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20 August 2019, Volume 56 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Molecular Detection of Five Dwarf Genes in 117 Wheat Germplasm Resources CHEN Xiang-dong, WU Xiao-jun, HU Xi-gui, LI Gan, JIANG Xiao-ling, LI Xiao-hui, LI Xiao-li, HU Tie-zhu, RU Zhen-gang 2019, 56(8): 1373-1381.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1312KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze the distribution of dwarf genes in wheat cultivars from main wheat producing areas of China and to screen dwarf genes with yield potential.【Method】117 wheat germplasm Resources were detected by five molecular markers of dwarf genes.【Result】The results showed that among 117 germplasm materials, the distribution frequency of dwarf gene was Rht 8 (68, 58.1%) > Rht-B1b (56, 47.9%) > Rht-D1b (46, 39.3%) > Rht 9 (18, 15.4%) > Rht 13 (14, 12.0%). 37.8% of germplasms contained two dwarf genes. 21.4% of the germplasms carried three or more genes at the same time, of which, 12.8% carried Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b and Rht-8 genes. In addition, the five dwarf genes were not detected in 15 germplasms (12.8%).【Conclusion】These results provide theoretical basis and material support for wheat breeding in China.

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Analysis and Evaluation of the Heat Resistance of Maize Inbred Lines at Grain Filling Stage LI Ming-dong, LIANG Xiao-ling, Abulaiti·Abula, HAN Deng-xu, YANG Jie, XI Hao-jiang, SHANG Jia-xin, TENG Yuan-xu, YANG Xin-jun, LI Zhao-feng, WANG Ye-jian 2019, 56(8): 1382-1387.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (989KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to screen out self-intersection lines of corn with strong heat resistance at grain filling stage. 【Methods】Compared with natural growth at 7 days after anthesis, the changes of yield characters of 10 Xinjiang backbone maize inbred lines treated with high temperature treatment in glass greenhouse were analyzed. The heat resistance of the tested materials was evaluated by combining yield thermal stability analysis with 1,000-grain weight thermal sensitivity index.【Result】 The result showed that high temperature stress reduced grain yield, 1,000-kernel weight and volume weight, and the reduction of yield mainly attributed to the decrease of 1,000-kernel weight. LX9801, PH6WC, PHB1M, Hai014 and Wu314 displayed well thermal stability under heat-stress and normal environments, among these maize inbred lines PH6WC had the higher yield. Cultivars with heat susceptibility of 1,000-kernel weight (SKGW) <1 in this study were 502, KW4M029, PH6WC, PHB1M and Hai 014. Based on the combination of both yield thermal stability and heat susceptibility of 1,000-kernel weight index, PH6WC and PHB1M were characterized with excellent high resistance to heat stress, the next was Hai 014. Wu 314 had well yield thermal stability and high 1,000-kernel weight under both normal and heat stress environments, which could be used as a heat resistance breeding parent. 【Conclusion】 The decrease of 1,000-grain weight under heat stress at grain filling stage is the main reason for the decrease of maize inbred line yield. Jiuhe 6929 has higher 1,000-kernel weight under both environments, which can be used as a heat resistance germplasm resource.

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Drought Tolerance Identification and Evaluation of 26Maize Inbred Lines under Natural Drought Condition in Xinjiang YANG Jie, HAN Deng-xu, WANG Ye-jian, LI Ming-dong, XI Hao-jiang, Abulaiti Abula, LIANG Xiao-ling 2019, 56(8): 1388-1396.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1142KB) ( )   【Objective】 The main agronomic characters, grain yield, drought tolerance index and drought tolerance coefficient of 26 maize inbred lines in common use in China were analyzed by drought tolerance index method. 【Result】 The results showed that high temperature in the atmosphere and soil water shortage during the flowering period of maize would lead to decreased pollen viability, poor fertilization and seed setting, and serious yield reduction. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficient between main traits and grain yield was drought tolerance index > panicle length > ASI > line grain number > bald tip length > panicle line number. Among them, drought tolerance index, panicle position, panicle length, plant height, ASI value and row grain number were positively correlated with grain yield. Bald tip length was negatively correlated with grain yield. Among the 26 inbred lines, 11 inbred lines with strong drought tolerance accounted for 42.31%. 7 of them had medium drought tolerance, and 26.92% of them had medium drought tolerance. Eight materials with poor drought tolerance accounted for 30.77%.

