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20 February 2018, Volume 55 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Study on Protein Quality and Starch Pasting Characteristic of Spring Wheat in Xinjiang LU Jing, LIANG Xiao-dong, ZENG Chao-wu, LI Jian-jiang, ZHOU An-ding, ZHANG Xin-zhong, HUANG Tian-rong, CAO Jun-mei, GAO Yong-hong, LIU Lian-zheng, WU Xin-yuan 2018, 55(2): 197-209.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1584KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study variations in protein quality and starch pasting characteristic of spring wheat in different ecological districts in the hope of providing valid information for wheat variety improvement and making full use of ecological dominance to plant high quality wheat.【Method】Eight spring wheat varieties of three quality types were planted in 17 experimental sites in Xinjiang to measure the protein quality and starch quality index and the characteristics of protein quality and starch gelatinization of different quality types of spring wheat in different ecological types of Xinjiang were studied by variance and cluster analysis.【Result】All parameters of seed quality, dough rheological properties and starch pasting characteristic displayed significant or very significant difference in different genotypes and environments, other quality characters also showed significant difference in different genotype and environment; the seed protein content and Zeleny of 3 different type varieties had significant difference, and strong gluten variety had a better performance; the wet gluten content between strong gluten variety and medium-weak gluten variety had no significant difference, but it had significant difference between medium-strong gluten and strong gluten variety; the dough rheological properties had different difference in different gluten type variety, other parameters had significant difference in 3 gluten types variety besides water absorption; the difference analysis results of starch pasting characteristic in different gluten type variety showed that final viscosity, the resuscitation value and peak time had significant difference in 3 gluten types variety, and the order of average value was medium-weak gluten type ＞ strong gluten type ＞medium-strong gluten type; the peak viscosity, breakdown, and peak time between strong gluten variety and medium-weak gluten variety had no significant difference, but it had significant difference between strong gluten and medium-weak gluten variety; the results of cluster analysis indicated the strong gluten spring wheat variety was suitable to be planted in Qitai, Hutubi, Luntai and Hami; the medium-strong gluten spring wheat variety was suitable to be planted in Turpan, Tacheng's 164th regiment farm, Yanqi, Gongliu, Tacheng, Wenquan and arid land of Jibuku town in Qitai; the medium-weak gluten spring wheat variety was suitable to be planted in Zhaosu, Balikun, Altay, Qinghe, Xinyuan and irrigation land of Jibuku town of Qitai.【Conclusion】The seed quality, dough rheological properties and starch pasting characteristics of spring wheat in Xinjiang were significantly different in genotype and environment. The quality of strong gluten type variety was better than those of the medium-strong and medium-weak types; the cluster analysis results showed that the strong gluten and medium-strong gluten type spring wheat variety was suitable to be planted in Hami-Turpan-Changji-Bazhou-Yining-Bole area along the Tianshan Mountain fringe; The medium-weak gluten type spring wheat variety was suitable to be planted in Zhaosu, Balikun, Altay, Qinghe, Xinyuan and irrigation land in Jibuku town of Qitai.

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Effects of Post-Anthesis High Temperature Stress on Starch Synthesis and Activities of Related Enzymes in Wheat Grain ZHAO Yun, LI Peng-bing, TANG Dong-mei, LIN Jing, FENG Kuan, LI Wei-hua 2018, 55(2): 210-218.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1637KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this project aims to explore the effects of post-anthesis high temperature on starch synthesis and related enzyme activities in wheat grain and provide a theoretical basis for breeding wheat varieties with high temperature tolerance and response to adversity stress.【Method】Xinjiang main cultivar Xinchun 11 was used as the experimental material and the starch content and related enzyme activity in different grain stages were measured at 5-8 d after anthesis.【Result】Post-anthesis high temperature treatment significantly reduced the contents of total starch, amylose and amylopectin and their accumulation rate, and the accumulation rate of total starch and amylopectin showed a single peak curve, while the amylose accumulation rate showed a downward trend and a gradual increase and then a downward trend. The activities of sucrose synthase (SS), soluble starch synthase (SSS), and starch branching enzyme (SBE) in wheat grain in different grain stages were significantly lower than those in the control by post-anthesis high temperature treatment but the difference was not significant. Correlation analysis showed that SS, SSS and SBE activities were significantly correlated with total starch content and amylopectin content during the late filling stage.【Conclusion】High temperature stress significantly reduced the activity of enzymes related to starch synthesis in wheat grain and further affected the starch accumulation in wheat grain. Therefore, in the process of wheat production, it is particularly important to take precautions against high temperatures.

