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Gene Cloning and Molecular Characterization of Bursicon Gene in Helicoverpa armigera(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) MA Xingyu, JI Yujie, XUE Yuying, DU Mengfang, WEI Jizhen, YIN Xinming, LIU Xiaoguang, AN Shiheng 2020, 57(4): 589-599.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (2409KB) ( )   【Objective】 Bursicon, a kind of neuropeptitde hormone, consists of heterogenous proteins, and plays an important role in the cuticle development and sclerotization of inscets. This study aims to obtain the cDNA sequence of two subunits of bursicon(α subunit as burs and β subunit as pburs). And we analyzed its molecular characteristics and expression pattern of bursicon of Helicoverpa armigera, in order to provide a foundation for further functional mechanism.【Methods】 The full-length cDNA sequence of bursicon gene was cloned from H. armigera by using bioinformatics and molecular cloning technique. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the amino sequences of burs and pburs of H. armigera respectively compared with other published and known insects of burs and pburs. And cluster analysis was operated with Jones Taylor Thornton (JTT) model of mega7 (7.0.14) software. The developmental expression patterns of two genes were respectively assayed with qRT-PCR.【Results】 We cloned the full-length cDNA sequence of burs (GenBank accession no: AHM0247472.1) and pburs(β subunit) (GenBank accession no: AHM0247473.1) from H. armigera, the α subunit(burs) is 694 bp in length with a 480 bp open reading frame encoding 561 amino acids. Burs relatively highly expressed in day-3 of egg stage, day-1 of the 1st instar larval stage, day-1 of the 3rd-5th instar larval stages, 3rd-4th instar molting stages, day-0, day-3, day-7 of prepupal stages. The pburs is 779 bp in length with a 420 bp open reading frame encoding 139 amino acids. The β subunit (pburs) relatively highly expressed from egg stages to 3rd instar molting stages, day-2 of the 3rd instar larval stage, day-1 of the 4th-5th instar larval stages, day-1 of prepupal stage before adult. In addition, burs and pburs have a higher expression level in the thoracic ganalia of cotton bollworms, the second in the hypopharyngeal ganglia, and the lower in the brain and abdominal ganalia.【Conclusion】 Bursicon has a higher conservation in Lepidoptera, burs and pburs mainly act on the egg stage, instar larva stage, pupa stage and emerging adult stage. Bursicon is mainly synthesized by thoracic ganglia in the larva of cotton bollworm.

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Molecular Characterization and Gene Expression Profile of Bursicon-β Subunit Gene Related to Innate Immune Responses in Larval Fat Body of Helicoverpa armigera JI Yujie, MA Xingyu, SONG Yonghui, DU Mengfang, WEI Jizhen, YIN Xinming, LIU Xiaoguang, AN Shiheng 2020, 57(4): 600-607.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1221KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate whether the Bursicon- β subunit homopolymer protein is involved in the immune function in larval Helicoverpa armigera.【Methods】 Using the strategy of in vitro treatment of peptide hormones and RNAi of live larvae, the Bursicon β-subunit homomeric recombinant protein stored in this experiment was used to treat the Helicoverpa armigera larva fat body tissue in vitro, respectively, 0 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 3 h, and The Bursicon β-subunit dsRNA was injected in vivo. The expression pattern of associated immune genes in Helicoverpa armigera was studied by qRT-PCR.【Results】 When the Bursicon β-subunit homodimer protein treated Helicoverpa armigera larvae fat body tissue in vitro, the immune-related genes cecropin1, cecropin2, cecropin3, attacin, cecropin D, gloverin, defensin, moricin, and lebocin increased rapidly at 0.5 h, and subsequently it returned to the initial level at 1 h.Then there was no significant change at 3 h with the initial transcription level, with the same trend. when the Burs-β subunit dsRNA was injected into the Helicoverpa armigera,there was no significant difference in the transcription level of moricin and the expression levels of other lipid-immunity-related genes were down-regulated.【Conclusion】 The Bursicon- β subunit homopolymer protein can participate in the transcription of immune-related genes in larval of H. armigera.

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Evaluate on the Indoor Control Effect of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae on Helicoverpa armigera YU Jian, CHA Meng, ZHENG Mengjun, LIU Xiaoxia 2020, 57(4): 608-615.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1476KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the lethal effect of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae on the larvae of Helicoverpa armigera under different infection modes.【Methods】 Different concentrations of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae spore suspension were prepared indoors. The third instar larvae of H. armigera were treated by impregnation and feeding methods, and the mortality and body weight were monitored.【Results】 The maximum corrected mortality of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae spore suspension was 63% and 73%, respectively, and that of the digestive tract infection was 38% and 65%, respectively. Compared with the control, the body weight was inhibited to some extent.【Conclusion】 Indoors,both B. bassiana and M. anisopliae showed that the higher the concentration of conidia suspension, the better the lethal efficiency and weight control effect on H. armigera. 4 × 107 spore/mL of M. anisopliae and 1.5 × 108 spore / mL of B. bassiana are the economic and effective concentrations for the control of H. armigera larvae.