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Changes of Root Morphology and Its Relationship with Mineral Elements in Different Soil Depths of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) DOU Hai-tao, LEI Chang-ying, LI Xia-fei, JIA Meng-meng, XIANG Dao, ZHANG Ya-li, ZHANG Wang-feng 2019, 56(8): 1397-1407.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1894KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the changes of cotton root morphology and the response to mineral elements in different soil depths and analyze the regulation of mineral elements on root morphology in the hope of providing theoretical support for the construction of reasonable cotton root configuration. 【Method】 The root length, root surface area, root volume, root biomass, root nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,calcium, magnesium and sulfur of 37 cotton varieties were tested, and according to the formula, the specific root length, specific root area, root volume and root density were calculated. Finally, the regulation and control relationship between mineral elements and root morphology was studied. 【Result】In 0 - 10 cm soil, due to the action of nitrogen, the specific root length, specific root area and specific root volume increased, and the growth of root density was slightly inhibited. In 10-20 cm soil, nitrogen promoted the specific root length, increased the specific root area, and inhibited the growth of root density and the increase of specific root volume. In 20-30 cm soil, the effect of nitrogen on root length, specific root area and root density was not obvious, but the contrastive root volume showed a negative correlation. Nitrogen showed a positive correlation with root length, specific root area, specific root volume, and root density in 30-50 cm soil. In the soil of 50-60 cm, there was a negative correlation between root length, specific root area, and specific root volume and root density. Principal component analysis showed that the correlation between the first principal component and nitrogen element, specific root length, specific root area, and specific volume was higher. The second principal component was more correlated with root density, and the third principal component was mainly related to phosphorus. The correlation between potassium and potassium was high. In addition, the correlation between the phosphorus and potassium elements was higher than that of the first main component, and the correlation between the nitrogen element and the third main component was high. 【Conclusion】 Under different soil depths, the root length, specific root area and specific root volume gradually increased, and the nitrogen content per unit mass root decreased continuously. The root morphological traits were mainly regulated by nitrogen, and the phosphoric and potassium elements had little effect on the regulation of root morphological traits.

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Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rates on the Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of the Machine-picked Cotton Field in Southern Xinjiang LIN Tao, WU Feng-quan, CHEN Chun-fan, ER Chen, CHEN Li-jun, TANG Qiu-xiang 2019, 56(8): 1408-1417.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1073KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of dry matter accumulation, yield and water and fertilizer utilization on cotton under the suitable supply of water and nitrogen in machine-picked cotton area of southern Xinjiang. 【Method】 In this experiment, two factors: different irrigation quantities (2,250, 3,450 and 4,650 m3/hm2) and different N application rates (0, 300, 600 kg/hm2) were set in the machine-picked cotton field in Aksu area of southern Xinjiang to analyze the growth in different treatments, the accumulation of dry matter and the water and fertilizer production efficiency 【Result】The results showed that increasing N application rate promotes flowering boll of cotton, in that dry matter accumulation and post-flower contribution rate, both the irrigation amount and the nitrogen application rate, one of which was too high or too low, could affect the rapid accumulation of the dry matter of the cotton and the contribution rate of the dry matter after flowering. The rate of dry matter accumulation was accelerated at the amount 3,450 m3/hm2 and N application rate of 300 kg/hm2, which was conducive to the rapid dry matter accumulation; Cotton yield and water use efficiency also increased with the increase of irrigation amount, and when the irrigation quantity increased from 3,450 m3/hm2 to 4,650 m3/hm2, the increase of seed cotton yield reduced. When the irrigation quantity was 3,450 m3/hm2, with the increase of N application rate, the cotton yield would increase at first and then dropped later. When N application was N2, the maximum cotton yield was 7,153.08 kg/hm2. 【Conclusion】 In conclusion, cotton dry matter accumulation, yield and water use efficiency increased with the increase of N application rate under the different irrigation quantities, but the impact of N application rate would be reduced with the increase of irrigation water, therefore, the 3,450 m3/hm2 irrigation quantity, fertilization rate (pure N) for 300 kg/hm2 could effectively improve the cotton yield and water use efficiency in southern Xinjiang machine-picked cotton field.