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Study on Water Consumption Rules in Irrigation Rice under Film in Northern Xinjiang HOU Jian-wei, ZHANG Xin-jiang, ZHANG Jun, MENG Chao-ran, ZHANG Hao-yu, WEI Chang-zhou 2018, 55(2): 219-229.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1200KB) ( )   【Objective】 Water scarcity is a worldwide concern. Rice is the most water-intensive crop. Rice drip irrigation technology has significant effect both on water-saving and high yield, which shows wide application prospect in water resources conservation in northern China. The membrane drip irrigation rice is in the experimental stage recently, the law of water consumption is not clear. 【Method】In this paper, we set the lower limit of soil water content in the field as the field water holding capacity of 90% and 70% of the irrigation limit, and continuously monitored the water evaporation, transpiration and leakage of rice during the whole growth period. The water consumption of drip irrigation rice under film was analyzed, and the optimal irrigation system suitable for the whole growth period of rice under film drip irrigation was summarized.【Result】The result showed that: (1). The irrigation amount in three irrigation treatments was 1303.5 mm, 853.1 mm and 659.0 mm, The period of maximum water consumption of drip irrigation rice was at jointing and booting stage, and the period of maximum daily water consumption and water consumption ratio coefficient was also at jointing and booting stage. (2). The yield of rice was higher under high irrigation amount, but there was no significant difference between the 90% field and 80% irrigation lower limit treatment, and the water use efficiency was 80% > 90% > 70%.【Conclusion】The optimum irrigation scheme in each rice growth period in Xinjiang is: seedling stage 82.7 mm, tillering stage 196.5 mm, jointing stage 213.3 mm, heading to spring flowering period 155.6 mm, grain filling stage 265.2 mm and ripening stage 111.1 mm, the whole growth period Irrigation is 1,026.4 mm.

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Verification of the Effectiveness of CRISPR/Cas9 Vectors Targeting to Processing Tomato eIF4E1 FU Zi-mei, YUAN Lun, SHAO Dong-nan, HAO Xiao-jun, CUI Bai-ming, XIANG Ben-chun 2018, 55(2): 230-237.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1468KB) ( )   【Objective】 To verify the effectiveness of eIF4E1 gene vector constructed based on CRISPR/Cas9 system for targeted genome editing processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and to provide technical support for the application of CRISPR/Cas9 system in the cultivation of PVY resistant plants.【Method】Constructing a CRISPR/Cas9 system expression vector targeting to the elF4E1 gene of tomato eukaryotic translation initiation factor, the tomato plants were transiently transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens infiltration method. The DNA sequences around the target sites of the transformed plants were amplified by PCR and digested with Hae III, the bands that had not been successfully digested were recovered and ligated with pGEM-T vector for monoclonal sequencing.【Result】An alignment analysis of the 9 cloned sequences revealed that mutations occurred at 6-8 bp upstream of the PAM (protospacer adjacent motifs), and they were all single-base substitutions, resulting in the replacement of a single amino acid in the polypeptide chain.【Conclusion】In this study, the vector constructed by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system can specifically target the tomato eIF4E1 gene, which has laid the foundation for the subsequent use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to knock out the eIF4E1 gene and obtain the tomato breeding materials against PVY virus.

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CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Editing the Whole Leaf Gene of Muskmelon in Xinjiang WANG Dan, WANG Xu-hui, GAO Xing-wang, LI Guan 2018, 55(2): 238-245.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1240KB) ( )   【Objective】 A local variety called Xinjiang old man melon was used as the research material. The entire leaf gene of Xinjiang melon was edited and the knockout vector of CRISPR / Cas9 of Xinjiang melon entire leaf gene constructed. After that, the the maximum tolerance to hygromycin in the muskmelons was analyzed in the hope of laying a foundation for the study of the function of muskmelon cleavage gene in Xinjiang. 【Method】Based on the previous study of entire leaf gene PLL in the melon and melon genomic data, the specific target site of exon of PLL gene was designed, and the CRISPR/Cas9 knockout vector of melon entire leaf gene PLL was constructed Then, the vector was transformed into Escherichia coli and sequenced and the tolerance of melon to hygromycin analyzed.【Result】A 20 bp target site was selected for the exon of the whole leaf gene PLL, and the sgRNA frame was designed according to the target site, and attached it to the CRISPR/Cas9 knockout vector, then the vector was successfully transformed into Escherichia coli. Melons could tolerate the maximum concentration of hygromycin at 10 mg/L.【Conclusion】The knockout vector of melon entire leaf gene PLL was successfully constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli, which analyzed the maximum concentration of cantaloupe tolerance to hygromycin. This has laid a foundation for further study on the function of PLL gene in muskmelon leaves of Xinjiang by using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique.