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Evaluation of the Safety and Control Effects of Five Insecticides Seed Dressing on Cotton Seedling Aphids TU Xuewei, AN Jingjie, DOU Yanan, GAO Zhanlin, DANG Zhihong, PAN Wenliang, ZHAO Guocun, LI Yaofa 2020, 57(4): 616-622.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (827KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study aims to evaluate the safety of five insecticides in the control of cotton seedlings and control effect to seedling aphids of cotton seed dressing in the hope of obtaining alternative insecticides whose control effects are superior to imidacloprid by the same treatment.【Method】 The authors evaluated the safety of the tested insecticides for cotton seed germination rate and seedling growth at the tested dose (4.20 g/kg seeds) by measuring the indoor germination potential of cotton seeds for 7 days and the field emergence rate for 14 days. In addition, the control effects and their persistence of the tested insecticides at the seedling period were evaluated by field seed dressing method. Finally we compared the spraying and seed dressing method on controlling cotton aphid to see their advantages and disadvantages.【Result】 Under the selected dosage, the results of indoor germination rate and field emergence rate revealed that there was no significant difference between the tested insecticides seed dressing and CK. It showed that 5 insecticides were safe to cotton emergence and seedling growth and the results of field control effects showed all the 5 insecticides could effectively control the population of cotton aphids and there were no significant difference between the treatments until 25 days after cotton sowing. Till 32 days after cotton sowing, the control effects of these insecticides begin to decline rapidly. Among them, 50% pymetrozine WG and 20% clothianidin CF had the highest control effects, but which were only 59.43% and 55.52%. On the 39 days after cotton sowing, only the control effects of 20% clothianidin CF was 51.09%, and the aphids per 100 plants of the remaining treatments were close to or higher than those of the CK. Spraying results showed that 5% acetamidine EC and 10% imidacloprid WP could only control cotton aphids well in 3 days, and the agent needed to be used again 7 days later.【Conclusion】 Compared with spray treatment, seed dressing could protect cotton more effectively and reduce the harm of cotton aphids better. Under the selected dosage, both 20% clothianidin CF and 50% pymetrozine WG all showed better effects on controlling cotton seeding aphids by seed dressing method, which could be used as alternative insecticides for cotton seedling aphids.

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Synergistic effects of Different Auxiliaries on the Control of Cotton Aphid by Matrine CAO Wei, Sawula Te wuhetamaiti, Rehanguli Shataer, XIONG Renci, YAO Yongsheng 2020, 57(4): 623-629.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (716KB) ( )   【Objective】 The objective of this study was to determine the control effect of 0.3% matrine on cotton aphids, and compound it with 8 pesticide adjutants under the condition of matrine reduction, and evaluate its control effect. The types of pesticide additives and the use of technology, to guide farmers to scientifically reduce drugs, rational drug selection, safe drug delivery theory.【Method】 In 2019, 0.3% matrine water agent and 8 kinds of auxiliaries were used in the Aral cotton-growing region. The spraying methods were used to spray-10%+adjuvants, -20%+ adjuvants, -30%+adjuvant as different chemical treatments, and clear water was used as a control. The number of insects was investigated before the drug, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d and 7 d after the drug, and the control effects were analyzed.【Result】 The effect of 0.3% matrine with 200 mL/667m2 on cotton aphid in 59.08%-81.34%, and the decrease rate of pest population was 59.34%-77.47%. The control effect of 0.3% matrine on cotton aphids, and compound it with 8 pesticide adjuvants under the condition of matrine reduction 10%-30% was 37.76%-81.16%, among which the addition of Jijian was the best for cotton aphid, while the treatment with green orange oil was the least effective.【Conclusion】 After the reduction of 0.3% matrine and the Jijian, Sirun and Feng zhan, the control effect on cotton aphid were better than those of the combination of Orange peel oil and Green orange peel oil under the same reduction condition of matrine.

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Predatory Functional Response of Ladybird Beetle, Propylaea quatuordecimpunctata to Aphis gossypii LI Haiqiang, WANG Dongmei, LIU Jian 2020, 57(4): 630-635.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (675KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the effects of feeding Aphis gossypii on the growth and development of predatory functional response of P. quatuordecimpunctata.【Method】 Based on non-transgenic cotton CCRI 49, the functional response and development of different stages of P. quatuordecimpunctata to Aphis gossypii was researched in laboratory.【Result】 The results showed that the average age of the 1st instar larvae of P. quatuordecimpunctata was 1.73 days, the average age of 2nd instar larvae was 2.04 d,the average age of 3rd instar larvae was 1.64 d, and the 4th instar larvae was 3.09 d. Functional response of the adults and larvae of P. quatuordecimpunctata to the density of Aphis gossypii fitted well with Holling Ⅱ model, and under the same density of cotton aphids, the feeding capacity of 4-instar larvae and adults was much higher than that of younger ones. The larvae and adult of P. quatuordecimpunctata had the larger predation number and the lower hunting efficiency with the increase of prey density, but the predation number went to a steady value when the quarry density increased to a certain degree.【Conclusion】 The development of duratioin of P. quatuordecimpunctata which preyed on the Aphis gossypii in the laboratory.was 7.3d, 3.09d/pupal, and P. quatuordecimpunctata is a potential natural enemy for A. gossypii.

