Abstract: [Objective] Rice spikelet rot disease (RSRD),in the past,also known as glume blight,valley blight,smut,rice spike brown rot disease,brown panicle and so on,is a spike period disease that is caused by a variety of fungi dominated by Fusarium proliferatum.Sometimes it happens in the four major rice producing zones in Xinjiang and the incidence rate is generally in the range of 5; to 20;.[Method] The occurrence and damage of the disease was effectively controlled by using resistant varieties,adjusting heading date,and preventing and curing agents.[Result] The main infection source of this disease was identified as Fusariumtenuis.In addition,the secondary infection source of this disease was identified as Curvularialunata and Altemariatenuis.[Conclusion]The best solution to prevention and control the disease is to plant resistant cultivars.Using wettable powder of 50; prochlorazisoprothiolane (1,500 times liquid) and missible oil of 25 ; prochloraz (1,600 times liquid) as well as other insecticides to prevent and control during 5-7 days before rice heading date by foliar spraying,can significantly reduce the occurrence of this disease.

摘要： [目的]稻穗腐病(Rice spikelet rot disease),有称颖枯病、谷枯病、黑穗病、穗褐变病、褐变穗等,是由镰刀菌(Fusarium proliferatum)为主的多种真菌引起的穗期病害.在新疆水稻四大主产区时有发生,发病率在5; ～20;.研究新疆水稻穗腐病发生规律、为害特点等,为有针对性的防治该病提供科学依据.[方法]采用抗病品种、调整抽穗期、药剂防控等措施,可有效地控制该病的发生为害.[结果]经鉴定该病的侵染源主要为层出镰刀菌(Fusarium proliferatum),次要为新月弯孢菌(Curvularia lunata)和细交链孢菌(Alternaria tenuis).[结论]防治该病的最佳方案是种植抗病品种,防治上在水稻始穗前5～7d,采用50;米鲜.稻瘟灵可湿性粉剂(1 500倍液)和25;米酰胺乳油(1 600倍液)等药剂叶面喷雾防治,可有效预防该病的发生.