^c	182.02±7.87^a	157.74±8.97^b
8	(2E,4E)-2,4-辛二烯醛	1 121.1	523.84	179.17±7.38^a	1 125.96±31.24^b	1 097.39±60.19^b
9	β-罗勒烯	1 042.0	410.22	160.76±14.94^c	2 082.76±52.91^b	2 395.90±39.20^a
10	β-罗勒烯二聚体	1 042.0	410.22	304.47±17.7^c	1 342.59±67.13^a	1 158.19±45.04^b
11	桉叶油醇	1 025.0	385.82	7 436.65±156.23^a	5 662.92±412.3^b	1 896.75±14.15^c
12	桉叶油醇二聚体	1 025.5	386.52	2 528.12±374.03^a	1 695.18±70.75^b	236.10±13.61^c
13	柠檬烯	1 021.1	380.24	368.31±5.61^c	699.84±64.83^b	1 482.26±5.89^a
14	正己酸乙酯	1 014.8	371.18	208.36±35.74^b	1 760.34±248.82^a	83.7±18.97^b
15	正己酸乙酯二聚体	1 014.3	370.48	73.70±4.72^b	1 805.15±988.36^a	93.57±9.38^b
16	辛醛	1 009.3	363.28	38.55±4.25^b	120.55±65.13^a	44.88±8.2 $9 a b$
17	月桂烯	992.3	341.38	619.79±66.44^c	1 143.56±6.95^b	1 232.1±7.85^a
18	月桂烯二聚体	991.9	341.03	126.91±25.35^c	518.47±41.87^b	613.99±10.42^a
19	β-蒎烯	971.0	323.37	3 699.55±56.24^a	3 098.18±62.95^b	3 129.1±53.65^b
20	β-蒎烯二聚体	971.4	323.73	2 645.18±139.97^b	4 781.19±71.63^a	4 809.49±30.61^a
21	莰烯	942.5	299.23	56.76±2.42^c	773.20±52.07^b	938.34±12.67^a
22	α- 蒎烯	926.8	285.95	1 074.23±101.02^c	1 912.43±36.65^b	2 046.41±12.41^a
23	α- 蒎烯二聚体	928.7	287.57	228.85±49.05^c	33.78.19±132.85^b	3 801.84±31.41^a
24	2,4-己二烯醛	906.9	269.09	31.47±6.47^a	38.24±8.00^a	25.41±4.27^a
25	庚醛	877.1	248.84	41.57±4.05^c	292.62±17.98^b	563.82±23.49^a
26	正己醇	874.9	247.68	406.59±132.68^b	1 189.16±94.85^b	496.68±51.85^a
27	2-已烯醛	847.1	233.22	8 427.51±330.80^b	9 534.71±536.67^a	7 244.41±2 669.85^c
28	异丁酸乙酯	837.1	228.02	116.47±7.2^b	100.24±19.56^b	180.81±5.55^a
29	戊醇	839.3	229.18	99.82±10.85^c	270.09±69.43^b	579.00±19.41^a
30	己醛	790.3	203.74	2 163.06±275.85^a	2 096.80±248.37^a	678.15±45.53^b
31	1-戊醇	758.3	190.01	53.25±4.08^b	288.12±61.16^a	93.25±28.61^b
32	反式-2-戊烯醇	743.9	184.16	888.77±24.96^b	1 783.94±260.55^a	104.81±18.53^c
