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Geographical Distribution of High - Molecular - Weight Glutenin Subunits and Characterization of a New High - Molecular - Weight Glutenin Subu nit of Winter Wheat Landraces (Triticum aestivum L.)in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous District of China
CONG Hua;Tatsuya M. Ikeda;Kanenori Takata;Mikiko Yanaka;Hiroshi Fujimaki;Tsukasa Nagamine
2011, 48(9):
1576-1584.
[ Objective and Method ] We studied the regional distribution of high - molecular - weight glutenin subunit ( HMW - GS) alleles ( Glu - 1 ) in common wheat landraces with winter habit in the northern,the eastern and the southern regions in the Xinjiang - Uygur Autonomous District (Xinjiang) in China.[ Result] The investigation of regional differences in allele frequencies of the three loci affecting HMW -GS revealed that regional differences were not statistically significant for the Glu -B1 locus,but significant for the Glu -A1 and Glu -D1 loci.As for the Glu -A1 locus,the allele frequency of Glu -A1c encoding the null subunit was the highest,followed by Glu -Alb encoding the subunit 2 * throughout the district,but in the northern region,all cultivars harbored Glu -Alc except only one cultivar with Glu -A1b.At the Glu -B1 locus,most of Xinjiang landraces had Glu - B1 b encoding the subunit pair 7 + 8.At the Glu - D1 locus,the recently identified allele Glu - D1bp (t) encoding the subunit pair 2.6 + 12 was distributed in higher frequencies in the eastern and the southern regions but less frequent in the northern region.Its frequencies were 17;,91; and 66; in northern,eastern and southern regions,respectively.In the southern region,the majority of landraces had Glu- D1 bp (t) throughout the region.In the northern region,however,the majority (83;) of the allele was Glu -D1a encoding the subunit pair 2 + 12.Regarding to the origin of Glu -D1bp (t),the new allele might appear by a spontaneous mutation and become a major allele by a bottleneck effect caused by the afterward occurring desertification in the southern and the eastern regions,and a few cultivars were thought to be spread to the northern region,but landraces with this allele to be not transferred to East Asia.[ Conclusion ] Based on the comparison of amino acid sequences deduced from DNA sequence,we found that the subunit 2.6 encoded by Glu- D1bp (t) had very high similarity with the subunit 2.2 * encoded by Glu - D1 al.
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