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The Matter Accumulation and Its Response to Temperature during Cotton Fiber Development at the Top of Cotton Plants ZHAO Bao-gai, TIAN Jing-shan, SUI Long-long, LI Pei-song, XIANG Dao, ZHANG Wang-feng 2019, 56(8): 1418-1427.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1559KB) ( )   【Objective】 To research the characteristics of matter accumulation under different sowing conditions of 7, 8 branch's cottonseed and fiber, analyze the effect of temperature change on the matter distribution of seed cotton and the relationship between cotton fiber development and temperature of upper fruit shoot after sowing by stages in the hope of providing the theoretical basis for determining sowing date and the time of spraying defoliant and improving the quality of cotton fiber. 【Method】Field experiments were carried out at Wulanwusu agricultural meteorological test station between the years 2017 and 2018.The sowing date of field production (April 12) was taken as the control, four sowing dates were set in two years, the accumulation characteristics of cottonseed and fiber and the quality of cotton fiber were measured with boll age. 【Result】 Under the normal sowing date with MDT of 23.8℃ and effective accumulated temperature of 456.8℃ at ≥ 15℃ within 50 days after anthesis, the rapid accumulation periods of dry matter of single grain cotton fiber in the upper fruit branch of Xinluzao 59 and 64 was between 22 - 40 d and 18 - 36 d during the boll stage, respectively. Under the condition that MDT decreased by 0.3℃ and effective accumulated temperature ≥ 15℃ decreased by 17.5℃, the average accumulation rate of dry matter of Xinluzao 64 single grain cotton fiber increased and the theoretical maximum accumulation increased obviously. In the process of fiber matter accumulation, the average temperature difference had a very significant effect on the rapid accumulation period of single fiber material; there was anisotropy between fiber and cottonseed, and the anisotropy decreased with the decrease of boll MDT; MDT was 23.0℃. Under the condition of late sowing at 20.8℃, the fiber development of cottonseed of Xinluzhong 82, an early and medium maturing variety, showed better adaptability. 【Conclusion】Cotton fiber development is more sensitive to temperature drop in boll stage, which is mainly reflected in the significant decrease of dry matter accumulation rate in middle and late boll stage. The allometric growth between fiber and cottonseed decreased with the decrease of boll MDT. The average daily temperature difference in boll period determined the length of rapid accumulation period of dry matter. The early and medium ripening variety Xinluzhong 82 has better precocity and is suitable for planting in the cotton area of northern Xinjiang.

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Analysis of the Heterosis and Combining Ability of Main Traits for Early Maturing Upland Cotton LIU Li, KONG Xian-hui, WANG Xu-wen, WANG Juan, YU Yu 2019, 56(8): 1428-1437.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1030KB) ( )   【Objective】 Xinjiang is the largest region with the area of cotton planting in China. This study aims to screen out the excellent parents and high heterotic combination of home-bred in the hope of laying a foundation for the breeding of new cotton varieties in Xinjiang. 【Method】 17 parents of early maturing upland cotton from different sources were selected and 66 hybrid combinations were obtained according to NC II design of the incomplete diallel cross (6×11). The heterosis and combining ability of F1 yield and fiber quality were analyzed by 3 repeated experiments in random block group.【Result】 The result showed that, there were significant or extremely significant differences in general combining ability (GCA) and special combining ability (SCA) of 17 parents. Both broad sense heritability and narrow sense heritability were relatively low, but the broad sense heritability of plant height was up to 74.28%, and the narrow sense heritability was up to 51.5%, followed by the lint percentage and micronaire value. The heterosis of seed cotton yield was an average of 5.49%, 11.77% and 8.97% over competitive control, the mid-parent and high-parent, respectively. The number of fruit branches, lint percent and lint index which were related to yield traits showed obvious positive dominance in mid-parent heterosis and heterobeltiosis. At the same time, the number of fruit branches, cottonseed yield, lint percentage, 100-grain weight, lint index and micronaire value were the positive in competitive advantages. The parent with the best GCA were B3 (23-90), B4 (42-34), A4 (h1-4), A6 (Huiyuan 1403) , A9 (Xinnong early 112) in yield and B1 (125-1), B3 (23-90), A5 (h7-143) , A8 (Tianyun 1133) in quality. 【Conclusion】 It can be seen that the parents with plant height, lint percentage and micronaire value were selected by F1 generation, and the heterosis of seed cotton yield was the highest. From the character of yield and quality it can be concluded that these combinations have great utilization potential, including A1 × B5 (10-101×72-47), A3 × B1 (48-33 ×125-1), A4× B1 (H1-4× 125-1), A8×B1 (Tianyun1133 ×125-1).

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Risk Assessment of Cotton Sterile-Type Chilling Injury WEN Xin-xin, HAN Zhong-ling, CHENG Yong-xiang, WANG Xiu-zhen 2019, 56(8): 1438-1448.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1925KB) ( )   【Objective】 To realize the fine risk assessment of obstacle chilling injury of cotton in Xinjiang in the hope of providing scientific basis for avoiding chilling injury of cotton in Xinjiang.【Method】 Based on the daily data of 66 agricultural meteorological stations in Xinjiang from 1951 to 2015, the LTN AVG data of MODLT1M China 1KM surface temperature synthetic products from 2000 to 2016 were analyzed and used, and the daily average temperature ≤20℃ for 3 consecutive days was used as the determination index of cotton obstacle chilling injury. Based on the existing conceptual model of chilling injury risk assessment index, the indices of chilling injury intensity and frequency were calculated. By increasing the intensity and frequency of secondary chilling damage to the annual chilling damage intensity and the annual frequency of chilling damage, the comprehensive cold damage risk index was constructed, and the relationship between the original loose chilling damage frequency and intensity was highlighted on the basis of the stability of the function relation between the two. By determining the annual frequency grade of cold damage to correspond to the intensity grade of cold damage year, the objective division of each critical threshold of cold damage risk index was realized. By using the method of geographic factor normalization plus trend surface and temperature trend surface correction, the risk index of cotton chilling injury in Xinjiang was calculated accurately. The risk grade classification and risk index calculation results were closely combined to realize the risk assessment of cotton chilling injury in Xinjiang.【Result】 The risk of obstructed chilling injury of cotton in Xinjiang was higher in northern Xinjiang than in southern Xinjiang and eastern Xinjiang, and increased gradually in western Xinjiang along the Tangshan Mountains. The results proved that there was no significant difference between the model simulation chilling injury risk index value and the measured calculated value of the site, and the linear fitting R2 of the scatter diagram of the two was 0.97, so the research results were accurate. 【Conclusion】 The evaluation method constructed in this study can achieve objective evaluation of the risk of obstacle type chilling injury of cotton in Xinjiang, and the methodology constructed is applicable not only to cotton, but also to other crops' risk assessment of chilling injury.