33	异戊醇	727.7	177.56	321.58±24.35^c	427.84±31.29^b	1 125.47±41.02^a
34	2,5-二甲基呋喃	692.0	163.03	3 924.83±364.17^a	4 325.6±440.25^a	1 766.56±413.84^b
35	2-乙基呋喃	681.8	159.82	1 059.44±70.89^b	1 405.95±49.87^a	84.44±7.27^c
36	异丁醇	659.6	153.97	1 790.81±209.40^a	1 982.97±18.04^a	941.1±74.11^b
37	异丁醇二聚体	642.5	149.44	92.64±4.45^b	135.38±10.22^a	59.41±8.81^c
38	乙酸乙酯	606.7	140.01	657.17±107.64^c	2 745.94±423.3^b	3 702.36±295.03^a
39	丁酮	585.3	134.35	752.19±49.57^b	790.90±42.36^b	917.23±27.14^a
40	正丙醇	549.6	124.91	893.69±118.85^a	1 041.64±71.8 $9 a b$	1 080.52±42.52^a
41	丙酮	496.0	110.76	1 836.49±45.04^c	2 680.07±23.65^b	3 012.42±94.28^a
42	乙醇	470.3	103.97	3 596.49±202.44^c	4 130.09±204.5^b	4 817.59±107.99^a
43	乙酸甲酯	521.7	117.55	193.42±17.66^b	733.22±141.34^a	653.56±14.92^a
44	二异丁酸乙酯	746.3	185.11	4.67±1.4 $5 a b$	3.94±1.17^b	7.23±1.33^a
45	乙酸丁酯	802.0	209.82	9.07±2.75^a	6.66±1.06^a	6.92±0.78^a
46	乙酸异丁酯	760.2	190.77	20.79±4.98^b	37.14±2.56^a	15.80±2.70^b
47	乙缩醛二乙醇	734.8	180.43	103.71±7.74^a	94.03±16.65^a	127.36±20.88^a
48	异丁酸	768.6	194.18	10.27±2.3 $8 a b$	13.00±0.80^a	7.65±0.79^b
49	3-甲基丁醛	645.9	150.35	1 332.22±136.07^a	1 113.99±51.64^b	240.27±34.61^c
50	丁二酮	563.6	128.62	75.68±6.11^c	105.24±12.93^b	257.94±3.85^a
51	β罗勒烯三聚体	1 042.0	410.22	752.86±248.47^b	1 291.14±184.85^a	1 063.06±62.1 $9 a b$
52	醋酸正戊酯	909.9	271.68	25.61±1.25^b	256.55±144.15^a	26.55±5.7^b
53	(E)-2-庚烯醛l	963.3	316.86	42.17±4.06^b	96.63±14.05^a	92.81±1.51^a
54	乙酸异戊酯	870.5	245.42	23.85±3.91^a	40.75±13.39^a	32.68±5.1^a
55	α-松油烯	1 011.8	366.90	175.83±11.58^a	108.98±18.29^b	116.67±4.35^b
56	水芹烯	1 001.9	352.71	56.85±4.68^c	149.03±3.35^a	100.28±4.71^b
57	松油醇	1 202.3	640.45	105.37±35.83^a	125.18±10.87^a	113.31±9.51^a
58	壬醛	1 110.6	508.71	158.89±20.07^b	207.58±43.8 $8 a b$	229.83±18.06^a
59	甲基庚烯酮	988.6	338.27	135.03±4.68^b	214.70±12.50^a	141.89±6.56^b

