Effects of different spraying machinery and pesticide combination on the defoliation,the ripeness,yield and quality of cotton

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.04.008

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (4): 852-860.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.04.008

• Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Physiology and Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of different spraying machinery and pesticide combination on the defoliation,the ripeness,yield and quality of cotton

LIU Taijie¹(), CHEN Bing¹(), YANG Li², WANG Jing³, ZHAO Jing¹, LI Xiang², TANG Guanglan², WANG Gang¹, HAN Huanyong¹, WANG Fangyong¹

1. Cotton Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agri-Reclamation Sciences/Northwest Inland Region Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China
2. Xinjiang Production and Constrution Corps Drone Industry Association,Urumqi 830002 China
3. Institute of Water Conservation and Architectural Engineering,Xinjiang Shihezi Vocational College,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003,China

Received:2023-07-19 Online:2024-04-20 Published:2024-05-31
Correspondence author: CHEN Bing
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Project of China(2020YFD1001002);Outstanding personnal of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps;Leading Talent Project of XPCC(2019CB018)

不同喷药机械与药剂组合对棉花脱叶催熟效果及产量和品质的影响

刘太杰¹(), 陈兵¹(), 杨立², 王静³, 赵静¹, 李翔², 唐广兰², 王刚¹, 韩焕勇¹, 王方永¹

1.新疆农垦科学院棉花研究所/农业农村部西北内陆区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,新疆石河子 832000
2.新疆生产建设兵团无人机行业协会,乌鲁木齐 830002
3.新疆石河子职业技术学院水建分院,新疆石河子 832003

通讯作者: 陈兵
作者简介:刘太杰(1994-),男,新疆阿拉尔人,助理研究员,研究方向为棉花高产高效栽培,(E-mail)1569025833qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1001002);新疆生产建设兵团英才;新疆生产建设兵团领军人才计划(2019CB018)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of spraying machinery and pesticide combination on cotton defoliation,ripeness,yield and quality,in the hope of providing reference for the rational use of UAV defoliant for improving the quality and efficiency of machine-picked cotton.【Methods】 Experiments on the different spraying machines to spray cotton defoliation were carried out,different machine types,chemical combinations and other treatments were set up to analyze the differences in cotton defoliation rate,branch hanging rate,boll opening rate,etc.【Results】 Under the same agent treatment,the elongation rate and branch hanging rate were shown as DJI T16 UAV> DJI T16 UAV > Locomotive DFH LX2204 and in terms of boll number per plant,lint,yield Micronaire value and elongation at break were XAG P30 UAV > DJI T16 UAV > Locomotive DFH LX2204.After adding the same anti-flying adjuvant,the defoliation rate,flocculation rate,boll number per plant and yield were all the same as those of XAG P30 UAV > DJI T16 UAV > Locomotive DFH LX2204,branch hanging rate,uniformity index and the fracture strength were shown as DJI T16 UAV > XAG P30 UAV > Locomotive DFH LX2204.Different UAV types T₂ treatment(XAG P30 UAV + Zhenling + Auxiliary + Ethephon + Bedaton+CAU specific agent) and T₅ treatment(DJI T16 UAV + Rettolone + Aviation + Ethephon + Bedaton) did the best.When it came to 20 days after spraying,the defoliation rate of T₂ treatment and T₅ treatment was 1.97% and 1.41% higher than that of the Locomotive spraying,and the flocculation rate was slightly lower by 0.51% and 1.52%,respectively; T₂ treatment had the highest yield,and the seed cotton yield were 25.56% and 25.22% higher than that of locomotive spraying; the quality were better,while the average length,uniformity index and elongation of the upper half were 1.77%,2.23% and 3.34% lower than those of Locomotive spraying.The breaking strength and Micronaire value were 1.95% and 1.99% higher than those of the locomotive.【Conclusion】 Both kinds of defoliant combination sprayed by UAV can achieve better defoliation and ripening effect than that of Locomotive,slightly higher cotton yield than that of Locomotive,and improve some fiber quality parameters.In comprehensive consideration,T₂ and T₅ treatment are recommended to be popularized and applied in field mechanical cotton harvesting.