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Effects of Cottonseed Meal on Saline-alkali Soil Improvement and Cotton Yield SHI Jiao-hua, CHEN Kuan, WANG Xiao-li, MA Hong-xiu, WANG Kai-yong 2019, 56(8): 1449-1458.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1369KB) ( )   【Objective】 To solve the problem that soil salinization is becoming more and more serious in Xinjiang, which leads to the continuous decrease of crop yield. 【Method】Field control experiments were conducted at the Test Station of Agricultural College of Shihezi University with cotton as the experimental material. Cottonseed meal was designed to be applied in different salinized and alkalized soils. By sampling and investigating the physical and chemical properties of soil at different growth stages, combined with cotton yield, this paper provided support for exploring how to improve saline-alkali soil and increase crop yield. 【Result】The results showed that: By applying cotton aphid treatment, soil bulk density, pH and EC could be effectively reduced, leading to the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties. The bulk density of surface moderately salinized soil decreased by 16.1%. 16.1%, and the pH of mild and severely alkalized soil were obviously decreased. The decrease of EC in salinized soil was more obvious than that in alkalized soil, the soil cations decreased to varying degrees, and cotton yield increased effectively. 【Conclusion】Cottonseed meal had obvious effect on saline-alkali soil improvement. The bulk density, pH, EC and exchangeable cations of salinized soil could be reduced by adding cotton meal, thus effectively improving soil physical and chemical properties. The effects of cottonseed meal on saline-alkali soil were different. The improvement measures of cottonseed meal on saline-alkali soil were to reduce soil EC, and the improvement measures for alkali soil were to reduce soil pH. Through principal component analysis and correlation analysis, high soil pH and EC in saline-alkali soil were the main reasons for inhibiting cotton yield. Adding cottonseed meal could alleviate the damage to cotton under saline-alkali stress and improve cotton yield.

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Estimation of Leaf Color Value, Leaf Nitrogen Content and Yield of Cotton Based on Variety and Nitrogen Fertilizer YIN Cai-xia, ZHANG Ze, SU Wei, NAN Xiao-qin, TAN Hong, LÜ Xin 2019, 56(8): 1459-1468.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1624KB) ( )   【Objective】 To determine the changes of cotton leaf color and leaf nitrogen content in different growth stages, to study the correlation between leaf color, leaf nitrogen content and yield, and to estimate the yield based on cotton leaf color and leaf nitrogen content.【Methods】Four nitrogen application levels were set up with Xinluzao 45, Xinluzao 58, Xinluo 62, Xinluzao 50 and Lumian 24 as materials: N0 (no nitrogen control), N1 (120 kg/hm2), N2 (240 kg/hm2), N3 (360 kg/hm2) and two factors completely randomized block design was used, a total of 20 treatments, repeated 3 times.【Result】(1)The results showed that the leaf color value changed during the whole growth period to the boll opening stage > the boll stage > the flowering boll stage > the bud stage > the squaring stage, and the leaf nitrogen content changed during the whole growth period to the flowering boll stage > the boll stage > the boll opening stage > the squaring > the bud stage; (2)There was a linear positive correlation among leaf color value, leaf nitrogen content and yield of cotton. Among them, cotton leaf color value and leaf nitrogen R2 reached 0.37**, leaf color value and yield R2 reached 0.56**, and leaf nitrogen content and yield R2 reached 0.61**. (3)Through the response characteristics of yield to leaf color value and leaf nitrogen content, cotton production could be realized based on the two. The yield estimation equation was Y=363.48-65. 175×S+274.079×N, and R2 was up to 0.69 (S refers to leaf color value, N refers to leaf nitrogen content, Y refers to yield).【Conclusion】 The yield of each cotton variety was the highest under N3 treatment, and the cotton yield estimation was realized by leaf color value and leaf nitrogen content, which was a more accurate method than other methods in cotton yield measurement.