Fig.2 GC-IMS three-dimensional spectea of volatile organic compounds in different walnut leaves

Fig.3 Meteorological ion migration spectrum of walnut leaves

Fig.4 GC-IMS difference pattern of leaves of three walnut species

Fig.5 Gallery Plot of volatile organic compounds in leaves of three walnut varieties

Tab.3 Quantitative analysis of volatile organic compounds in different walnut leaves

分类 Classify	化合物 Compound	相对含量 Relative amount(%)
分类 Classify	化合物 Compound	山核桃 C.cathayensis	温185 J.regia Wen185	美国红核桃 J.regia Robert Liver-more
酯类 Esters	水杨酸甲酯Methyl Salicylate	0.23	0.26	0.24
	乙酸苄酯Benzyl acetate	0.28	0.46	0.67
	丁酸乙酯Hexyl butanoate	0.75	0.75	1.12
	正己酸乙酯Hexyl acetate-M	0.41	2.38	0.15
	正己酸乙酯二聚体Hexyl acetate-D	0.14	2.45	0.17
	异丁酸乙酯Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate	0.23	0.14	0.33
	乙酸乙酯Ethyl Acetate	1.28	3.72	6.8
	乙酸甲酯Methyl acetate	0.38	0.99	1.2
	二异丁酸乙酯Ethyl 2-methylpropanoate	0.01	0.01	0.01
	乙酸丁酯Butyl acetate	0.02	0.01	0.01
	乙酸异丁酯2-Methylpropyl acetate	0.04	05	0.0003
	醋酸正戊酯Amyl acetate	0.05	0.35	0.05
	乙酸异戊酯Isoamyl acetate	0.05	0.06	0.06
	小计	3.87	11.63	10.84
醛类 Aldehyde	反式-2顺-6-壬二烯醛(E,Z)-2-6-Nonadienal	0.25	0.49	0.91
	(2E,4E)-2,4-辛二烯醛(E,E)-2,4-Octadienal	0.35	1.53	2.02
	辛醛Octanal	0.08	0.16	0.08
	2,4-己二烯醛(E,E)-2,4-Hexadienal	0.06	0.05	0.05
	庚醛Heptanal	0.08	4.00	1.04
醛类 Aldehyde	2-己烯醛(E)-2-Hexenal	16.46	12.92	6.93
	己醛Hexanal	4.22	2.84	1.25
	乙缩醛二乙醇Acetal	0.2	0.13	0.23
	3-甲基丁醛3-Methylbutanal-D	2.6	1.51	0.44
	(E)-2-庚烯醛(E)-2-Heptenal	0.08	0.13	0.17
	壬醛Nonanal	0.31	0.28	0.42
	小计	24.69	20.44	13.54
醇类 Alcohols	麦芽醇Maltol	0.16	0.27	0.34
	芳樟醇Linalool	0.21	0.17	0.35
	桉叶油醇1,8-Cineole-M	14.52	7.67	3.48
	桉叶油醇二聚体1,8-Cineole-D	4.94	2.30	0.43
	正己醇1-Hexanol	0.79	1.61	0.91
	戊醇3-Methylpentanol	0.19	0.5	1.06
	1-戊醇1-Pentanol	0.1	0.39	0.17
	反式-2-戊烯醇(E)-2-Pentenal	1.74	2.42	0.19
	异戊醇Isopentanol	0.63	0.58	2.07
	异丁醇2-Methylbutanal	3.5	2.69	1.73
	异丁醇二聚体3-Methylbutanal-M	0.18	0.18	0.11
	正丙醇1-Propanol	1.75	1.41	1.99
	乙醇Ethanol	7.02	5.59	8.85
	乙缩醛二乙醇Acetal	0.20	0.13	0.23
	松油醇alpha-Terpineol	0.21	0.17	0.21
	小计	36.14	26.08	22.12
酮类 Ketones	丁酮2-Butanone	1.47	1.07	1.69
	丙酮2-Propanone	3.59	3.63	5.53
	丁二酮2,3-Butanedione	0.15	0.14	0.47
	甲基庚烯酮6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one	0.26	0.29	0.26
	小计	5.47	5.13	7.95
萜烯类 Terpene	罗勒烯beta-Ocimene-M	0.31	2.82	4.4
	罗勒烯二聚体beta-Ocimene-D	0.59	1.82	2.13
	双戊烯Limonene	0.72	0.95	2.72
	月桂烯Myrcene-M	1.21	1.55	2.26
	月桂烯二聚体Myrcene-D	0.25	0.7	1.13
	β-蒎烯beta-Pinene-M	7.23	4.2	5.75
	β-蒎烯二聚体beta-Pinene-D	5.17	6.48	8.84
	莰烯Camphene	0.11	1.05	1.72
	α- 蒎烯alpha-Pinene-M	2.1	2.59	3.76
	α- 蒎烯二聚体alpha-Pinene-D	0.45	4.58	6.98
萜烯类 Terpene	β罗勒烯三聚体beta-Ocimene-T	1.47	1.75	1.95
	α-松油烯alpha-Terpinene	0.34	0.15	0.21
	水芹烯alpha-Phellandrene	0.11	0.2	0.18
	小计	20.06	28.84	42.03
酸类 Acids	异丁酸2-Methylpropanoic acid	0.02	31.15	0.02
酸类 Acids	小计	0.02	0.01	0.02
其他 Other	2-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪 2-Ethyl-3,5-dimethyl pyrazine	0.22	0.25	0.29
	2,5-二甲基呋喃2,5-Dimethylfuran	7.67	5.86	3.25
	2,5-二甲基呋喃2,5-Dimethylfuran	7.67	5.86	3.25
	小计	15.56	11.79	6.79

Tab.3 Quantitative analysis of volatile organic compounds in different walnut leaves