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Identification of S-genotypes of Native Pear Cultivars in Xinjiang ZHANG Xiao-li, XU Ye-ting, Aishajiang Maimaiti, XU Juan, DENG Li, WANG Ji-xun 2018, 55(2): 246-252.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1170KB) ( )   【Objective】 To provide theoretical basis for the selection of pollinated varieties and genetic improvement of Korla pear by classifying and studying the S genotypes of 9 native pear varieties in Xinjiang.【Method】A specific primer was designed to amplify the genomic DNA of 9 native pear varieties in Xinjiang, including PCR amplification, fragment recovery, cloning, sequencing, and the analysis of each sequence by bioinformatics software.【Result】The S-genotypes of the seven cultivars were identified as follows: Hesejujuli S28S4, Luntaijujuli S28S4, Hesejujuli:S28S4,Luntaijujuli:S28S4,Huochengdonghuangli:S28S1,Bayueli:S28S4,Kuerlehuangsuanli:S22S35,Jujuli:S28S4,Kuikeamute1hao:S36S34S22.One gene was identified as S8Sx and another gene as S28Sx in Keteamute Pear and Qipanli Pear, respectively.【Conclusion】It has enriched the s-genotypes information of pear cultivars in China and provided a certain guidance gist for high yield cultivation and genetic improvement of Korla pear.

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Effects of Different Fruit Bags with Different Materials on Hami Melon Microenvironment and Quality WU Hai-bo, HU Guo-zhi, REN Hai-long, WANG Guang-zhi, XIONG Tao, CHEN Ji-hao, FENG Jiong-xin 2018, 55(2): 253-261.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1499KB) ( )   【Objective】 The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of different fruit bags with different materials on the microenvironment and fruit quality of Hami melon in the hope of providing guidance for field production.【Method】The fruit bagging experiment of Hami melon was carried out by using "Huangpi 9818" melon variety under the field drip irrigation mode as control and using four kinds of fruit bags with different materials, such as white paper bag, sulphuric acid paper bag, plastic film bag and coated paper bag. The microenvironment in different fruit bags and their effects on the appearance and nutritional quality of Hami melon were also determined.【Result】The results showed that the microenvironment temperature and light of Hami melon were lower than those of CK after bagging. Except plastic film bag, all other fruit bags could effectively prevent the fruit sunburn. However, there was no significant difference in the contents of total acid, protein, hydrolytic reducing sugar and vitamin C in the nutritional quality of Hami melon treated by bagging.【Conclusion】Under the condition of open field cultivation of Hami melon, film paper bag was the ideal fruit bag, the average fruit weight per fruit was 1.52 kg, the commodity rate was 82.80%, the fruit surface was bright and clean, and the net grain was fine. Besides, there are fewer water spots in the fruit.

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Principal Component Analysis of Fruit Quality of Different Pomegranate Varieties in Xinjiang YANG Lei,JIN Juan,FAN Ding-yu,ZHAO Guo-qing,YANG Hong-shun,HAO Qing 2018, 55(2): 262-268.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1072KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to provide theoretical references for comprehensive fruit quality evaluation of different pomegranates in Xinjiang.【Method】Six pomegranate cultivars were used as the tested materials to determinate the content of soluble solids, soluble sugar, titratable acid, and VC. The fruit quality of different pomegranate varieties was comprehensively evaluated by using principal components analysis.【Result】Results showed that there are some differences in fruit quality among different pomegranate varieties, and the soluble solids content of 'Yechengdazitianshiliu' was the highest (17.9%±0.6%); 'Kashisuanshiliu' had the lowest soluble solids content (14.9%±0.5%); 'Yechengtianshilu' had the highest titratable acid content (2.19%±0.38%); there were no significant differences among 'Yechengsuanshiliu', 'Kashitianshiliu' and 'Kashisuanshiliu' in titratable acid content. The soluble sugar content of 'Yechengtianshiliu' was (17.9%±0.6%), which was significantly higher than those of other five pomegranate cultivars; 'Piyamanshiliu' had the highest vitamin C content [(28.3±1.1) mg/100 g], which was significantly higher than those of other pomegranate cultivars.【Conclusion】Through principal component analysis, we concluded that 'Yechengdazitianshiliu' had the best fruit quality, followed by 'Yechengtianshilu', 'Piyamanshiliu' and 'Yechengsuanshiliu' and 'Kashisuanshiliu'.