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Effects of Different LED Light Supplementation on Growth, Development and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Tomato in Solar Greenhouses MA Yan, YU Chen, WANG Rui, CHEN Yi-fei, Tuerxunnayi Reyimujiang, MA Cai-wen, SONG Yu 2019, 56(8): 1469-1475.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1168KB) ( )   【Objective】 By analyzing the effects of LED light supplementation on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of tomato, the optimal LED light supplementation time of tomatoes in the winter season in Xinjiang was clarified. 【Method】Taking tomato as the research material, based on the time of exposure of solar greenhouse insulation, the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, fruit quality and yield of tomato were compared with different LED light supplementation time. 【Result】After the heat was covered, the fact that the light was supplemented 2 h/4 h, 4 h/2 h, 6 h/0 h, 4 h/0 h was beneficial to the plant height and stem diameter (4 h/2 h) growth; after the heat was covered, the photosynthetic characteristics of the leaves treated with 4 h/2 h and 6h/0h were significantly enhanced. The yield of tomato fruit was significantly higher than that of the control. The content of VC and lycopene in tomato fruit was the best after 6 h/0 h and 4 h/0 h. 【Conclusion】 Comphrehensively considering the factors such as the growth of the tomato, the dry weight of the plant, the photosynthetic characteristics, the quality and the yield of the fruit, etc. the heat retention and the light supplementation for 4-6 h were suitable in the winter greenhouses in the surrounding area of Urumqi, Xinjiang.

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Soil Fertility Evaluation of Orchards in Southern of Xinjiang Based on GIS LAI Ning, CHEN Shu-huang, FU Yan-bo, HUANG Jian, GENG Qing-long 2019, 56(8): 1476-1486.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1819KB) ( )   【Objective】 The objective of this study is to explore the status of soil fertility of walnut and jujube orchards in Wensu County in the hope of providing a reference for the scientific fertilization and the improvement of cultivated land fertility. 【Method】The soil salt content, organic matter, total N, hydrolyzed N, available P, available K, available Zn, available Mn, available Cu, available B, available Fe, soil texture and texture form were selected as evaluation indexes to estimate the soil fertility of walnut and jujube orchards in Wensu County, and hierarchy process, Delphi method and fuzzy mathematical membership function model were applied to carry out comprehensive analysis. 【Result】The soil fertility level of walnut orchards and jujube orchards in Wensu County was mainly concentrated in medium and low fertility areas. In walnut orchards, the area of medium fertility accounted for 45.65%, the area of low fertility accounted for 35.57%, and the area of very low fertility accounted for 11.91%. In jujube orchards the area of low fertility accounted for 46.55%, the area of medium fertility accounted for 44.35%, and the area of very low fertility accounted for 6.29%. 【Conclusion】The soil fertility level of the two types orchards was medium and low level,the organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc and manganese might be the obstacle factors of the improvement of soil fertility in walnut and jujube orchards in Wensu County. So, it was strongly suggested that the soil fertility of the soil should be increased, the organic matter content of the soil should be increased, the application of the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer should be paid attention to, and the trace element manganese fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer should be applied.

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Fruit Growth and Development Dynamics and Quality Analysis of Corylus heterophylla×C.avellana WANG Qi, SONG Feng-hui, SHI Yan-jiang, LUO Da, LIAO Kang, SONG Zi-jun 2019, 56(8): 1487-1494.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1670KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the developmental dynamics of hazelnut fruits of Pingyou hybrid in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the optimal cultivation of hazelnut in Xinjiang. 【Method】Three diameters, single fruit fresh weight and nut fresh weight, shell thickness and fruit cavity coefficient were observed during the fruit development by taking Dawei, uzhui, Pingyou 110, Pingyou 15 and Liaozhen 3 as experimental materials. 【Result】The three-diameter per fruit, dry fruit quality and kernel of hazelnut increased gradually until the fruit got ripe on August 19. The fresh weight of hazelnut increased slowly before June 10, and increased rapidly from June 10 to July 10, and then slowed down. The single fruit of Dawei and Pingyou 110 was large, but the coefficients of cavity of Pingyou 110 were 0, 70 and the thickness of the shell was 1.71. The coefficients of cavity of Dawei and Yuzhui were 0.78 and 0.81, respectively and their kernels were full and their shells were thin. 【Conclusion】The three-diameter of fruit showed a single "S" growth curve, while the fresh fruit showed a "slow-fast-slow" growth trend. Among the five varieties of Pingou hybrid hazelnut, 'Dawei' has the largest single fruit, fuller kernels, thinner shell and the best quality.