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Study of Molecular Analysis of the Gut Contents of Hippodamia variegata as a Method for Detecting Intraguild Predation of Chrysoperla nipponensis WANG Dongmei, LI Caihong, LIU Jian 2020, 57(4): 636-641.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (710KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study on intraguild predation by adult Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) on Chrysoperla nipponensis by using molecular gut content analysis.【Method】 Molecular analysis were used to detect the DNA of C. nipponensis in the gut contents of H. variegate. Primers for the C. nipponensis were designed according to cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene in Genbank (accession No.KY806757), and the sensitivity of this primer was tested. Moreover, feeding experiments were performed to determine how long prey DNA remained detectable in the guts of H. variegate.【Result】 Species-specific tests showed that the primers were only used to amplify the DNA of the lacewing in C. nipponensis, and had no effect on other pests and natural enemies occurring in the The specificity tests performed with the primers showed that the single band presented in C. nipponensis, and no amplification to other pest and natural enemy of same ecological system. Primer The band was about 220 bp. The sensitivity tests detected with the primers indicat ed that 0.117 ng/μL of prey DNA can could be detected. Feeding experiments showed the detectability of prey DNA declined with digestion time extended. The half-life for adult H. variegata was estimated to be 8.32 h.【Conclusion】 This method can be used to study quantificationally the IGP by H. variegata on C. nipponensis predators in the field.

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Toxicity of two Acaricides mixed with Organosilicon to T. turkestani and the Safety Evaluation of A. cucumeris ZHENG Xin, NING Zhongxiong, FAN Jiwen, LU Wei 2020, 57(4): 642-649.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (871KB) ( )   【Objective】 In this paper, the safety of abamectin, pyridaben and the mixture of two acaricidal agents with organosilicon were determined.【Methods】 A.cucumeris is an excellent natural enemies, which belongs phytoseiid mites (Phytoseiid), Amblyseius genus (Amblyseius).The method of the leaf-disc method was used to measure the toxicity of abamectin, pyridaben and the mixture of two acaricidal agents with organosilicon to A. cucumeris.【Results】 In 24 hours, the LC50 of abamectin and pyridaben were 31.96 mg/L and 39.43 mg/L, respectively, with a safety coefficient of 0.665,8, which was general; 0.197,2, which was low; the toxicity selection index was 12.152,1 and 10.295,0, which were moderate positive. The LC50 of avermectin + organosilicon was 18.82 mg/L, the safety coefficient of avermectin + organosilicon decreased from 0.665,8 to 0.560,1, and the toxicity selection index increased from 12.152,1 to 22.141,2. The LC50 of pyridaben + organosilicon was 40.15 mg/L, the safety coefficient of pyridaben + organosilicon decreased from 0.197,2 to 0.286,8, and the toxicity selection index decreased from 10.295,0 to 8.524,4. In 48 hours, the LC50 of abamectin and pyridaben were 16.47 mg/L and 17.45 mg/L, respectively, with a safety coefficient of 0.343,1, which was low; 0.085,8, which was low; the toxicity selection index was 10.104,3, moderate positive selectivity, 7.968,0, positive selectivity. The LC50 of avermectin + organosilicon was 9.08 mg/L, the safety coefficient of avermectin + organosilicon decreased from 0.343,1 to 0.270,2, and the toxicity selection index increased from 10.104,3 to 11.947,4; indicating that the use of organosilicon significantly increased the contact effect of avermectin on T. turkestani, but the toxicity to the A. cucumeris was lower. The LC50 of pyridaben + organosilicon was 16.54 mg/L, the safety coefficient of pyridaben + organosilicon increased from 0.085,8 to 0.118,1, and the toxicity selection index decreased from 7.968,0 to 7.450,5; indicating that the use of organosilicon did not improve the contact effect of pyridaben on T. turkestani, but increased the toxicity to A. cucumeris.【Conclusion】 Therefore, in the process of using acaricide to control T. turkestani, abamectin or abamectin + organosilicon is more safe to A. cucumeris.

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Host Preference of Sylepta derogata between Cotton and Abutilon and Active Plant Volatile Determination CHEN Wenbin, CHEN Ling, WANG Linli, SU Honghua, YANG Yizhong 2020, 57(4): 650-657.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1447KB) ( )   【Objective】 With the widespread cultivation of transgenic cotton, Sylepta derogata Fabricius, a leaf borer, has become an important leaf-feeding pest in cotton regions of Yangtze River basin. The attraction effect of cotton and abutilon to S. derogate was studied in order to provide scientific reference for pest green control.【Methods】 Host preference of S. derogate adult females between cotton varieties Simian 3 and abutilon was investigated by using Y-olfactometer. UThe components of the collected two host volatiles were analyzed and identified by gas-mass coupling GC-MS, and then the behavioral response test was performed by EAG to test the electrophysiological response of leaf borer adults to these specific volatiles.【Result】 The results showed that the number of female adult borers on abutilon is more than twice that on cotton, and the number of eggs on abutilon was 1.7 times that on cotton. There were 5 different specific volatiles in the two hosts. The female adults showed strong responses to p-Ethylacetophenone and 3-ethylheptane.【Conclusion】 S. derogate adult females more likely choose abutilon to lay eggs which indicates abutilon can be used as the trap host to control this pest; p-Ethylacetophenone and 3-ethylheptane exhibit significant attractive function which could be developed in future for the green control of this pest.