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Screening of Wild Jujube Germplasm Resources Salt-Resistant Root Stock FENG Yi-feng, WU Cui-yun, ZHOU Xiao-feng, GUO Xue-fei, WANG Yan 2018, 55(2): 269-276.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1093KB) ( )   【Objective】 This paper aims to comprehensively evaluate the salt-alkali tolerance of root tiller seedlings of different jujube plants under the same saline-alkali conditions in the hope of providing reference value for breeding and popularizing saline-alkali tolerant rootstocks of red jujube in southern Xinjiang.【Method】A total of 150 jujube seedlings which had been bred by root tillering were used as test materials, and were irrigated with mixed saline-alkali solution with concentration of 0.6% for 30 days to observe the appearance of root tiller seedling of different strains of jujube under mixed saline-alkali solution stress, and to determine the content of chlorophyll and osmotic regulator in leaves of different strains of jujube.【Result】Under mixed saline-alkali stress, there were significant differences in seedling height, root length, fresh weight per plant and leaf physiology, but there was no significant difference in stem diameter. There was no significant difference in leaf chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and MDA content between tiller seedling of different jujube roots and mixed saline-alkali solution of the same concentration. There was no significant difference between the content of Pro and the content of chlorophyll, soluble sugar and soluble protein.【Conclusion】According to the comprehensive evaluation results of membership function, the jujube root tillers of different strains were sorted, the order of salt-alkaline resistance was S10 > S9 > S1 > S3 > S6, and S10 was the most salt-tolerant material, so its mother plant can be propagated through asexual propagation and promoted.

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Study on Exogenous Gene Flow from Transgenic Bt Cry1Ac Cotton LI Hai-qiang, LI Hao-bin, WANG Dong-mei, WANG Fei, DING Rui-feng, PAN Hong-sheng, Ahtam Uwayis, LIU Jian 2018, 55(2): 277-284.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1318KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the extraneous gene drift rule of BT Cry1Ac transgenic cotton and provide the basis for ecological safety evaluation of transgenic cotton, we carried out this study in Turpan and Korla for two years.【Method】Transgenic cotton was planted in the plot experiment, and the drift distance of exogenous gene was detected by using Kanamycin resistance detection combined with molecular detection the following year.【Result】These results showed that either the source of SGK321 or GK19, the exogenous gene Cry1Ac could be detected from 1-120 m. The maximum drift rate of SGK321 seed drift rate was 1 m from the edge of the transgenic cotton area in the south direction, and the drift rate was 5%. GK19 drift rate was biggest to the west up to 10.09%. So, based on direction and distance factors, Cry1Ac gene drift Logistic regression forecast model was built, and these results showed that the direction and distance of seed drift had a significant effect (P< 0.05), however, direction and distance could not ultimately determine the extraneous gene drift rate.【Conclusion】The extraneous gene drift rate of transgenic cotton was affected by direction and distance, but it was not the result of the combination of direction and distance that ultimately determined the extraneous gene drift rate.

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Electrophysiological responses of the Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky) to 10 volatiles of cotton and maize ZHANG Zhi-Hu, GUO Dan-Dan, CHEN Jing, HAN Xiao-Qiang 2018, 55(2): 285-292.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1096KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen plant volatiles with biological activity against Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky) adults.【Method】The volatile compounds of cotton and maize were identified and quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The electroantennogram (EAG) technique was used to determine the electrophysiological responses of the female and male Monolepta hieroglyphica to 10 volatiles.【Result】The response of M. hieroglyphica male to Tricyclo, Dragosantol, α-Pinene, Myrcene, 3-Carene, 1,3-Butadiene, Palmitic acid were relatively obvious. The response of M. hieroglyphica female to 10 kinds of volatile with part concentration was relatively obvious.【Conclusion】The response of M. hieroglyphica males to 3-Carene is the most sensitive, the response of M. hieroglyphica females to Dragosantol is the most sensitive.