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Isolation and Molecular Biological Identification of Putrefactive Bacteria in Sensory Abnormal Tomato Ketchup and Apricot Sauce Bakhetgul Manatbay, SHI Lu, LI Xiao-yan, SU Huan, ZHANG Xue-ni, FANG Fang, JIANG Gang-qiang 2019, 56(8): 1495-1501.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1274KB) ( )   【Objective】 The molecular biology method was used for quick identification of bacteria in ketchup and apricot sauce with abnormal sensory abnormalities in Xinjiang. 【Method】 The spoilage bacteria in sensory abnormal ketchup and apricot sauce were cultured by gradient dilution method under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. And then the isolated strains were identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree. 【Result】 The results showed that among 9 strains of bacteria were obtained. Among them, 5 strains in the ketchup were: Bacillus methylotrophicus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus warneri, Bacillus licheniformis, Enterococcus faecium and the 4 strains of bacteria in apricot sauce were Staphylococcus pasteuri, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus warneri and Paenibacillus cookii strain, respectively. The identification result was consistent with the result of biochemical methods. 【Conclusion】 The method is accurate and fast, which can provide basic data for the effective prevention and control of product pollution and guarantee quality safety for tomato sauce and apricot jam production enterprises.

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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rate on Yield, Economic Benefit and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Greenhouse Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) LI Hai-feng, ZHANG Chun-mei, LIU Zhi-gang, GUO Hong-mei, Luerziyeguli Mahemuti, Huxidan Maimaiti 2019, 56(8): 1502-1509.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1078KB) ( )   【Objective】 To find out the optimum nitrogen application rate for greenhouse capsicum in the hope of reducing the input of chemical fertilizer.In order to reduce fertilizer input, finding out the most suitable amount of N fertilizer. 【Method】The study adopted "2+x" test design scheme and analyzed effects of nitrogen fertilizer on greenhouse pepper growth, yield, economic benefits and nitrogen use efficiency based on conventional and optimized fertilization. 【Result】The results showed that comprehensive characters of growth and development, yield and economic benefit of the greenhouse pepper in the nitrogen optimized area were higher than those of other treatments. The result of linear analog showed that the product of pepper and N fertilizer amount had significantly positive relationship. When the nitrogen application amount was 25.9 kg/667m2,the yield reached the maximum value: The N fertilizer contribution rate of the optimized N fertilization dispose was 49.56%;The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer was 150.67 kg/kg; the nitrogen recovery use efficiency was 21.7%, which was the best of all the disposes. In addition, the utilization efficiency increased at first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate and the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer decreased significantly with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rate. 【Conclusion】An appropriate level of nitrogen fertilizer can promote the normal growth and development of pepper, obtained high yield and high income, and exerted the best efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer.

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Effect of Sodium Selenite (Na2SeO3) on Fruiting Body Growth, Adenosine and Cordycepin of Functional Components in Medical Edible Fungus of Cordyceps militaris MA Mai-yan, ZHANG Xiang-feng, MA Zheng-hai, JIAO Zi-wei 2019, 56(8): 1510-1517.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1116KB) ( )   【Objective】 Selenium, as one of the essential trace elements in human body, is dispensable for organism's metabolism. Crodyceps militaris, resembling to Cordyceps sinensis, is an edible and medical fungus which has good selenium enrichment ability. In view of some differences in the biological characteristics of Crodyceps militaris in different regions, it is of great significance both in theory and in application for the further research on the development of natural selenium-rich Crodyceps militaris. 【Methods】In this project, local species of Crodyceps militaris in Xinjiang was used as se-carrier, the effects of different concentrations of sodium selenite treatment on the growth, yield, biological conversion rate, total selenium and its functional components adenosine and the content of Crodyceps militaris were systematically analyzed by using the flask planting method. 【Result】 Treatment 1 (with a selenium concentration of 20 mg/L) and Treatment 2 (with a selenium concentration of 40 mg/L) had no effects on the growth of mycelium, stroma, fruiting body length, fresh weight, dry weight and biological transformation rate, compared with control group, while the total selenium content, functional component adenosine and cordycepin content was significantly increased; From Treatment 3 (60 mg/L selenium) to Treatment 7 (200 mg/L selenium), the growth of fruiting body and stroma was suppressed, and the fruiting body length, fresh and dry weight, biological transformation rate were significantly decreased compared with control group(P<0.05), and with the increase of selenium concentration, the suppression increased as well; The total selenium content in fruiting body also declined and adenosine and cordycepin content decreased gradually. 【Conclusion】Sodium selenite could be used as exogenous selenium for enriched selenium Crodyceps militaris cultivation, and the pure selenium concentration of 20-40 mg/L displayed the best performance, which could provide theoretical basis and technical support for large-scale cultivation of selenium enriched Crodyceps militaris in Yili area or even in the whole Xinjiang region.