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Temperature Effect on the Toxicity of Diamide Insecticides to Spodoptera exigua Hübner DOU Yanan, AN Jingjie, GAO Zhanlin, DANG Zhihong, PAN Wenliang, LI Yaofa 2020, 57(4): 658-664.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (965KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the temperature effects and their variation trend on the toxicity of five diamide Insecticides to Spodoptera exigua.【Methods】 In this paper, the laboratory toxicity of five diamide insecticides to the 3 rd instar larvae of S. exigua in the range of 15-35℃ was determined by leaf dipping method.【Results】 Within the tested temperature range, the temperature effects on the toxicity of the five diamide insecticides to S. exigua all showed positive. The toxicity of chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide to S. exigua increased by 6,527. 23 and 3,939.80 times, respectively. The temperature coefficients of cyantraniliprole and tetraniliprole increased to +407.24 and +566.98, respectively, which were slightly lower than those of chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide. And SYP-9080 has the lowest temperature coefficient, only +142.05. According to the variation trend of the temperature coefficient of these insecticides, except for the temperature coefficient of SYP-9080 has been increased slowly, the other four test insecticides showed significant temperature coefficient increasing trend under different temperature gradients.【Conclusion】 The toxicity of the five diamide insecticides to S. exigua showed a very significant positive temperature effect in the range of 15 to 35℃. This study will provide the basis for chemical control of S. exigua at different environmental temperatures, and will also lay a theoretical foundation for improving the utilization of diamide insecticides effectively.

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Toxicity and Effects of Cyantraniliprole against Thrips of Cotton in Fields DUAN Ailing, LI Honggang, YUAN Xuesong, ZHAO Ming 2020, 57(4): 665-670.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (722KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to determine the toxicity and field efficacy of cyantraniliprole on cotton thrips and to provide the basis for the control of this insect.【Method】 The toxicity of cyantraniliprole to cotton thrips was determined indoors by leaf-leaching method, the cyantraniliprole safety to cotton was evaluated, and the effects of cyantraniliprole, dinotefuran and thiamethoxam were compared.【Result】 The results showed that thrips collected from Juye and Lijin showed good susceptibilities to cyantraniliprole, the LC50 were 7.667 mg/L and 17.049 mg/L. The safety threshold of 10% cyantraniliprole OD to cotton was higher than that of 240 g.a.i./hm2 (4 times of field dosage). After 14 days of application by 10% cyantraniliprole OD 7.667 mg/L and 17.049 mg/L, the control effects of Juye and Lijin were 91.11% and 95.36, 88.50% and 97.32%, respectively.【Conclusion】 Cyantraniliprole showed good control effects on cotton thrips, and alternate use of insecticides in production with other types of pesticides can effectively prevent and control cotton thrips while delaying the development of drug resistance to cotton thrips to a certain extent.

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Behavioral Responses and Population Dynamics of Lygus pratensis (Heteroptera: Miridae) to Five Host Plants WANG Wei, ZHANG Renfu, LIU Haiyang, YAO Ju 2020, 57(4): 671-678.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1455KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the behavioral responses of Lygus pratensis (Heteroptera: Miridae) to five host plants and its population dynamics in host plants in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the selection of trap crop of L. pratensis. 【Methods】 The behavioral responses of Lygus pratensis to safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), Amaranthus retroflexus, Kochia prostrata, Solanum nigrum and cotton were determined by Y type olfactory instrument and the population dynamics of Lygus pratensis on five host plants were investigated by visual observation.【Results】 Y-tube olfactometer assays showed that L. pratensis was highly attracted to volatile derived from Kochia prostrata, safflower and cotton. The density of L. pratensis was significantly affected by sampling date, host plant and interaction between sampling date and treatment host plant. The mean number of L. pratensis on Kochia prostrata was significantly higher than those on other host plants.【Conclusion】 Safflower can be used as the trap crop of L. pratensis.

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Fungicidal Activities of 11 Essential Oils Derived from Common Spices against Two Cotton Diseases ZHAO Nana, LU Ruobin, Jiamigul Mserhan, CHEN Ruiqi, YANG Wenrui, WANG Yue, LU Wei 2020, 57(4): 679-685.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (779KB) ( )   【Objective】 To evaluate the eleven essential oils of common spices in China for fungicidal activities against the two fungi, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Vasinfectum and Fusarium moniliforme in the hope of providing basis for biological control of cotton diseases.【Method】 Water-distilled essential oils from 11 plants, fungicidal activities of 11 essential oils were measured by using the method of mycelium growth rate.【Result】 The results showed that seven essential oils exhibited antifungal efficacy against F. oxysporum. Among all the essential oils, four essential oils Cinnamomum cassia, Allium sativum, Nepeta cataria and Cuminum cyminum possessed fungicidal toxicity against F. oxysporum with an EC50 value of 22.89, 51.33, 79.71 and 101.97 mg/L, respectively. Six essential oils (C. cassia, Syzygium aromaticum, A. sativum, N. cataria, Zanthoxylum bungeanum and C. cyminum ) possessed fungicidal toxicity against F. moniliforme, among all the essential oils, two essential oils C. cassia,A. sativum and S. aromaticum showed strongest fungicidal activity, with an EC50 value of 83.15, 123.33 and 99.20 mg /L, respectively.【Conclusion】 The study indicates that five essential oils ( C. cassia, A. sativum, N. cataria, C. cyminum and S. aromaticum) have potential to be developed into natural fungicide for the control natural and sustainable eco-friendly botanical fungicide for the control of cotton diseases, which provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of fungicide.