Key words: unmanned aerial vehicle; defoliants; cotton; fiber quality; yield

摘要：

【目的】研究不同喷药机械与药剂组合对棉花脱叶催熟效果及产量品质的影响,为机采棉提质增效合理使用无人机喷施脱叶剂提供参考。【方法】设置不同喷药机械喷施棉花脱叶剂试验,处理包括不同机械类型、不同药剂组合7个处理,分析不同处理的棉花脱叶率、挂枝率、吐絮率、产量及品质差异。【结果】在相同药剂处理下,棉花脱叶率和挂枝率表现为大疆T16无人机>极飞P30无人机>机车东方红LX2204;吐絮率、单株铃数、衣分、产量、马克隆值和断裂伸长率则是极飞P30无人机>大疆T16无人机>机车东方红LX2204。在增加相同飞防助剂后,棉花脱叶率、吐絮率、单株铃数和产量均是极飞P30无人机>大疆T16无人机>机车东方红LX2204;挂枝率、整齐度指数和断裂比强度表现为大疆T16无人机>极飞P30无人机>机车东方红LX2204。不同无人机类型T₂处理(极飞P30无人机+臻灵+助剂+乙烯利+贝达通+中农大特定药剂)和T₅处理(大疆T16无人机+瑞脱龙+助剂+乙烯利+贝达通)的综合脱叶催熟效果最佳。喷药后20 d,T₂处理和T₅处理喷药分别较机车喷药脱叶率高1.97%和1.41%,吐絮率分别低0.51%和1.52%;T₂处理产量最高,籽棉产量比机车喷施增产25.56%和25.22%;品质较好,纤维上半部平均长度、整齐度指数和断裂伸长率较机车低 1.77%、2.23%和3.34%,断裂比强度和马克隆值较机车高1.95%和1.99%。【结论】2种无人机喷施脱叶剂组合均比机车起到较好的脱叶催熟效果,比机车的棉花产量略高且提高了部分纤维品质参数,T₂和T₅处理可在大田机采棉上推广应用。

关键词: 无人机, 脱叶剂, 棉花, 纤维品质, 产量

CLC Number:

S562
513

LIU Taijie, CHEN Bing, YANG Li, WANG Jing, ZHAO Jing, LI Xiang, TANG Guanglan, WANG Gang, HAN Huanyong, WANG Fangyong. Effects of different spraying machinery and pesticide combination on the defoliation,the ripeness,yield and quality of cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(4): 852-860.

刘太杰, 陈兵, 杨立, 王静, 赵静, 李翔, 唐广兰, 王刚, 韩焕勇, 王方永. 不同喷药机械与药剂组合对棉花脱叶催熟效果及产量和品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(4): 852-860.

Figures/Tables 7

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试验机型 Test model	速度 Speed	距离冠层高度 High (m)	喷液量 Liquid injection volume (L/hm²)	喷幅 Spray amplitude (m)
大疆T16无人机 Dji T16 UAV	5 m/s	2	18	4.5
极飞P30无人机 XAG P30 UAV	5 m/s	2	15	4.3
东方红LX2204机车 DFH LX2204	5 km/h	0.2	525	12

试验机型 Test model	速度 Speed	距离冠层高度 High (m)	喷液量 Liquid injection volume (L/hm²)	喷幅 Spray amplitude (m)
大疆T16无人机 Dji T16 UAV	5 m/s	2	18	4.5
极飞P30无人机 XAG P30 UAV	5 m/s	2	15	4.3
东方红LX2204机车 DFH LX2204	5 km/h	0.2	525	12

处理 Treatment	喷药机型 Spraying machine	药剂组合 Reagent combinationt	药剂用量 Dosage of defoliant	水量 Water volume (L/hm²)
T₁	大疆T16无人机(2遍) Dji T16 UAV(2 times)	臻灵+助剂+乙烯利+贝达通+中农大特定药剂(飞防助剂) Z + A +E + B + C(A)	225 g/hm²+900 g/hm²+720 g/hm²+225 mL/hm²+375 mL/hm²	18
T₂	极飞P30无人机(2遍) XAG P30 UAV(2 times)	臻灵+助剂+乙烯利+贝达通+中农大特定药剂(飞防助剂) Z + A +E + B + C(A)	225 g/hm²+900 g/hm²+720 g/hm²+225 mL/hm²+375 mL/hm²	15
T₃	大疆T16无人机(2遍) Dji T16(2 times)	臻灵+助剂+乙烯利 Z + A + E	225 g/hm²+900 g/hm²+750 g/hm²	18
T₄	极飞P30无人机(2遍) XAG P30 UAV(2 times)	臻灵+助剂+乙烯利 Z + A + E	225 g/hm²+900 g/hm²+750 g/hm²	15
T₅	大疆T16无人机(2遍) Dji T16 UAV(2 times)	瑞脱龙+助剂+乙烯利+贝达通 R+A+E+B	225 g/hm²+225 g/hm²+750 g/hm²+225 mL/hm²	18
T₆	大疆T16无人机(2遍) Dji T16 UAV(2 times)	瑞脱龙+助剂+乙烯利 R+A+E	225 g/hm²+225 g/hm²+750 g/hm²	18
T₇(CK)	机车东方红LX2204(1遍DFH LX2204(1 time)	瑞脱龙+助剂+乙烯利 R+A+E	225 g/hm²+225 g/hm²+750 g/hm²	525