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Study on the Seductive Effects of Ethyl Ester Volatiles and Attractants on Rhagoletis batava Hering ZHU Jian-mei, LU Yan, LI Lan-jie, Adili Shataer, Wula Bieke, JIN Ge-si 2019, 56(8): 1518-1526.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1116KB) ( )   【Objective】 The seductive effects of volatiles and attractants from six different ethyl ester sources on Rhagoletis batava Hering were studied in order to provide scientific basis for dynamic monitoring of Rhagoletis batava Hering populations and pollution-free control. 【Method】Volatiles from different ethyl ester and attractants of Rhagoletis batava Hering were used for trapping experiments by hanging a yellow armyworm board in the field. 【Result】Single factor analysis of variance showed that the seductive effects of volatiles and attractants from six different ethyl ester on the adults of Rhagoletis batava Hering were different in the field. The attractants with yellow sticky insect board had the best effect, with an average trapping capacity of 18.33 sticky insect boards per sheet, which was significantly different from other carriers (P < 0.01); The yellow armyworm plate combining attractants had the longer retention time and the average trapping numbers in each period compared with the yellow armyworm plate used alone, the number of trapping was mainly concentrated in the first 4 days; the suspension density was the best with 40 traps per 667 m2 . The effects of different ethyl ester volatiles and inducers on the insect trap of Rhagoletis batava Hering was the sequence as follows: Rhagoletis batava Hering inducer＞RDKS＞Ethyl laurate = Ethyl myristate = Ethyl palmitate = Attractant BDH.【Conclusion】A botanical volatile, RDKS, was screened,which had a strong seductive effect on both sexes adults of Rhagoletis batava Hering, the attractants combined with the yellow armyworm plate had good effects and can be used as a dynamic monitoring and non-chemical control method for Rhagoletis batava Hering.

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Studyon Eco-environmental Factors and Growth of Seedlings Habitats of Haloxylon ammodendron in the Southeastern Margin of Junggar Basin SU Ling, WANG Ze, LUO Yan-li, MA Hao, REN Cai, ZHANG Ling-wei, TONG Bo-kai 2019, 56(8): 1527-1534.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1317KB) ( )   【Objective】 The characteristics of eco-environmental factors, individual growth and physiological under seedlings habitats of Haloxylon ammodendron in the southeastern margin of Junggar Basin were explored and the adaptation of seedlings to habitat conditions was analyzed comprehensively in the hope of providing provide a scientific basis for the ecological conservation of the plant. 【Method】The characteristics and differences of light intensities, soil temperature, soil moisture, individual growth and physiological under different seedlings habitats were researched by the method of field monitoring and laboratory analysis. 【Result】 (1) The trend of surface light intensities rose first and then decreased under seedlings habitats of A and B in the growing season, and the crest value appeared in July, which was 78,500 lx and 82,000 lx, respectively, while, the highest soil surface temperature appeared in August, which was 46.28℃ and 47.60℃, respectively, and continued to decrease with the increase of soil depth. (2) The scarcity period of soil water was July and August, and the soil moisture content ranged from 0 to 1.88% and 0 to 1.72%, respectively, and continued to increase with the increase of soil depth. (3) The plant seedling height and ground diameter in the habitat area A and B showed an increasing trend, while the crown width and shoot length increased at first and then decreased and then increased. (4) From the extremely drought July to August, the chlorophyll SPAD values of assimilation branches decreased from 18.37 and 16.05 to 9.27 and 10.03, respectively.【Conclusion】The variation of ecological factors in seedling habitat area has obvious seasonality. The surface light intensity, surface soil temperature and soil moisture status of growth season area A and B were beneficial to the growth of H. ammodendron seedlings, but the seedling growth status of habitat area A was better than that of habitat area B.

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The Recent Advances in Research on Carpel and Related Functional Genes in Angiosperm Yang Jing, Wang Wei-ran, Zhu Jia-hui, Ning Xin-min, Liu Zhi-qing, Kong jie, Alifu Aierxi 2019, 56(8): 1535-1543.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1220KB) ( )   【Objective】 Carpel is an important female organ in flowering plants, and it as a focus was researched in crop plants development. The origin of the carpel development, the function and development of the carpel, the quantity heredity of carpel and the adjust of hormone, and the gene to control of the carpel development, then the result were summarized the research progress on recent advances in china and abroad. The aim to as a guide for improvement the multi-carpel variety in crop. 【Methods】 The research progress of plant carpels that from the literature databases of china and abroad, then was consulted and analyzed. 【Result】 At present, there have two theories about the origin of carpel: one the theory of carpel and another theory of reproductive leaf; the carpel can protects ovules, receives pollen and makes some egg cells to fertilize, save and disseminates seeds; the development process of carpel is usually folded and curled at the internal space in the organs of flowers, in which the ovules are wrapped and developed. The number of carpels is increase was steady. hormone have important function and effect the carpels development. Genes play an important role in regulating the number and development of carpel. 【Conclusion】As the key of pistil development in angiosperms, carpel is very important for the formation of yield traits. In the future, the study of carpel should focus on the whole process of carpel development. It is a feasible way to identify the functional genes regulating the number and development of carpel as soon as possible, and to breed multi-carpel, high-yield and high-quality varieties through gene improvement.