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Screening and Identification of Biocontrol Bacteria against Cotton Root Rot Diseases at Seedling Stage DU Pengcheng , LIU Haiyang, ZHANG Jungao, LI Jin, ZHOU Xiaoyun, LIU Mengli, LEI Bin, GUO Qingyuan 2020, 57(4): 686-693.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1108KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen biocontrol bacteria which have strong antagonistic effect on cotton root rot disease at seedling stage in cotton field in Xinjiang in the hope of laying a foundation for biological control of the disease in this period.【Methods】 The bacteriostatic ability of several strains of biocontrol bacteria preserved in laboratory was determined by plate confrontation method, and the effect of controlling root rot disease of cotton at seedling stage was verified by field experiment. The 16S rDNA gene sequence and gyrA gene sequence of biocontrol bacteria were sequenced respectively. Through BLAST online comparison, the phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA7.0 to determine the taxonomic status of the biocontrol strain.【Results】 The control effects of biocontrol bacteria TWt34 and HWt34 on root rot diseases (vertical blight and red rot) of cotton at seedling stage were 78.43% and 76.74%, respectively. In the plate confrontation test, the bacteriostatic widths of Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium verticilliodes were 8.29 and 6.60 mm, respectively. At the same time, the antibacterial widths of Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae were 7.70 and 13.15 mm, respectively. Sequence identification of 16S rDNA and gyrA genes showed that biocontrol strains TWt34 and HWt34 both belonged to Bacillus mojavensis. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that the two strains of Bacillus mori TWt34 and HWt34 had strong inhibitory effect on the pathogens of four main diseases of cotton, and could effectively control two kinds of root rot diseases of cotton at seedling stage (standing blight and red rot). It provides a reference and scientific basis for the development of corresponding biological pesticides, and provides a reference for reducing the amount of chemical pesticides and protecting the ecological environment and biological resources.

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Effect Evaluation of Control Red Rot and Damping off with Three Bio-control Agents on Cotton LI Hui, LIU Baojun, WU Qiong, GUO Qingyuan 2020, 57(4): 694-704.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (2039KB) ( )   【Objective】 To promote the application and popularization of biological agents and reinforce the research in reducing the chemical pesticides and increasing the application efficiency.【Method】 In this study, three kinds of biological control agents were selected for cotton seedling diseases. The effects of the agents were compared and analyzed by toxicity test, dosage optimization and laboratory and field disease control tests.【Results】 The results of laboratory experiments showed the three pesticides that had effects on damping off and red rot varies from large to small were: 80% Ethylicin, 10 billion/g Bacillus subtilis, and 24% plant immune stimulation protein. The suitable dilution ratio of the three agents for seed treatment was 300 times to 500 times, 80% of allicin had a high single and combined protective effect on both diseases, and followed by 10 billion/g Bacillus subtilis, and 24% plant immune stimulation protein had significantly lower control efficiency on both diseases. Field control efficiency and benefits analysis showed that: 80% Ethylicin mixed seed had 62%-65% control efficiency and about 11% direct stimulation benefit, 10 billion/g Bacillus subtilis had 54%-58% control efficiency and about 10% direct stimulation benefit; 24% plant immune stimulation protein had 36 ~ 40% control efficiency and about 10.4% direct stimulation benefit.【Conclusion】 The three kinds of biocontrol pesticides were effective in preventing damping off and red rot in cotton seedling, 80% of which were the best, followed by 10 billion / g Bacillus subtilis. The control effect of 24% plant immune stimulation protein is low but it has a certain effect in increasing the yield.

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Effects of the Carhoxin Fungicide on the Chilling Stress of Cotton Seedlings ZHOU Xiaoyun, LI Jin, ZHANG Jungao, LIU Mengli, GAN Enxiang, ZAI Menghua, WANG Li, DU Pengcheng, LIANG Jing, LEI Bin 2020, 57(4): 705-712.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1230KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of carhoxin Fungicide on the germination and seedling of cotton under chilling stress, the Optimum concentration to improve the germination rate, seedling preservation rate and seedling chilling tolerance were explored in the hope of providing theoretical basis and technical support for the application of seed film coating carhoxin Fungicide in cotton production.【Methods】 Five kinds of seed coating agents with different concentrations (4.2%, 5.7%, 7.2%, 8.7% and 10.2%) of carhoxin were prepared in the laboratory. The naked seeds as control and the basic seed coating as control reference, and the seed coating treatment was carried out according to the drug/seed ratio of 1:100; Under the chilling stress, the germination rate and other characters were investigated and the synthetic effects were evaluated by principal component analysis through the data of the germination rate, etc.【Results】 Compared with the control, the germination rate of seeds treated with 8.7% carhoxin increased by 7.0% (25℃), 12.0% (18℃), 18.0% (15℃) , 20.5% (12℃), respectively. Compared with the control reference, the germination rate of seeds treated with 7.2% carhoxin increased by 5.0% (25℃), 9.0% (18℃), 12.0% (15℃) , 16.4% (12℃), respectively. The seedling rate of seeds treated with 7.2% carhoxin increased by 10.1% compared with the control, 13.0% compared with the reference. The seedling rate of seeds treated with 8.7% carhoxin increased by 9.1% compared with the control, 13.2% compared with the control reference. Compared with the control, the seedling height, stem diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of seeds treated with 7.2% carhoxin increased by 8.9%, 9.7%, 7.4% and 25.4%, respectively. Compared with the control reference, these indicators increased by 10.8%, 10.7%, 8.3% and 7.5%, respectively. Compared with the control, the indexes of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration of cotton seedling leaves of seeds treated with 7.2% carhoxin under chilling stress increased by 11.0%, 17.0% and 9.0%, respectively. Compared with the control reference, these indicators increased by 6.0%, 6.0% and 5.0%, respectively. Comprehensive analysis showed that seed treated with 7.2% carhoxin had the optimum effect on enhancing the ability of cotton to resist chilling stress, followed by 8.7% carhoxin.【Conclusion】 The carhoxin fungicide can enhance the vigor of cotton seed, increase the germination rate, emergence rate and seedling protection effect, improve the ability of cotton seedling to withstand chilling stress, and promote the photosynthesis and growth of cotton seedling.