分类 Classify	化合物 Compound	相对含量 Relative amount(%)
分类 Classify	化合物 Compound	山核桃 C.cathayensis	温185 J.regia Wen185	美国红核桃 J.regia Robert Liver-more
酯类 Esters	水杨酸甲酯Methyl Salicylate	0.23	0.26	0.24
	乙酸苄酯Benzyl acetate	0.28	0.46	0.67
	丁酸乙酯Hexyl butanoate	0.75	0.75	1.12
	正己酸乙酯Hexyl acetate-M	0.41	2.38	0.15
	正己酸乙酯二聚体Hexyl acetate-D	0.14	2.45	0.17
	异丁酸乙酯Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate	0.23	0.14	0.33
	乙酸乙酯Ethyl Acetate	1.28	3.72	6.8
	乙酸甲酯Methyl acetate	0.38	0.99	1.2
	二异丁酸乙酯Ethyl 2-methylpropanoate	0.01	0.01	0.01
	乙酸丁酯Butyl acetate	0.02	0.01	0.01
	乙酸异丁酯2-Methylpropyl acetate	0.04	05	0.0003
	醋酸正戊酯Amyl acetate	0.05	0.35	0.05
	乙酸异戊酯Isoamyl acetate	0.05	0.06	0.06
	小计	3.87	11.63	10.84
醛类 Aldehyde	反式-2顺-6-壬二烯醛(E,Z)-2-6-Nonadienal	0.25	0.49	0.91
	(2E,4E)-2,4-辛二烯醛(E,E)-2,4-Octadienal	0.35	1.53	2.02
	辛醛Octanal	0.08	0.16	0.08
	2,4-己二烯醛(E,E)-2,4-Hexadienal	0.06	0.05	0.05
	庚醛Heptanal	0.08	4.00	1.04
醛类 Aldehyde	2-己烯醛(E)-2-Hexenal	16.46	12.92	6.93
	己醛Hexanal	4.22	2.84	1.25
	乙缩醛二乙醇Acetal	0.2	0.13	0.23
	3-甲基丁醛3-Methylbutanal-D	2.6	1.51	0.44
	(E)-2-庚烯醛(E)-2-Heptenal	0.08	0.13	0.17
	壬醛Nonanal	0.31	0.28	0.42
	小计	24.69	20.44	13.54
醇类 Alcohols	麦芽醇Maltol	0.16	0.27	0.34
	芳樟醇Linalool	0.21	0.17	0.35
	桉叶油醇1,8-Cineole-M	14.52	7.67	3.48
	桉叶油醇二聚体1,8-Cineole-D	4.94	2.30	0.43
	正己醇1-Hexanol	0.79	1.61	0.91
	戊醇3-Methylpentanol	0.19	0.5	1.06
	1-戊醇1-Pentanol	0.1	0.39	0.17
	反式-2-戊烯醇(E)-2-Pentenal	1.74	2.42	0.19
	异戊醇Isopentanol	0.63	0.58	2.07
	异丁醇2-Methylbutanal	3.5	2.69	1.73
	异丁醇二聚体3-Methylbutanal-M	0.18	0.18	0.11
	正丙醇1-Propanol	1.75	1.41	1.99
	乙醇Ethanol	7.02	5.59	8.85
	乙缩醛二乙醇Acetal	0.20	0.13	0.23
	松油醇alpha-Terpineol	0.21	0.17	0.21
	小计	36.14	26.08	22.12
酮类 Ketones	丁酮2-Butanone	1.47	1.07	1.69
	丙酮2-Propanone	3.59	3.63	5.53
	丁二酮2,3-Butanedione	0.15	0.14	0.47
	甲基庚烯酮6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one	0.26	0.29	0.26
	小计	5.47	5.13	7.95
萜烯类 Terpene	罗勒烯beta-Ocimene-M	0.31	2.82	4.4
	罗勒烯二聚体beta-Ocimene-D	0.59	1.82	2.13
	双戊烯Limonene	0.72	0.95	2.72
	月桂烯Myrcene-M	1.21	1.55	2.26
	月桂烯二聚体Myrcene-D	0.25	0.7	1.13
	β-蒎烯beta-Pinene-M	7.23	4.2	5.75
	β-蒎烯二聚体beta-Pinene-D	5.17	6.48	8.84
	莰烯Camphene	0.11	1.05	1.72
	α- 蒎烯alpha-Pinene-M	2.1	2.59	3.76
	α- 蒎烯二聚体alpha-Pinene-D	0.45	4.58	6.98
萜烯类 Terpene	β罗勒烯三聚体beta-Ocimene-T	1.47	1.75	1.95
	α-松油烯alpha-Terpinene	0.34	0.15	0.21
	水芹烯alpha-Phellandrene	0.11	0.2	0.18
	小计	20.06	28.84	42.03
酸类 Acids	异丁酸2-Methylpropanoic acid	0.02	31.15	0.02
酸类 Acids	小计	0.02	0.01	0.02
其他 Other	2-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪 2-Ethyl-3,5-dimethyl pyrazine	0.22	0.25	0.29
	2,5-二甲基呋喃2,5-Dimethylfuran	7.67	5.86	3.25
	2,5-二甲基呋喃2,5-Dimethylfuran	7.67	5.86	3.25
	小计	15.56	11.79	6.79

Fig.6 Comparison of the relative contents of volatile substances in different walnut leaves

Fig.7 Pair contents of different volatile substances in different walnut leaves

Fig.8 Cluster heat map analysis of volatile components in different walnut leaves

Fig.9 PCA analysis of walnut leaves of different varieties

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