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Distribution of Four Kinds of Pathogens for Cotton Disease Based on PCR in Northern Xinjiang Sajidamu Aizezi, ZHAO Zhi-qiang, Aziguli Abulizi,Mayinuer Mijiti, GUO Qing-yuan 2018, 55(2): 293-303.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1340KB) ( )   【Objective】 The objective of this project aims to make clear the distribution of the main pathogenic bacteria of cotton in northern Xinjiang and provide data for the establishment of cotton database, thus providing a basis for the effective prevention and control of diseases. 【Method】Four cotton main root and stem disease samples were collected from wide fields in 9 specimen collection areas of northern Xinjiang, using the pathogens specific primers of the 4 kind of main diseases (fusarium wilt, damping off, verticillium wilt red and rot) to carry out PCR detection of the diseases samples collected from northern Xinjiang. 【Result】The 4 kinds of pathogens were detected widely or more generally in the mixed samples from the 72 villages (or companies) of 9 specimen collection areas, but there were bigger difference in the detection rate among each pathogen. Among them, the detection rate of Fusarium oxysporum was higher, at 84.72%; and Rhizoctonia solani was the second, at 56.94%; while the detection rates of the Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium moniliforme were relatively low, at 45.83% and 37.50% respectively. 【Conclusion】These results showed that: F. oxysporum and fusarium wilt caused by it are the most common in all sampling areas, followed by R. solani and the disease caused by it. The two kinds of pathogens and the diseases caused by them are distributed in most villages in each sampling area; Verticillium dahliae and Verticillium dahliae are distributed in all sampling areas and nearly half of the villages. But, the distribution of F. moniliforme and red rot caused by it are not widely distributed, with obvious regional characteristics. Only higher frequency distribution is found in a few specimen collection areas.

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Identification of Pathogenic Fungi of Fruit Trees Canker in Karamay and Screening of Antagonistic Bacteria NIU Chun-lin, YE Xiao-yun, Aini, WANG Zhen-hua, RE Ei-han, JIANG Guo-yong, GAO Yan, SONG Su-qin, CHU Min 2018, 55(2): 304-311.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1541KB) ( )   【Objective】 To improve the biological control efficiency of fruit tree canker in Karamay.【Method】The diseased and soil samples were collected from the infected plants of apple tree and plum tree rot disease of Populus Karamayi. The pathogenic bacteria and their antagonistic bacteria were screened. Additionally, the molecular identification of microorganism and the analysis of antagonistic effect were carried out.【Result】The research showed that the pathogen of apple tree and plum tree rot was both of the genus Valsaa, in which the pathogen of plum tree is related to two species of this genus: Valsa mali and Valsa leucostoma; Valsa mali and Valsa leucostoma led to the plum tree canker, Valsa mali led to the apple tree canker, respectively. 15 antagonistic isolates against the fungi were screened and classified in 9 species of 4 genera. Particularly, 2 strains displayed high antagonistic activity. The maximum colony inhibition ratio was 2.11 and 2.79, respectively, and microscopic characteristics of the edge mycelia of Valsa Mali around inhibition zone by B6 and B4 indicated that there were significant differences between the two strains in killing fungi.【Conclusion】The pathogen of plum tree canker was reported for the first time. Meanwhile, it provided the basis and material for efficient biological control to fruit trees canker.

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Therapeutic Effect of American Periplaneta Powder on the Diarrhea Mice WANG Qiao-li,WANG Jun-gang,SHEN Hong,ZHANG Yu-dong,YAN Wen-jing 2018, 55(2): 312-318.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1078KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the curative effect of American periplaneta powder on diarrhea rate, dilute stool rate, body weight, feed intake and water drinking consumption in diarrhea mice.【Method】A diarrhea model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 0.02 mL/g 3 × 108 cfu/mL Escherichia coli suspension (5 d), then different doses of periplaneta powder were added to the mice feed for 10 days treatment. The body weight, feed intake, water drinking amount and the number of diarrhea mice in 2 hours were measured at 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, 9 d, 11 d, 13 d and 15 d, respectively.【Result】Dilute stool rate and diarrhea rate were increased gradually in model group, high, middle and low dose group compared with the blank group for 1 d to 5 d, and after 3 to 5 days, the body weight, feed intake and water drinking amount of the model group, the high, middle and low dose groups were significantly different (P＜0.05). During 6 to 15 d, compared with the model group, dilute stool rate and diarrhea rate were decreased gradually in model group, high, middle and low dose group and there was significant difference in body weight in 7 d or 11 d and in water drinking amount in 9 d (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in body weight, water and feed intake in the high dose group on the 13 th day (P< 0.05), and significant differences in water drinking amount (P< 0.05) in the high dose group on the 15th day. 【Conclusion】The additive of American periplaneta powder in the mice feed could significantly reduce diarrhea rate and dilute stool rate, and increase the body weight. In terms of feed and water intake of diarrhea mice, the high dose group was significantly higher than the medium or low dose group.