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Effects of Row Spacing Patterns on the Growth, Yield and Quality of Machine-picked Cotton LI Ling, DONG Helin, MA Yunzhen, LI Pengcheng, LI Chunmei, ZHANG Na, WAN Sumei, XU Wenxiu 2020, 57(4): 713-721.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1232KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different plant spacing patterns on machine-picked cotton growth, yield and fiber quality.【Method】 Three methods of plant spacing allocation were set up under the same planting density (180 000 plants/hm2). The modes were: one film and three rows (average row spacing 76 cm, plant spacing 7 cm), one film and four rows (average row spacing 57 cm, plant spacing 10 cm), one film and six rows (average row spacing 38cm, plant spacing 14.6 cm). The effects of row spacing on cotton agronomic traits, leaf area index (LAI), boll spatial and temporal distribution, dry matter accumulation and yield were studied.【Result】 The results showed that the cotton plant height and the height of the first fruit branch under one film and three rows model were superior to those under other modes. LAI reached its maximum at the peak boll stage, and the LAI of the three-row with one film was 11.57% and 4.50% higher than those of the four-row with one film and the six-row with one film, respectively. The highest yield was 6 269.46 kg/hm2 in three rows with one film, which was 4.06% and 4.85% higher than those in four rows with one film and six rows with one film, respectively. There was no difference found in the quality of cotton fiber between treatments.【Conclusion】 The three-row mode with one film is more suitable as a planting mode for machine-picked cotton cultivation.

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Study on Correlation between the Plant Type Structure and Yield Components of Machine-picked Cotton Varieties in Southern Xinjiang ZHENG Juyun, WANG Junduo, ZHANG Zekun, GONG Zhaolong, LIANG Yajun, AI Xiantao, GUO Jiangping, Moming, LI Xueyuan 2020, 57(4): 722-728.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (741KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze the plant type structure and yield traits of different upland cotton varieties, and to clarify the characteristics of plant type structure and yield structure of high-yield and high-quality machine-picked cotton varieties.【Method】 By testing the structural characters and relative indexes of yield structure of different cotton-harvesting varieties, using statistical methods such as difference significance analysis and correlation analysis, the characteristics of plant type, yield structure and correlation of several cotton-harvesting varieties were studied.【Result】 In the correlation of plant type traits, cotton plant height was significantly correlated with internode spacing and initial internode height; In the comparison of varieties, 17N11 had the highest yield, the highest plant height, the strongest trend of tower type structure, and the leaves of the bottom main stem remained the most complete. 17N13 had the largest leaf and stem. 17N5 had the smallest leaf abscission rate, and the angle of cotton fruit branch increased from top to bottom, while the variation ability showed the opposite trend (upper > middle > lower). The main stem and leaf size of cotton decreased from top to bottom, and the variation ability showed the same trend (upper > middle > lower).【Conclusion】 High-yielding varieties of machine-harvested cotton should have appropriate good tower structure such as the smaller angle between the stem and fruit branch(upper＜32.0,middle＜50.0°),the big larger leaf areas(>320 cm2) of main stem leaves and smaller shedding rate of the middle and lower main stem leaves(lower＜20%),which is the basis for selection of machine-harvested cotton in plant type breeding .

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The Growth Characteristics and Quality Analysis of Different Cotton Varieties in Southern Xinjiang XIN Minghua, LI Xiaofei, HAN Yingchun, WANG Zhanbiao, FENG Lu, WANG Guoping, LEI Yaping, YANG Beifang, XING Fangfang, XIONG Shiwu, XIN Mingyu, LI Yabing 2020, 57(4): 729-739.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1549KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze the yield and fiber quality of different varieties, the differences of their characteristics by measuring the growth period, biomass, canopy structure, in the hope of selecting the fine cotton varieties suitable for planting in southern Xinjiang.【Method】 Six cotton varieties were used as experimental materials to set up a variety comparison test in the southern Xinjiang Aral area from 2016 to 2018.【Result】 The results showed that the interannual and varieties had more effect on cotton ripening, aboveground dry matter, optical radiation interception rate, and leaf area index, but the variety effect was found to be more significant. Under the machine picking cotton planting mode, among the six varieties, Lumianyan 36 and precocious Zhongmiansuo 57, Zhongmiansuo 75, Zhongmiansuo 88 and medium - ripe Zhongza 7 and late-mature Zhongmiansuo 60, the leaf area index and light interception rate of Zhongmiansuo 88 were the highest, and the accumulation of dry matter was the largest, so its moderate growth period was suitable for planting in this area. Among them, the lowest increase was found in Lumianyan 36, whose above indexes reached 31.48%-36.59%, 25.52%-28.02% and 22.85%-29.97%, respectively, but the yield of seed cotton and lint were the highest, reaching 6,470.87 kg/hm2 and 2,612.65 kg/hm2, respectively. Among the factors of yield composition, the number of cotton bolls in Zhongmiansuo 88 was high, and the spatial distribution was more reasonable, and the boll weight was significantly increased, which was conducive to increasing production. Among the fiber quality indexes, the average, tidiness and fracture ratio of the upper half of Zhongmiansuo 88 were the highest. In three years, the average value reached 30.21 mm, 85.12% and 30.48 cN/Tex, respectively and its Micronaire value and fracture elongation were the lowest, and the fiber quality performance was better.【Conclusion】 Overall, Zhongmiansuo 88 is the most suitable cotton variety for planting in southern Xinjiang, and this study provides a theoretical basis for high yield and high quality cultivation of cotton in southern Xinjiang.