处理 Treatment	喷药机型 Spraying machine	药剂组合 Reagent combinationt	药剂用量 Dosage of defoliant	水量 Water volume (L/hm²)
T₁	大疆T16无人机(2遍) Dji T16 UAV(2 times)	臻灵+助剂+乙烯利+贝达通+中农大特定药剂(飞防助剂) Z + A +E + B + C(A)	225 g/hm²+900 g/hm²+720 g/hm²+225 mL/hm²+375 mL/hm²	18
T₂	极飞P30无人机(2遍) XAG P30 UAV(2 times)	臻灵+助剂+乙烯利+贝达通+中农大特定药剂(飞防助剂) Z + A +E + B + C(A)	225 g/hm²+900 g/hm²+720 g/hm²+225 mL/hm²+375 mL/hm²	15
T₃	大疆T16无人机(2遍) Dji T16(2 times)	臻灵+助剂+乙烯利 Z + A + E	225 g/hm²+900 g/hm²+750 g/hm²	18
T₄	极飞P30无人机(2遍) XAG P30 UAV(2 times)	臻灵+助剂+乙烯利 Z + A + E	225 g/hm²+900 g/hm²+750 g/hm²	15
T₅	大疆T16无人机(2遍) Dji T16 UAV(2 times)	瑞脱龙+助剂+乙烯利+贝达通 R+A+E+B	225 g/hm²+225 g/hm²+750 g/hm²+225 mL/hm²	18
T₆	大疆T16无人机(2遍) Dji T16 UAV(2 times)	瑞脱龙+助剂+乙烯利 R+A+E	225 g/hm²+225 g/hm²+750 g/hm²	18
T₇(CK)	机车东方红LX2204(1遍DFH LX2204(1 time)	瑞脱龙+助剂+乙烯利 R+A+E	225 g/hm²+225 g/hm²+750 g/hm²	525

处理 Treatments	铃重 Boll weight (g)	单株铃数 Number of bolls per plant	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Seed yield (kg/hm²)	籽棉增产率 Seed yield increase (%)	皮棉产量 Lint yield (kg/hm²)	皮棉增产率 Lint yield increase (%)
T₁	4.42^bc	8.61^a	42.26^ab	6 864.26^a	24.08	2 900.83^a	22.66
T₂	4.65^ab	8.27^a	41.91^ab	6 946.17^a	25.56	2 911.14^a	22.94
T₃	4.50^abc	7.30^bc	40.74^b	5 926.76^b	7.13	2 414.56^b	2.03
T₄	4.43^bc	8.05^ab	41.11^ab	6 437.66^ab	16.37	2 646.52^ab	12.01
T₅	4.64^ab	8.27^a	41.43^ab	6 927.19^a	25.22	2 870.39^a	21.40
T₆	4.3816^c	7.88^ab	42.48^a	6 218.55^ab	12.41	2 641.95^ab	11.72
T₇(CK)	4.69^a	6.54^c	42.77^a	5 531.91^b	0	2 366.18^b	0

Effects of different spraying machinery and pesticide combination on the defoliation,the ripeness,yield and quality of cotton

不同喷药机械与药剂组合对棉花脱叶催熟效果及产量和品质的影响

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Figures/Tables 7

References 25

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处理 Treatments	纤维上半部平均长度 Upper half mean length (mm)	长度整齐度指数 Uniformity index (%)	马克隆值 Micronaire	断裂比强度 Breaking tenacity (CN/tex)	断裂伸长率 Breaking elongation (%)
T₁	28.88^b	84.30^ab	3.95^a	32.75^ab	6.75^ab
T₂	29.21^ab	83.30^c	4.09^a	32.25^bc	6.67^c
T₃	29.79^a	84.73^a	3.87^a	31.55^c	6.80^a
T₄	29.88^a	84.93^a	3.53^a	33.85^a	6.70^c
T₅	29.46^ab	84.53^ab	3.65^a	31.50^c	6.80^ab
T₆	29.33^ab	84.80^a	3.75^a	31.53^c	6.75^ab
T₇(CK)	29.40^ab	85.20^a	4.01^a	33.20^ab	6.90^a

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