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Simulation and Validation of Coupled Water-heat Transfer in the Grey Dessert Soil in Different Water Temperatures during Surface Drip Irrigation JI Heng-ying, LI Pan, FU Yan-bo, FENG Yao-zu 2018, 55(2): 319-327.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1464KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the influence of water and heat conditions of different irrigation water on soil water and heat conditions under drip irrigation conditions so as to establish the mathematical model of water and heat transfer of surface drip irrigation according to the fundamental equations of water thermal motion of soil.【Method】Orthogonal experiments were conducted to design different drip irrigation water temperature levels and their combinations, 40 treatments in total. The mathematical model set with HYDRUS-1D software was applied to solve the numerical results, which were compared with the indoor measured data.【Result】The simulation equations of soil moisture content and pressure head of Xinjiang gray desert soil were established: (1) 公式; (2) eln0.328 9Q－0.063 81.560 5 (h<0), Soil hydraulic parameters and thermal characteristic parameters were determined.【Conclusion】The soil water and thermal environment conditions for crop growth under the surface drip irrigation condition can be predicted with this mathematical model. In addition, both numerical simulation values and measured results indicate that low (10 ℃) and high (30 ℃) water temperature have great influences on soil surface under surface drip irrigation condition, and a certain increase of irrigation water temperature in early spring is beneficial to the growth of crops in the seedling stage.

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Effects of Different Organic Materials on the Forms of Selenium and the Absorption of Selenium in Wheat LUO Ding-xiang, YE Jun, HOU Zhen-an, AN Jun-mei, BAI Jiao 2018, 55(2): 328-336.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1414KB) ( )   【Objective】 To improve the effectiveness of organic selenium in selenium-enriched soil. 【Method】Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different organic materials (biological humic acid, source humic acid and chicken manure) on the transformation of selenium in soil and the selenium absorption of wheat.【Result】The results showed that both biological humic acid and source humic significantly decreased soil pH. With the prolongation of application time, soluble selenium and exchangeable selenium in chicken manure and source humic acid-treated soil increased significantly compared with the control. The biochemical humic acid treatment significantly increased exchangeable selenium content, but there was no significant difference in soil soluble selenium content. Application of chicken manure and source humic acid significantly increased the selenium enrichment coefficient of wheat grain, while biochemical humic acid mainly increased the root enrichment coefficient. The selenium content of chicken manure and the source humic acid wheat grain was increased by 34.48% and 27.59% respectively compared with the control. 【Conclusion】Application of chicken manure and source humic acid could increase soluble selenium and exchangeable selenium content in calcareous and selenium-rich soils, thus increasing selenium content in wheat grains.

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Spatial Distribution of Soil Organic Matter Content Based on Hyperspectral Index NDI QI Ya-qin, ZHANG Xian-feng, ZHANG Li-fu, Lu Xin, ZHANG Ze, CHEN Jian, LI Xin-wei, WANG Fei, PENG Kui 2018, 55(2): 337-343.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1357KB) ( )   【Objective】 To make the spectral prediction value of the main nutrient content information of the soil more intuitive, spatial and scientific, the spatial distribution of soil nutrients in farmland can be obtained, evaluated and scientifically managed in the future. 【Method】In this paper, the ordinary Kriging Krigingof ArcGIS 9.3 was used. The soil sample points in small area and large scale experimental area were interpolated by organic matter inversion method. The soil organic matter content measured by laboratory chemistry was compared with the predicted value of hyperspectral model by Kriging interpolation mapping. The difference of spatial distribution between the measured value and the predicted value of soil organic matter content was further analyzed.【Result】According to the spatial distribution of soil organic matter content after interpolation from small area test area to large scale strip plot, there is a good similarity between the spectral prediction value (based on normalized spectral index NDI [495,485] prediction) and the measured value of soil organic matter content, and the effect of prediction was better.【Conclusion】The results showed that the suitable scale of the basic management unit of farmland zoning could be determined by mapping the spatial distribution of soil organic matter content information, and the division of precision management of farmland nutrient zoning in the future would be carried out. The scientific balanced fertilization scheme is put forward, which provides technical and theoretical support for the exploration of precision agriculture management, rapid soil nutrient detection and precision fertilization, which are suitable for Xinjiang and Xinjiang Production and Construction Coprs in the future.