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Effects of Different Basal Fertilizer Levels on Cotton Seedling Growth and Cotton Yield WU Qiong, LIU Baojun, LI Hui, ZHAO Zhiqiang, LI Jing, GUO Qingyuan 2020, 57(4): 740-745.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (665KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the effects of different basal fertilizer levels on cotton seedling growth and cotton yield and to promote the rational application of cotton base fertilizer and the pesticide reduction and increase of their efficiency.【Method】 The five treatments basal fertilizer were set, which were 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kg. Samples were collected at the 2-leaf stage, 4-leaf stage and 6-leaf stage to determine the plant height, fresh weight and dry weight respectively. The growth of cotton seedling at different fertility levels was compared, and the yield and clothing of cotton at different basal fertilizer levels were measured in cotton harvest period. comparison of cotton seedling growth under different fertility levels; In cotton harvest period, cotton yield and lint percentage under different basal fertilizer levels were measured.【Result】 The analysis of the effects on cotton seedling growth showed that different basal fertilizer levels had certain effects on the plant height, fresh weight, dry weight and dry matter ratio of cotton seedlings, but the magnitude of the effects was not large. The comprehensive index and economic efficiency of 30 kg fertilizer application per acre of base fertilizer were better. The comparison of the yield of different treatments showed that the yield was positively correlated with the application amount of base fertilizer, but the lint percentage decreased with the increase of application amount. There was no significant difference in lint yield between treatments and the economical benefit of treatment with a base fertilizer application rate of 30 kg was the best.【Conclusion】 The five different basal fertilizer application levels had little effect on the growth of cotton at seedling stage.

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Effects of N, P Fertilizer Reduction and K, Zn Fertilizer Interaction on Cotton Biomass, Yield and Nutrient Uptake LI Yali, Harihash Yibati, ZHANG Yan, LI Yuan, LI Qingjun 2020, 57(4): 746-753.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (2357KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of K and Zn fertilizer on cotton biomass, yield and nutrient uptake under the condition of N and P reduction in the hope of providing theoretical significance for the economic benefits of cotton and the sustainable development of cultivated land.【Methods】 Five treatments were set in the experiment. Treatment I: conventional fertilization (NP). Treatment II: 80% conventional fertilization (80%NP); Treatment: III: 80% conventional fertilizer + potash fertilizer (80%NP+K); Treatment: IV: 80% conventional fertilizer + zinc fertilizer (80%NP+Zn); Treatment V: 8% conventional fertilizer + potash + zinc fertilizer (80%NP+K+Zn).【Results】 Compared with farmers’ conventional fertilization (NP), 80% farmers’ conventional fertilization (80%NP) significantly reduced the biomass, yield and nutrient uptake and utilization of cotton. 80% of farmers who were accustomed to fertilizing Zinc fertilizer (80% NPZn) increased the absorption and utilization of cotton biomass, yield and nutrients compared with 80% farmers' conventional fertilization (80% NP), but it was lower than that of farmers' conventional fertilization (NP). There was no significant difference between conventional fertilization (80%NP+K+Zn) and conventional fertilization (NP).【Conclusion】 Under the condition of reducing fertilizer application, 80% conventional fertilizer + potash fertilizer + zinc fertilizer (80%NP+K+Zn) has the best effect on improving cotton yield and economic benefits in Xinxiang.