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Effects of Warm-up Intensity on Heart Rate Variability and 1,000 m Race Performance of Yili Horses ZAHNG Kai-li, MENG Jun, WANG Jiang-wen, ZENG Ya-qi, KONG Qi-sen, YAO Xin-kui, HUANG Jing-jing, REN Xiang, GE Shi-meng 2019, 56(8): 1544-1551.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1008KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of different warm-up intensities on heart rate variability and 1,000 m speed race performance of Yili horses in the hope of providing a early theoretical basis for the establishment of the best warm-up conditions before the Yili horse race. 【Methods】 Eleven Yili horses were selected as the research subjects. The horse's heart rate stabilized to warm up in the three intervals of 30%-40% HRmax (section A), 40%-50% HRmax (section B) and 50%-60% HRmax (section C), and then the 1,000 m test race was conducted after warm-up. The differences and correlation between heart rate variability (HRV)during warm-up and competition time were analyzed. 【Result】 The results showed that: the best results were achieved after warm-up in section C. At the warm-up in section C, compared with section A, the values of SDNN, RMSSD, LF/HF and SD1 were greatly significantly increased(P<0.01), HF was increased significantly (P<0.05), VLF and LF were significantly reduced (P<0.05); compared with section B, the value of SD1 was greatly significantly increased (P<0.01); the competition time was greatly negatively correlated with SD1 (P<0.01), was greatly positively correlated with LF (P<0.01) and was significantly positively correlated with VLF (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Warm-up can improve the autonomic nerve excitability of the horse. And the parasympathetic nerve activity of the horse was the highest during the warm-up in section C, which was most conducive to the performance of the sport and the best performance of the race.

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Eukaryotic Expression and Purification of Bovine Pregnancy Associated Glycoprotein-9(bPAG9) LIU Chang-bin, SHI Guo-qing, LU Chun-xia 2019, 56(8): 1552-1559.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1273KB) ( )   【Objective】 To construct the eukaryotic expression of proEM-bPAG9 and express it in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. 【Method】The full-length DNA of bPAG9 gene was amplified by PCR and connected with proEM vector by T4 DNA Ligase. The proEM-bPAG9 expression vector was constructed and transfected into HEK293 cells. SDS-PAGE and western blotting were performed to detect the expression of the recombinant bPAG9 (rbPAG9). 【Result】The results showed that the optimized sequence of bPAG9 gene about 1,182 bp was obtained. After amplification and enzymatic digestion, a 1,176 bp fragment and a 4,369 bp fragment were obtained from proEM-bPAG9 expression vector. The enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing showed that the DNA sequence of bPAG9 gene in proEM-bPAG9 expression vector was consistent with the nucleotide sequence optimized sequence of bPAG9 gene. Western-blotting and SDS-PAGE assays indicated that the rbPAG9 with the relative molecular weight of about 68 kDa was successfully expressed in HEK293 cells. The purity of rbPAG9 reached above 90% after purification by Ni2+ column chromatography. 【Conclusion】 In this paper, recombinant bPAG9 (68 kDa) were successfully expressed by gene optimization and eukaryotic expression systems, which laid a foundation for the further study of antibody preparation and dairy cattle early pregnancy diagnosis.

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Study on Classification and Extraction of Agricultural Land in Qitai County of Xinjiang Based on Different Classifiers ZHANG Feng, ZHAO Zhong-guo, LI Gang, CHEN Gang 2019, 56(8): 1560-1568.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.08.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (1877KB) ( )   【Objective】 Classification based on remote sensing image is one of the important contents of remote sensing data application. How to improve the classification accuracy of remote sensing image is the key of remote sensing image research. 【Method】In order to analyze the practical application method and effect of Landsat 8 OLI satellite remote sensing image data for agricultural land classification, this paper takes the southern Qitai County of Xinjiang as the research object, and uses three classifiers, random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and neural network (Neural Net), to conduct a comparative study of agricultural land classification in the study area. 【Result】Through the parameter setting accuracy test of the three classifiers, the accuracy of agricultural land classification is evaluated by using the above three algorithms. In the overall classification accuracy, the support vector machine algorithm (SVM) < random forest algorithm (RF) < neural network algorithm (Neural Net) has the classification accuracy of 90.75%, 94.30% and 94.84%, respectively. 【Conclusion】Neural Net has some advantages over Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest Method (RF) in the overall classification of agricultural land use in this area, and achieves better classification accuracy.