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Research on Pregermination Techniques of Auricularia auricula in Plastic Bag in Xinjiang Oasis Ecological Region JIA Pei-song, LUO Ying, Wang Zhen-jin, Li Ya-ya, LI Zhi-fang, JIA Wen-jie, NURZIYA·Yarmamat, HAO Jing-zhe, WEI Peng 2018, 55(2): 344-351.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1448KB) ( )   【Objective】 To develop an effective pregermination method of inducing ear bud in plastic bag culture of Auricularia auricular, and to provide theoretical basis and technical support for cultivation of Auricularia auricular.【Method】A comparative experiment was conducted on different covers and ventilation methods of mushroom bags in bacteria bed by using the method of perforated ear and concentrated germination.【Result】The germination rate of the active ventilation and moisturizing method was the highest, which was 93.28%. The germination rate was high in the case of natural ventilation and good humidity, which was over 80%. However, the sprouting rate was the worst in poor ventilation but good humidity condition, which was below 45%, and the pollution rate and the degree of burning bacteria were high.【Conclusion】Humidity, temperature and ventilation affect the pregermination effect of Auricularia auricula in plastic bags. The good ventilation could improve the germination rate and uniformity obviously and reduce the pollution rate and burning degree under the suitable temperature and humidity conditions.

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Spatial-temporal Distribution of NPP and Its Climatic Driving Factors in the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountain GAO Jun, YIN Xiao-jun, WANG Chuan-jian, ZHANG Ya 2018, 55(2): 352-361.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1574KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the spatial and temporal pattern of the net primary productivity (NPP) in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain, analyze the relationship between NPP and climate factors and provide scientific basis for rational exploitation, utilization and management of natural resources there.【Method】The CASA model was used to estimate the NPP of vegetation in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain in 2015 and its spatial and temporal variation characteristics of the year were analyzed. In addition, the correlation between NPP and climate factors was analyzed by using the correlation analysis method.【Result】(1) In 2015, The total NPP of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain was 34.57 TgC/a, with an average of 173.34 gC/(m2·a). The NPP in central and western regions accounted for 82.25%, which was the main supply area, and the average value of NPP in the mountainous region was the highest. (2) The NPP of different vegetation types was different, in the forestland, cultivated land, grassland and unused land, they were 534.47 gC/(m2·a), 333.47 gC/(m2·a), 174.20 gC/(m2·a) and 124.18 gC/(m2·a) respectively. (3) The total fluctuation range of vegetation NPP was between 0.29-3.00 TgC/mon in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain, and in June it reached the maximum of the whole year, which was 7.39 TgC/mon. Grassland NPP had the largest fluctuation amplitude with seasons, while woodland had the smallest one. The seasonal variation of NPP was summer > spring > autumn > winter. (4) The influence of temperature on different vegetation types in northern slope of Tianshan Mountain was greater than that of precipitation. 66.06% of NPP changes were driven by climate factors, mainly concentrating in the central and western regions of the northern slope of the Tianshan mountains. The impacts of non climatic factors accounted for 33.94%, mainly concentrating in the east midlands in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain.【Conclusion】The NPP of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountain shows a trend of "west high and east low", different vegetation trends vary with the seasons, and the temperature is the main influencing factor of the change of vegetation NPP in the northern slope.

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Research on Land Use/Cover Change and Water Consumption in Typical Irrigation Areas of Inland River Basin in Arid Region WANG Yang, AN Sha-zhou 2018, 55(2): 362-370.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1447KB) ( )   【Objective】 Taking Aksu River Irrigation area as an example, this paper focuses on the relationship between land use/cover change and water consumption in inland river basin in arid area, and provides scientific basis for land resource development and protection in arid areas.【Method】Based on the land use/cover classification data derived from the Landsat TM imageries in 2000 and 2014, using GIS technology and land use models, combined with irrigation water and soil moisture, this paper analyzed the relationship between land use/cover change and the water consumption of cultivated land expansion in the past 15 years in the irrigated area of Aksu River.【Result】The results showed that the land use change was obvious in Aksu River Basin irrigation area. The cultivated land area increased at a rate of 159.8 km2/year, which was especially obvious in the Tarim River irrigated area. With the increase of cultivated land area, the water consumption of irrigated area increased obviously, and the soil moisture decreased. The shallow-root desert plants would die due to the drought stress. The middle and low coverage grassland area decreased significantly, causing the risk of desertification in the peripheral area of the irrigated area of Aksu River.【Conclusion】Under the background of global warming, the continuous expansion of cultivated land area is the main reason leading to the increase of water consumption in the irrigation area of Aksu River Basin.