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Effects of Compound Sodium Nitrophenolate and DA-6 on the Chemical Fertilizer Absorption Rate of Cotton LIU Baojun, WU Qiong, LI Hui, ZHAO Zhiqiang, GUO Qingyuan 2020, 57(4): 754-761.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (846KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this study aims to explore the effect of compound sodium nitrophenolate (CSN) and DA-6 on the chemical fertilizer absorption rate of cotton.【Method】 Through 20 cotton plants collected at 2-leaf stage, 4-leaf stage and 6-leaf stage by compound application of compound sodium nitrophenolate, DA-6 and chemical fertilizer, the fresh weight, dry weight, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content and total potassium content of cotton plants were determined, and the dry matter ratio, nitrogen absorption rate, phosphorus absorption rate and potassium absorption rate of cotton in three stages were calculated and compared with CK. In addition, the effects of compound sodium nitrophenolate and DA-6 on the chemical fertilizer absorption rate of cotton were studied.【Result】 After the compound fertilization of compound sodium nitrophenolate and chemical fertilizer, the absorption rate of N, P and K increased by 10.76% , 0.87% and 10.4% respectively in the the 2-leaf stage, the absorption rates of N, P and K increased by 18.5% , 2.34% and 24.86% respectively in the 4-leaf stage and the absorption rates of N, P and K increased by 31.14% , 5.33% and 35.56% respectively in the 6-leaf stage; After the compound fertilization of DA-6 and chemical fertilizer, the absorption rates of N, P and K increased by 8.31% , 0.85% and 9.25% respectively in the 2-leaf stage, the absorption rates of N, P and K increased by 11.51%, 1.48% and 15.66% respectively in the 4-leaf stage and the absorption rates of N, P and K increased by 27.11% , 4.49% and 30.31% respectively in the 6-leaf stage.【Conclusion】 The compound application of compound sodium nitrophenolate, DA-6 and chemical fertilizer can obviously promote the chemical fertilizer absorption rate of cotton.

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Effects of Organic Manure Replacing Chemical Fertilizer on Cotton Growth, Development and Yield SUN Guilan, FENG Keyun, ZHAO Xinxin, WANG Zhanbiao, LI Yabing 2020, 57(4): 762-769.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (873KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of different organic manures replacing chemical fertilizer on cotton growth, development and yield.【Method】 Longmian No. 3 was taken as testing material, and the experiment was conducted by using the random array of field to evaluate the effects of the different ratios of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on cotton growth period, vegetative organs and reproductive organs dry weight, leaf area index, photosynthetic rate of flowering and fruiting stage, yield and its composition.【Result】 Replacing of chemical fertilizers with different organic manures prolonged the growth period of cotton for 2-6 days. And the use of bio-organic manure to replace 40% of chemical fertilizer had the longest period of prolonging the growth period. The leaf area index of each treatment increased from the seedling stage to the flowering and fruiting period, and rose to the maximum during the flowering and fruiting period, and then decreased during the boll opening period. In the flowering and boll opening period, the leaf area index of T5 treatment was the largest in the six treatments. The application of organic manure had no significant effect on the photosynthetic rate of the flowering and fruiting period. The yield of conventional fertilizer can be obtained by replacing fertilizer with common organic manure and biological fertilizer. The replacement of 40% chemical fertilizer by bio-organic manure significantly increased cashmere length, seed cotton yield and lint yield.【Conclusion】 In the process of cotton production, bio-organic manure can be used to replace some chemical fertilizers to achieve the effect of reducing fertilizer, increasing production and efficiency.

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Effect of Organic Compound Liquid Fertilizer on Agronomic Characters and Yield of Cotton WANG Xiaowu , Gurinur Ahmaiti, WANG Zhifang , YANG Xinping, DAI Jinping, ZHANG Huitao, XIE Yuqing, CHEN Jing , FENG Lei 2020, 57(4): 770-778.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.024 Abstract ( )   PDF (1642KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the effects of organic-inorganic compound liquid fertilizer on cotton agronomic traits, yield and soil nutrients.【Methods】 Field trials were conducted in the Anningqu Experimental Field of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Kuitun 130th Regimental Farm and Jinghe County .【Results】 In terms of cotton agronomic traits and yield, KT130 and JHC three experimental areas, organic-inorganic compound liquid fertilizer (T treatment) could obtain the same yield as the local conventional fertilizer (CF treatment). There were no significant differences in cotton plant height, dry matter accumulation, and yield between T and CF treatments (P> 0.05). Compared with CK, the boll number, boll weight and seed cotton yield of CF and T treatments increased significantly (P <0.05), while the differences in clothing fraction and micronaire value were not significant (P> 0.05). In terms of soil nutrients: with the advancement of cotton growth period, the soil organic matter content of T treatment and CK treatment showed a decreasing trend to different degrees, while the soil organic matter content of T treatment remained stable or showed a slight increase trend.【Conclusion】 During the entire growth period of cotton, organic-inorganic compound liquid fertilizer can replace conventional chemical fertilizers, and nutrients can meet the growth needs of cotton.

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Field Efficacy of 34% flumioxazin·pendimethalin EC on Broadleaved Weeds in Cotton Field ZHAO Nana, FENG Jianan, WANG Panpan, LI Na, LU Wei 2020, 57(4): 779-784.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.025 Abstract ( )   PDF (712KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the weed control efficacy and the safety to cotton in the hope of providing a new type of weed control system for cotton field in Xinjiang.【Method】 Pendimethalin as the reference control, the weed control efficacy of the combination of flumioxazin and pendimethalin on weeds in cotton field was measured by the field efficacy test method and the safety of flumioxazin·pendimethalin EC on cotton was evaluated.【Result】 At the dosage of 175-200 mL/667 m2, 34% flumioxazin· pendimethalin EC showed the better herbicidal activity against three kinds of weeds. There was no significant difference between 34% flumioxazin · pendimethalin EC and 42% flumioxazin suspension agent. Compared with 33% pendimethalin EC, 34% flumioxazin · pendimethalin EC showed stronger bioassay.【Conclusion】 The control effect of the mixture is better than that of the single agent. It is safe for cotton and can be widely used in Xinjiang.