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The Impact of Various Biotin Levels on Adipogenetic Relevant Gene Transcription and Expression of 3T3-L1 Adipocytes LUO Cheng-long,SHAO Wei,REN Wan-ping,ZHAO Yan-kun,WANG Dong-hai,YU Xiong 2018, 55(2): 371-378.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1603KB) ( )   【Objective】 In this study, the purpose is to induce 3T3-L1 cells to differentiate into 3T3-L1 adipocytes and to study the effects of various biotin levels on the transcription and expression of adipose synthase related genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.【Method】3T3-L1 cells were induced to differentiate into 3T3-L1 adipocytes by triplex induction. When 3T3-L1 adipocytes were dense, they were treated by 0 μmol/L biotin (control group), 0.2, 0.5 and 1 μmol/L The relative expression of competitive PKmRNA, GLUT-4 mRNA, FAS mRNA and ACC1 mRNA in cell supernatant was detected at 12h, 24h and 48h, respectively.【Result】Results showed that when the test time was 12 h: GLUT-4 mRNA, PK mRNA and ACC1 mRNA relative expression quantity of experimental groups was significantly (P＜0.01) higher than that of control group, FAS mRNA relative expression quantities of 0.5 μmol/L group and 1 μmol/L group were significantly (P＜0.01) higher than that of control group. When the test time was 24 h: GLUT-4 mRNA and PK mRNA relative expression quantity of 1 μmol/L group was significantly (P＜0.05) higher than that of control group, ACC1 mRNA relative expression quantity of 1 μmol/L group was extremely significantly higher (P＜0.01) than that of control group,ACC1 mRNA relative expression quantity of 0.2 μmol/L group and 0.5 μmol/L group was significantly higher (P＜0.05) than that of control group. When the test time was 48 h, GLUT-4 mRNA relative expression quantity of 1 μmol/L group was significantly (P＜0.05) lower than that of control group, PK mRNA relative expression quantity of 1 μmol/L group was extremely significantly (P＜0.01) higher than that of control group, FAS mRNA relative expression quantity of 0.5 μmol/L group was significantly (P＜0.05) higher than that of 1 μmol/L group, FAS mRNA relative expression quantity of 1 μmol/L group was significantly (P＜0.05) higher than that of control group, ACC1 mRNA relative expression quantity of 1 μmol/L group was extremely significantly (P＜0.01) higher than that of other groups.【Conclusion】The addition of biotin can inhibit the adipogenesis through promoting the relative expression of GLUT-4, PK, FAS and ACC1 mRNA in adipocytes. Moreover, when the concentration is equal to 1 μmol/L, the effect is optimal to GLUT-4, PK and ACC1 mRNA, and when the concentration is equal to 0.5 μmol/L, the effect is optimal to FAS mRNA.

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Comparison of Drug Resistance of Different Parts of Pigs Carrying Staphylococcus in Different Growth Stages in Yanqi County of Xinjiang Mamuer Akemuhan, Kuerbannaimu Kadier, YAO Xiao-hui, WANG Shu-feng, WANG Kai, XIA Li-ning 2018, 55(2): 379-382.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (1646KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to compare the resistance of staphylococcus in the nasal cavity and rectum of pigs with different growth periods in a pig farm in Yanqi, Xinjiang. 【Method】The susceptibility test of 11 antimicrobial agents to staphylococcus isolated from different parts was carried out by broth microdilution method.【Result】Result: 332 strains of rectal bacteria (83%, 332/400) and 137 strains of nasal bacteria (68.5%, 137/200) were isolated. The resistance rate of 2 month piglet rectal bacteria to tetracycline, oxacillin, ofloxacin, rifampicin and penicillin was higher than that of the nasal bacteria; the resistance rate of nasal bacteria to florfenicol was significantly higher than that of the rectal bacteria (P < 0.01). The resistance rates to clindamycin, rifampicin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in pregnancy were remarkably higher than those in nasal bacteria (P <0.01). The resistance rate of nasal bacteria to tetracycline, oxacillin and ceftifura was significantly higher than that of rectal bacteria (P< 0.01), and the resistance rate to penicillin was significantly higher than that of rectal bacteria (P< 0.05). The resistance rates of rectal piglets to gentamicin, clindamycin, oxacillin and ceftiofur were significantly higher than that of the pregnant pigs (P <0.05). The resistance to rifampicin and amoxicillin / clavulanic acid was only slightly higher than that of piglet rectal bacteria. The drug resistance rate of the piglet nasal bacteria to tetracycline, clindamycin and florfenicol was significantly higher than that of the pregnant porcine nasal bacteria (P< 0.01). Pregnancy swine bacteria resistant to ceftiofur was significantly higher than pup source bacteria (P< 0.01). All the isolates were sensitive to amikacin.【Conclusion】The drug resistance of staphylococcus isolated from the pig farm is serious and the drug resistance of the rectal bacteria is more serious. In order to improve the survival rate and fertility rate of piglets, it is suggested that the clinical medication in the pig farm be treated in time on the basis of the result of drug sensitivity test.